EIA Report of Ashti Lift Irrigation Project -...

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Executive Summary

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Irrigation constitutes one of the most effective technical means of the raising agricultural

production in the developing countries. Where the necessary water cannot be brought to the

land to be irrigated slowly by the force of gravity, it is necessary use pumping installation.

Drought prone area of Maharashtra like most of other parts of the country is basically

agricultural and rural. However agriculture of this area dissipate limited irrigation facilities,

coarse, shallow and poor quality soil and precarious and erratic rainfall has given way to a

verity of crop patterns to adjust with prevailing best possible alternative cropping system..

1.1. NECESSITY OF PROJECT

The irrigation situation of Solapur district is not satisfactory come to Maharashtra state. The

total irrigated area is 7.47 percent to State irrigated area in 2008/09 among them 74.53

percent by well and 25.47 percent by other surface irrigation sources. The irrigation growth is

very slowly in the district. Distribution of wells, tube wells, lakes, and project shows distinct

disparity in the district. The distribution of wells is mainly concentrated either in the drought

prone talukas or agriculture based talukas. Canals are not uniformly distributed all over the

district.

The identified command area lies in North Solapur Dist.Solapur & Tuljapur talukas of

Osmanabbad district. The rainfall in this area is in the range of 500 mm to 600 mm. the

maximum rainfall is in the month of August, September is useful for some of Rabi crops. At

present there is no source of irrigation in this area. It is thus necessary to provide water for

irrigation by lifting the water from KT Weir. Required quantum of water is to be let down in KT

Weir from Ujjani left bank canal in km. no. 99.

1.2 ESSENTIALITY OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA), in its true meaning, is the systematic identification and

evaluation of the potential impacts of proposed projects, plans, programs, or legislative actions

relative to the physical – chemical biological, cultural and socio-economic components of the

total environment. The primary purpose of the EIA process is to encourage consideration of the

environment in planning, and decision making and ultimately to arrive at actions which are

environmentally compatible. In the interest of the people in the region it fetches good returns

and helps the conservation of the natural resources. An environmental assessment is a concise

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public document serving to provide enough evidence and analysis for finding of no significant

impact to aid a compliance with MoEF.

1.3 BACKGROUND OF MKVDC

As per the decision of Krishna Water Distribution Dispute tribunal, the water allocated to

Maharashtra needs to completely used. For the purpose a Maharashtra Krishna valley

Development Corporation was formed in 1996 to speed up irrigation projects. At that time for

35 large, 73 medium and 818 minor irrigation 16767 mcum water use was planned. The main

objective of MKVDC was to complete remaining 27 large 39 medium and 355 minor projects

need to completed. The area under MKVDC were Pune, Solapur, Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur.

Besides this part of Ahmednagar, Beed and Osmanabad also covered in MKVDC.

1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

The Shirapur Lift Irrigation was Administratively Approved by MKVDC Pune vide Marathi

lr.No. Shirapur/296/(146/96), PB-2 Dt.10/10/1996 for Rs.9056.63 Lakhs. Rates adopted for

the administratative approval were as per sanctioned DSR in the year 1995-96 & prevailing

market rates.

As per revised project report 2010-11 the total cost of the scheme comes Rs.24779.95 Lakhs

vide. D.O. letter No. file no.-2315/(138/2015)/MI-2, Water resourses Department, Mantralya

Mumbai.

The 13.6 TMC of water of Bhima project is proposed to be utilized through various LI schemes.

Shirapur Lift Irrigation scheme is one of those proposed scheme with water utilization of 1.73

TMC.

BhimaSina Link Tunnel

Bhima storage ( Ujjani ) & Sina river is connected by a Bhima-Sina link tunnel canal of 26.5 km

length from Ujjani lake to provide irrigation benefits in Sina valley. In Sina valley there are four

schemes to be served through Bhima-Sina link tunnel which are as under –

A. Shirala lift irrigation scheme- to serve the area in paranda Taluka Dist Osmanabad

B– Bhima-Sina Lift irrigation Scheme – by series of KT Weirs for both banks of river sina.

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C- Barshi Lift Irrigation Scheme – for Barshi & Madha Taluka

D- Shirapur Lift Irrigation Scheme – to serve the area in Noth Solapur, Dist Solapur &

Tuljapur Taluka Dist Osmanabad

This tunnel will provide required quantum of water from Ujjani Lake to Sina River starting

from village Kandar and ending at K.T. weir at Kave on Sina river. This will provide assured

and adequate water supply ( 1.73 TMC) to the above schemes.

It is proposed to give irrigation benefits to 10000 ha of area in North Solapur, taluka of

Solapur district and Tuljapurtaluka of Osmanabad district by lifting water from Shirapur KT

weir. The Shirapur KT weir is fed by BhimaSina link. It is proposed to lift water from river

Sina @ Shirapur KT weir near village Shirapur in two stages. This include first lift of water

with 3.770 km long rising main from RL 439 m to 483.35m having static head of 44.35m.

From delivery chamber of 10.92 km in length is proposed. At the end of main canal i.e. @

10.92 km stage II lift is proposed near village Mohitewadi. Stage II includes lifting of water

by 2.55 km long rising main from RL479.75m to (503 m) having a static head of 23.30m

After second lift RBC of 18.425 km and LBC of 16.040 km is proposed.

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2.1 Salient Features

Sr. No. Item Unit Particulars 1 Scope Cumecs A Lift irrigation shceme with lift from

Shirapur KT Weir two Stages providing irrigation benefits to 10000 Ha of area in North Solapur, Solapur dist.&Tuljapur Talukas of Osmanabad District by Canals.

2 Source Ujani storage water available at Shirapur KT Weir on river Sina by Bhima Sina Link Tunnel project.

3 Location 1) State Maharashtra 2) Region Western Maharashtra 3) District Solapur 4) Taluka Mohol 5) Village Shirapur 6) Toposheet No 47 N/3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16 - 47 O/1, 2,

5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14 7) Latitude 17o47’ 55” (N) Longitude 75o 43’ 02” (E)

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4 Annual Water Utilisation

TMC MCum

1.730 46.977

5 Details of lift Stage-I Stage-II a) ICA Ha. 650 9350 b) Lift Level from M 439.00 479.75 M 483.35 503.05 c) Designed Q Cumecs 5.81 5.44 Cusecs 205.37 191.99 d) Rising Main i) Diameter Mm 1500 1500 ii) Thickness Mm 10 10 e) Length Km. 3.770 2.520 f) Rows No. 2 2 g) Static Head M 44.35 23.30 h) Gross Head M 51.92 33.41 i) Pumping capacity

(Including 1 stand by) HP 4 x 700 4 x 400

j) Size of Jackwell M x M 11 x 20 11 x 36

Sr. No. Item Unit Particulars 6 Canals Link Canal RBC LBC i) Starting CBL M 481.50 501.50 500.940 ii) ICA Ha 650.00 6287 3063 iii) Designed

Discharge Cumecs 4.07 3.19 1.32

Cusecs 143.83 112.76 46.65 iv) Canal bed width M 2.00 1.90 3.00 v) Bed Slope 1:5000 1:4000 1:2500 vi) Free Board M 0.75 0.60 0.60 vii) Side Slope 1.5:1 0.5:1 1.5:1 viii) F.S.D. M 1.80 1.60 1.20 ix) Description Lined Lined Unlined x) length Km. 0 to 10.92 0 to 1.06 19.00 Unlined 1.06 to

21.00

7 Command Area

GCA (Ha.) CCA (ha) ICA (Ha) Population Benefitted

Villages Benefited

a N.Solapur 15903 12522 9860 40417 17

c Tuljapur 226 178 140 2200 02

Total 16129 12700 10000 42617 19

8 Proposed Crop Pattern Sr. No. Name of Crops % I- Two Seasonal

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1 Chillies 03 Total 03 II- Kharif Seasonsl 2 Hy. Jawar 10 3 Vegetable 10 4 Ground Nut 25 5 Maize 02 6 Sunflower 10 7 Tur 10 Total 67 III Rabbi Seasonals 8 Hy. Jawar 15 9 Gram 05 10 Sunflower 02 11 Vegetable 05 12 Rabbi Jawar (U.I.) 45 Total 72 G.Toal 145

8 Existing Crop Pattern Sr. No. Name of Crops % Kharif Seasonal 1 Jowar 2.20 2 Maize 1.20 3 Fodder 2.20 4 Mug 0.30 5 Tur 1.80 6 Vegeable 0.60 7 Sunflower 3.20 8 GroundNut 2.60 9 Paddy 0.10 Total 14.20 Rabi Seasonal 10 Jawar 60.00 11 Bajari 0.70 12 Wheat 1.20 13 Gram 5.10 14 Vegetable 0.60 15 Sunflower 3.20 Total 70.80 G.Toal 85.00

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10 Total cost of the Project (DSR 2015-16)

Rs.Lakhs 24779.95

A) Cost of the Scheme Rs.Lakhs 16464.95 B) Cost of link tunnel debited

to Shirapur LI Scheme Rs.Lakhs 8315.00

11 Cost per Ha/ Acre of ICA 10000 Ha

Rs.Lakhs 2477995

12 Benefit cost Ratio 1.65

2.2 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

The lift scheme is proposed on the river Sina at Shirapur KT weir, talukaMohol, district

Solapur. This weir is situated near Mohol – Solapur road. Village Shirapur is situated near

taluka boundary of North Solapur and Mohol taluka. Stage II lift is approachable from

Solapur – Barshi road.

2.3 SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION

Survey

2.3.1 BENCHMARK CARRYING

The reconnaissance report of the scheme based of toposheet study is submitted to CE, ID

Pune in October 1995. However in the view of full utilization of water allotted to

Maharashtra state by KWDT award before 2000 A.D., the actual survey work is started in

the month of November 1995. to decide location, elevation, magnitude & altitude of each

component structures, survey work is carried with reference to permanent bench mark.

Permanent BM is available on guard stone of Shirapur KT weir near village Shirapur. This

BM is carried out with the help of double level ling & temporary BMs are established on

permanent structures in the command area & nearby rising main.

2.3.2 SURVEY DETAILS

As per the layout of this L1 scheme, the locations of various components such as pump

house, rising main, delivery chamber & canal alignment were decided with the help of

toposheets and site inspection at the time of preliminary report. In order to finalize the

exact location, size and length and accordingly to prepare estimates and drawings for

various components of lift,

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Details of canals and irrigable command area are as under.

2.4 HYDROLOGY

2.4.1 Water availability

Bhima river is one of the major tributary of river Krishna and it joins Krishna in Andhra

Pradesh state,. River Bhima is tapped by Chas – Kaman and Ujjani major projects as well as

some M. I. project i.e. K.T> weirs U/S and D/S of Ujjani project. Bhima (Ujjani) is one of the

major projects in Bhima valley, constructed across river Bhima near village Ujjani, in

Madhataluka of Solapur district.

2.5 DESIGN FEATURES AND CRTERIA FOR DIFFERENT RIVER VALLEY

2.5.1 STRUCTURES

Design of each component of lift depends upon ICA be served and peak crop water

requirement to serve it.

Considering present irrigation practice and water availability proposed crop pattern for

BhimaSina project is approved by Agriculture Department, Pune Dated 1 March 1996.

Bhima Sina project and Shirapur LI scheme both lies in Solapur district. Climatic and

geodetic conditions of both schemes are nearly same. This crop pattern is suitable for

Shirapur LIS also. As such the same cropping pattern is proposed for planning of this

scheme. Crop water requirement for to is worked out by modified Penman method. Overall

efficiently for providing water to the root zone of crops is considered as 49 % with

conveyance efficiency at 75% and 65% for field application efficiency.

Accordingly details are as under -

NIR for 1000 ha GIR for 1000 ha (@ 49 % Eff.)

1 ) Peak crop water 31.33 63.94 ham

Stage Particular Canal length (km) ICA (ha) 1. Stage I i) Main canal

ii) RBC 10.92 18.425

650 5063

2.Stage II i) L. B.C. 16.040 4287 Grand Total 10000

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requirement (In august II fortnight) 2) Peak discharge with 14 days rotation (Fir 1000 ha)

18.67 cusecs

3) Design discharge with 10% capacity factor

20.54 usecs

2.5.2 Head Works

Head works consists of inlet channel, sump well, pump house, rising main delivery

chamber. Existing KT weir is under construction across the Sina river @ village Shirapur to

create water storage for pumping purpose/

2.5.3 Location of sump well & Pump House

Shirapur LI Scheme is a part of existing Ujjani project. It comprises of 2 stages. The first

stage is lifting point is fixed at Shirapur KT weir which is existing in MoholTaluka of Solapur

District. There on nearMohitewadi stage II lift point is at chainage 10.92 km main canal

which is starting from delivery chamber of stage I.

2.5.4Inlet channel

An inlet channel at Ist stage is required to be constructed for the length of 120 m to reach

pump house with bed slope of 1:300. It is designed to pass 5.81 cumecs discharge to meet

peak crop water requirement for 10000 ha.

Sump Well, Pump House and rising main

Pump house: Design of pumps depends upon ICA to be surveyed under each stage, its peak

crop water requirement & static head up to which water is to be lifted. Details of each stage

of lift are tabulated below:

Unit Stage I Stage II a) ICA ha 650 9350 a) Lift Level from m 439.00 479.75 to m 483.35 503.00 b) Design discharge

to be lifted Cumecs Cusecs

5.81 205.37

5.44 191.99

c) Static head m 44.35 23.30 d) Gross Head m 51.92 33.41 e) Pumping capacity HP (reqd) 4X700 4X400

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HP (provided)

9x 900

5x 900

Pump house is proposed to be constructed to accommodate number of pump for ach stage.

8x3.5 m size of bay is considered for each bay of pump house.

Rising Main: Design of rising main depends upon discharge required to be passes to meet

peak crop water requirement of ICA under each stage.

To have economic design, various diameter of rising main are considered for lifting the

peak discharge. Comparative study for each diameter is done considering no. of rows & the

cost economic of the same. Accordingly diameter & row for rising main are fixed for each

stage. Details of rising main for each stage of lift are as tabulated below:

Unit Stage I Stage II a) Area ICA Ha 650 9350 b) Design discharge to be

lifted Cumecs 5.81 5.44

c) water to be stored with 5 min detention period

cum 1744 1632

d) size of chamber m 30 x 20 x 3 40 30 x 1.5

2.6CONTROLLING LEVELS

Statement showing important controlling levels at head of lift irrigation scheme are as

given below:

Unit Stage I Stage II 1 Water proposed to be

lifted from M 439.0 479.75

2 Water is lifted up to M 483.35 503.05 3 STARTING CBL M 481.50 501.50

2.7 CANAL STRUCTURES

Survey for all canal lengths except RB canal is completed. Type of CD work is decided

considering CBL. Ground level in catchment area of nalla.

There are no major canal structures. Each type of CD work is designed for sample estimate

purpose. However each CD work will be designed separately at the time of execution after

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finalization of canal alignment.

2.8 RESERVOIR

Reservoir

Shirapur lift irrigation scheme is only a lift scheme and is proposed by lifting water from

existing KT weir at village Shirapur, talukaMohol, district Solapur.

Total required water for this scheme is proposed to be made available through

supplementation by Ujjani project. It is proposed to let out water in river Sina by Bhima-

Sina link tunnel from Ujjani storage. No separate reservoir is required for this project.

2.9 LIST OF VILLAGES BENEFITTED ( COMMAND AREA) TAL NORTH SOLPAUR DIST

SOLAPUR

Sr. No. Village name Sr. No. Village name 1 Wangi 11 Akolekati 2 Inchgaon 12 Banegaon 3 Wadala 13 Gulwanchi 4 Ranmasale 14 Bhogaon 5 Darphal ( Bibi) 15 DarphalGavdi 6 Nannaj 16 Padsali 7 Narotewadi 17 Kalman

8 Mardi 18 Kemwadi ( TuljapurTaluka)Osmanabad

9 Mohitewadi 19 Gawalwadi (TuljapurTaluka )Osmanabad

10 Karamba

2.10 PROJECT AND WILDLIFE SANCTUARY/FOREST LAND

The Wildlife Sanctuary for Great Indian Bustard is within the command area.

Necessary proposal from project proponent for getting sanction from NBWL regarding

deletion of buffer zone of the wildlife area is already submitted to Chief Conservative

Officer, Pune Wildlife Division, Pune with relevant Concurrence vide letter No.253 dt.

30/04/2011.

As per the decision of Supreme Court of India on 25.11.2011 the total area of GIBWS is

reduced from 8496.44 ha to 1222.61 ha. Therefore a revised area under GIBWS is notified

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on 27.2.2012 by state government.

The project does not involve forest area. Complete land is private land.

State committee of wild life board has recommended the proposal and now NBWL has

issuedpermission vide their no. F- 6-30/2015 WL(33RD Meeting)10.04.2015.

3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY OF SITE

Google image of Shirapur KT weir

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Google image of Command area

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3.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

Concentration of Particulate Matter, Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen represent Air

quality. Many sources contribute PM in ambient air like construction activities, vehicular

emissions, industrial process emissions, dust storms etc.

It is an observed fact that PM10 and PM 2.5 levels are higher in dry weather i.e. during summer

and winter seasons. Dust storms generally do not occur. Hence PM concentrations are within

permissible limit.

Ambient air quality motoring was carried out in post monsoon, winter and summer season at

four locations various loction within buffer zones of the proposed project during Mar. 2014 to

Feb. 2015 representing entire year.

3.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

A phenomenon to receive excess sound waves of high frequency is ever unwanted. The word

noise describes unwanted and unpleasant sound. It can refer to the electronic signal

corresponding to acoustic noise (in an audio system) or the electronic signal corresponding to

the (visual) noise commonly seen as 'snow' on a degraded television or video image. In signal

processing or computing it can be considered data without meaning; i.e., data that is not being

used to transmit a signal, but is simply produced as an unwanted bye product of other

activities. Sound possesses three definite properties; intensity, frequency and duration.

Intensity is the loudness of a sound, or the pressure it exert through the ear. It is measured in

decibels (DB). In assessing noise, a special measure called “dB”(A) number, the greater is the

risk of damage to hearing.

Noise level has been checked around 4 locations in study area Shirapur KT weir Lamboti,

Arjunsond, Wadwal, and Morvanchi for three seasons. The noise level has been observed

within the permissible limit.

3.4 SOIL QUALITY

In Solapur district soils are mainly derived from the Deccan trap which is the predominant

rock formation of the district. Calcareous kankar and nodules are commonly associated with

these soils. The soils of the district can be broadly grouped into three kinds, Kali, or black soils,

barad or warse gray soils and Tambdi or reddish soils. Except in Barshitahsil where black soil

is generally found and course grey soil is rare in most of the district the soil is either grey or

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red. In Akklkottahsil the soil is rich along the Bhima and Sina basin while elsewhere it is mostly

black and fairly good depth though covered in some places with loose stones. The soil

sampling at 24 locations in the command area was carried out.

3.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT

As per records of 2002-03 of the geographical area of District 2.14 % is forest, 8.15 % area not

available for cultivation, 22.4% area is not under cultivation, 67.64 % area under cultivation. Of

the total cropos 439271 ha is under cerals, 8984 ha under oil seeds and 61311 ha sugarcane. Of

the total area under cultivation 25.75 % is under lift irrigation scheme.

( Source- District Socioeconomic Survey report)

3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Surface water and Ground water resources have been studied for the project to study the

quality of water to evaluate the impact on the water resource.

Water quality of KT Weir built on sina river is compared with the water standards given in IS

17400. It is observed that levels of all parameters in all the samples were below their

respective permissible limits.

Groundwater quality in the command area is compared with the drinking water standards IS

10500. It is observed that during monitoring period levels of all the parameters in all water

samples were below their respective permissible limits.

3.7 ECOLOGY

FLORA AND FAUNA

Flora in Command area

The trees observed in command area are:

Sr.No. Local Name Botanical Name 1 Ain Terminaliatomentosa, 2 Amba Mangiferaindica the Mango 3 Anjan Memecylontinctorium, 4 Anjir Ficuscarica the Fig, 5 Apta Bauhinia racemosa 6 Ashok Jonesiaasoca 7 Avla Phyllanthusemblica, 8 Babul Acacia arabica

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9 Bakul Mimusopselengi 10 Bel Aeglemarmelos 11 Bor Zizyphusjujuba 12 Chandan Sautalum album the Sandal 13 Chilhari Caesalpinia sepiaria 14 Chinch Tamarindus indicus the Tamarind 15 Dalimb Punica granatum the Pomegranate 16 Dhavda Anogeissus latifolia 17 Dikemali Gardenia lucida 18 Erand Ricinus communis 19 Gindhan Cordia rothii 20 Hingan Balanites aegyptiaca 21 Hivar Acacia leucophlcea 22 Jamb Eugenia jambos the Rose-Apple

Fauna in Command area

The fauna present in the common area is Jackle, Indian Fox, Snake Naza,

Mammles

Comman name Scientific name Jackle Canisaureus Fox Vulpesbengalensis Hare Lepusnigricollis

Deer Cervidae Moongoose Herpastesedwardsi

Reptiles

Comman name Scientific name Turtle Testudines Lizard Chamaeleonidae Dhaman P. mucosa

Viper Viperarusellii Nag NazaNaza

Amphibian

Comman name Scientific name Frog Ranatigrina Toad Bufobufo

Birds

Comman name Scientific name Maldhok Ardeotisnigriceps Common Myna Acridotherestrists Pea fowl Pavocristatus

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Parrot Alexandrine Parakeets

Crow Corvus Sparrow Passeridae King Fisher Alcedinida, Rafinesque Titar Francolinuspondicerianus Mor Pavocristatus Myna Acridotherestrists Koyal Endynamysscolopacea Holla Strptoneliafransquebarica Sugran Ploceusphilippinus Tambat Megalaimahaemacephala Robin Saxicoloidesfulicatus Mor Pavocristatus

Aquatic Fauna

Comman name Scientific name

Katla Cyprindiae

Rohu Cyprinidae

Bam Rhynchobdellidae

3.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC

It is an integral part of an EIA study to assess Socio-economic environment forms. As regards to

baseline environmental data in respect of Demography, Occupational Structure, Community

Services such as Post Offices, Post & Telegraph Offices, Telephone, Educational and Health Care

Facilities, Banks and Co – Operative institutes, social and Cultural Institutions present

command area were collected from Department of Census operations, Government of India,

Department of Statistics and Economics of the Government of Maharashtra, Village Patwaries,

Department of Post and Department of Health for preparation of existing environmental

scenario in respect of these parameters.The amenities available in the villages under the study

area denote the economic well being of the region.

4.0 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT PREDICTION AND MITIGATION

4.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

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The activities for rising main, pump houses etc involve land excavation, drilling, blasting etc.

these activities causes impact on environment.

4.1.1 Air Environment

Air environment is a key factor of health and hygiene, great care is needed while assessing air

environment quality. Air quality will be slightly affected by the proposed activities.

Noise Environment

The noise levels have been predicted at the 100m, 200m and 500m. The noise levels are

predicted considering all the static equipment present at the construction site. The noise levels

at 100m is 65 dBA , at 200m it is 60 dBA and at the distance of 500m it is around 50 dBA has

been predicted. The increase in noise levels at the nearest habitation which is around 1 km

away from the construction site is about 1-2 dBA. The noise levels near to the construction

equipment may be controlled by using latest technology as acoustic enclosure or the labours

who are working near to the equipment should be provided the Personal Protected Equipment

(PPEs), which are ear plugs, ear muffs etc.

4.1.3 Water Environment

Hydrology

It is to be considered with utmost care which is the real source of water to the crops as well as

to the natural vegetation. The hydrology depends on the physiographic situation and drainage

condition of the area. Adequate bunding (check wall) arrangement would avoid submerging of

flat areas during construction phase.

Impact on Water Quality

The proposed activity will not affect the water quality directly.

4.1.4 Land Environment

Impact on Land use

Proposed project will affect the land use pattern of the area. The canals will be constructed on

the fallow land of the region. Due to this project some private land will be occupied.

Impact on Topography

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The construction activities of various project components as rising main, canals and pump

houses are expected to result in moderate, adverse and permanent impacts on local

topography and geology of the project area during construction phase of the project. The

drilling, cutting and quarrying operation needs to be optimized using advance techniques so

that their impacts are minimized. It is expected that adequate measures will be undertaken to

maintain stability of the prevailing geological structures in the project component areas.

Impact on Soil Erosion / Sedimentation

Impact on soil will be localized in the area surrounding the project components. Small area is

likely to remain exposed and will be subject to soil erosion due to change in land use and local

drainage pattern. Another impact on soil will be during construction period as there will be

contamination with dust and surface run-off.

4.1.5 Bio-logical Environment

The project will occupy the agricultural land of the region for construction of canal to extend

the project. This will have impact on the biological environment of the area. Few trees like su-

babul, neem, cassiaetc common species will be cut to construct the canal. The animal habitation

disturbance due to the construction activity is negligible. The trees should be planted at the

different location near the site.

The command area falls in Great Indian Bustard wild life sanctuary. Therefore construction

activity will have negative impact on Maldhok Birds. The mitigation measure a suggested by

NBWL will be followed.

4.1.6 Socio – Economic Environment

The socio-economic study has been carried out at the study area. The beneficial impact will

occur due to the proposed project. During construction phase the local people will get the job

opportunity and small business opportunity required for the project. As regards to land

acquisition the some land from the farmers not located in the command area will be acquired.

From the survey it is found that no body is going to be landless. Hence due to this project

economic loss to the farmers is although not substantial it may be loss of their land.

4.2 OPERATION PHASE


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No construction activities of direct effect on the air quality of the region will be there after

creation of canals. Thus, there will no impact on environment during operation phase. Impacts

on air quality during post construction phase will be mainly due to vehicular traffic movement

connecting network of roads with various project components will be insignificant. Hence

there is no threat to surroundings and ecology.

4.2.2 Noise Environment

Its generation will be due to pump houses during operation period, controlled by keeping

proper curtains to pumps in noise resistant cabins. Other than that, no running activities will

be held after construction, so noise level also will be not affected at operation phase.


It will not affect directly in operation phase. In fact project will have positive impact on the

respective water environment, as local water requirement will be completed.

The ecology of estuaries is sensitive to the salinity of the water, may be determined by the low

flows. Saline intrusion into the estuary will also affect drinking water supplies and fish catches.

At the same time it may also create breeding places for anopheline vectors of malaria that

breed in brackish water.

Water Logging:

In the long term, one of the most common problems of irrigation schemes is water logging. But

in this case, due to deep water table apro 50 - 60 m and inspite of black cotton soil the chances

of water logging are very rare.

Agrochemical Pollution:

A high level of organic pollution in reservoirs, including human waste, provides an ideal habitat

to breed culicine mosquitos transmitting filariasis.


During operation phase there will no activities. The land acquired by rising main, pump houses

and canals will change permanent topography of the area. The impact due to project will be

positive on land environment also, the agricultural land will increase. The agro-base industry

will be promoted at the region. The increase of agriculture may affect land indirectly by using

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pesticides and fertilizer. This may cause problem for the land fertility. The phosphate may

increase the soil quality.

4.2.5 Biological Environment

During operation phase the number of trees and vegetation will be more in the region which

will be beneficial for the ecology of the area. To mitigate impact on Maldhok birds the cropping

pattern suggested by NBWL will be followed. Farmers will be instructed not plant trees and

will be encouraged to take grass crops or drawf crops.

4.2.6 Socio-Economic Impacts

The major purpose to irrigate agriculture is to provide facilities and water supply to the area

where the water supply is scarce or not enough for agricultural purpose. This may improve the

economic and social well being of the area of the project. Irrigation schemes achieve this

objective by paying more attention to the social and economic structure of the project area.The

project will not have any impact on homestead land or residential structures, hence no physical

resettlement is envisaged.

IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH

Diseases related to water have been classified as water borne diseases or water washed

diseases. Even water resources have environmental health impacts. e.g. chemicals added to

control pest to water. These chemicals result in toxic effect in human beings. The greatest

health hazards, spreading of Malaria since the Anapheline mosquito vector has potential to

proliferate in the reservoir. Cholera, gastroenteritis and Filarasis is endemic.

INCOME TO LOCAL PEOPLE

Agro forestry is defined as a sustainable land management system increasing the yield of the

land, combines the production of crops, including trees, forest plants or animals or both. The

basic objective to grow forestry is to increase biomass, soil conservation, and agro based

industries. Bamboo, Mango, Karanj,Deshi Badam and Neam plantation with the help of

women’s Self help groups or bachat gats will fetch good income and oil for generation of

power.

23

The consumptive nature of irrigation, means that, some change to the local hydrological regime

will occur when new schemes are constructed and, to a lesser extent, when old schemes are

rehabilitated.

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.1 DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The EMP will cover all infrastructure components of the proposed project and will provide

detailed specifications for individual activities. The purpose of these measures is to reduce the

severity of impacts through avoidance, prevention or reduction and rectification. In this regard,

the EMP will be designed to specify timing and technical aspects of optimizing or reducing

positive and negative impacts, respectively

The construction phase involves a preparatory phase during which the following activities

have to be carried out

Cleaning & Clearing of the site for construction of offices

Clearing & cutting of trees in area

Transportation of heavy machinery &equipments& constriction material

Drilling, basting, quarrying & transporting rock at the respective construction site

For mitigating the adverse impact during this phase, the following measures are suggested.

Provision of cut off drains and holding Weirs, growing, different varieties of grass on

the loose soil and on construction debris to prevent soil erosion and associated impacts.

Proper and adequate power, water supply and sanitation

In this case as there will not any labor camp treatment of domestic wastewater and

timely garbage disposal is not required.

Mobilization of local NGOs to generate environmental awareness among the local

people with specific reference to the project activities and to achieve their participation

in the developmental project

With a view to mitigate the adverse impacts due to air pollution arising from the project

activities and to improve the aesthetics of the area the following measures are called for:

24

• Protection of workers and staff against dust emissions from drilling, blasting and

transportation activities by providing PPE’s.

• Suppression of dust by spraying water on haul roads, overburden, dumps, rocks and

waste materials etc.

• Growing native plant species along the roads

• Proper design of green belt over the waste dumps

• Improved maintenance of machineries, proper lubrication of vehicles etc. at quarry

and construction sites

5.3 DURING POST CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The most effective mitigation measure for the impact on aquatic ecology, due to change in

water levels and water quality is to ensure minimum ecological flows to maintain the water

quality of KT Weir lake. This ecological flow may be designed based on the habitats of the most

valued aquatic species in the Weir. Special care is needed to ensure minimum losses of

spawning grounds. Since the project involves reservoir storage, it is recommended that

periodic water releases be optimized in a strategic way to maximize revenues and minimize

environmental impact of the project. Also attention should be paid to mandatory releases to

the downstream. In order to demonstrate project authority’s commitment to downstream

users, it is proposed that flow measuring devices both electronic and manual measurement

basis are installed on streams. Also to preserve water quality downstream due to flushing from

desilting chambers, the flushing is to be done over longer period and during high flow periods

like afternoon period or depending upon flow pattern for each month.

MALDHOK CONSERVATION PLAN

Following measures will be adopted to conserve maldhok birds

1. For the normal movement of Maldhok birds all the canals in the sanctuary area will be

closed or covered. This will retain existing land use & help Maldhok movement.

2. The grassland status of the sanctuary will be maintain by encouraging the farmers in the

command area to plant the grass species such as Harali, Lemon grass

3. Farmers will also encourage for short height (40 to 60 cm) crops such as tomato, Gram,

Chilli, Brinjal etc.

4. The grassy patches of 10 m on either side of the canals will be provided to encourage

the insect base & bustard friendly Mosaic habitat.

25

1.4 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN

In the first phase Green Belt will be developed around the Shirapur KT Weir and alongside of

canals. It will incorporate development of garden, lawn, trees and shrubs. This area will be

converted to picnic spot.

Program for Development of picnic spot

1. Creation of lawn near the KT weir.

2. Shrub plantation in around the lawn

3. Tree plantation –

Following Species will be planted in the area otherthan GIBW sanctuary area.

Sr.No Botanical Name Common Name Number

1 Aeglemamelos Bel 20

2 Ailanthus exelsa Maharukh 15

3 Albizzialebbek Shirish 25

4 AlstoniaScholaris Satvin 50

5 Anthocephalouscadamba Kadmb 30

6 Areca catechu Supari Palm 20

7 AzadirachtaIndica Kadunimb 50

8 Bahuniapurpuria RaktaKanchan 25

9 Buteamonosperma Palas 15

10 Caryotaurens Fishtail 20

11 Cassia Fishula Bahava 30

12 Cocusnucifera Naral 100

13 Ficuselastica Rubber 25

14 Ficusbengalensis Wad 20

15 Ficusglomera Umber 30

16 PongamiaPinnata Karanj 100

17 Mangeferaindica Amba 25

18 Mutengiacelabura Cherry 20

19 TectonaGrandis Teak 20

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20 Nyctanthusarbortristis Parijat 25

21 Aracariaactinophylla Xmas tree 15

22 Casuarinaequisetifolia Suru 25

23 Plumeria alba Cahpha Temple tree 10

24 Tamrindusindica Chinch 20

25 Citrus aurantifolia Nimbu 50

26 Citussinensis Orange 50

27 Manilkarazapota Chikku 70

28 Syzygiumcumini Jamun 30

29 TermeneliaChebula Hirda 30

30 Sapindustrifoliatus Ritha 30

31 Caesalpiniapulcherima Shankasur 20

32 Hibiscus Rosasinesis Jaswand red and yellow 50

33 Neriumolinder Kanher white , drawf and Red 200

34 Thujaorientalis Morpankhi 100

35 Callistemon viminalis Bottle brush 100

36 Bomboosa vulgaris Bamboo 60

37 Rosa ceae Rose 300

38 Vincarosa Sadaphuli 200

39 Bouganvelia Boganvelia Red, White , Yellow 100

40 Qusquilesindica Madhumalati 35

41 Jasminumauriculatum Jai/jui 40

Total 2200

Besides this plantation on both sides of canal will also carried out. About 1500 plants will be

planted.

5.5 HEALTH ACTION PLAN

Proper irrigation of land is all time requirement to be achieved by this project. Certain adverse

effects on health do accompany them.

27

The change in environment equally effects the population living in the vicinity of the area. They

are exposed to increased humidity, insects, and parasites. All these causes together are

responsible for increase incidence of diseases and increased morbidity load on the area. It

needs immediate effective actions through preventive, curative and primitive health services.

5.6 BUDGET PROVISION FOR EMP

Adequate budgetary provisions have to be made by the management of project to execute the

Environmental Management Plan as delineated above. The details of project cost, annual

recurring budget and capital investments to be earmarked for pollution control,

operation/maintenance, social welfare measures, and for greenbelt development are proposed.

6.0 Monitoring Schedule and ParametersEnvironmental Monitoring Plan

Air Quality Monitoring Project stage Pre Construction , Construction & operation period Parameter SPM, RPM, SO2,NOx, CO and Pb Sampling Method Use method specified by CPCB for analysis Standards Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules,

CPCB, 1994 Frequency Once before start of work & once every season of the

year during construction period & unto 18 months (operation Period)

Duration Continuous 24 hours / or for 1 full working day Location Sensitive locations along the pipe laying work,

pumping / lifting station locations, STP site. Measures Wherever air pollution parameters increase above

specified standards, additional measures as decided by the engineer shall be adopted

Implementation Contractor through approved monitoring agencies

Sr. No. Component Cost Rs .in lakh 1 Lawn and garden 11.1 2 Sanitary Work 15.3 3 Plantation 76.3 4 Provision communication service 3.1 5 Environment Monitoring Program 42.0 6 Maldhok Conservation 494 Total 641.8

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Supervision Implementing agency Water quality Monitoring Project stage Pre Construction& Construction Parameter

pH, BOD, COD, DO, TDS, Pb, Oil & Grease and Detergents for Surface water.

Water pH, TDS, Total hardness, Sulphate, Fluorides,Chloride, Fe, Pb for groundwater.

Sampling Method Grab sample collected from source and analysis as per Standard Methods for Examination of water and Waste water

Standards Indian standards for Inland Surface Water (IS; 2296, 1982) and for Drinking water (IS; 10500,1991)

Frequency Twice a year (pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons) during the construction period

Duration Once in six month Location

Locations to represent residential, agricultural, surface water quality and vicinity of the construction site.

Measures At locations of increased in water pollution, all inflow channels shall be checked for pollution loads and channel delivering higher pollution loads and channel delivering higher pollution load shall be terminated from disposal into the water source and other methods of disposal shall be adopted

Implementation Contractor through approved monitoring agencies Supervision Implementing agency Noise Level Monitoring Project stage Pre Construction , Construction & operation period

(as agreed) Parameter Noise level on dB (A) scale noise levels on dB (A)

scale Special guidance Free field at 1 m from the equipments whose noise

level are being determined. Equivalent noise levels using an integrated noise level meter kept at a distance of 15m from edge of pavement

Standards MoEF Noise Rulers, 2000 Frequency Once every seasons (except monsoon) for each year

of construction Duration Reading to be taken at 15 seconds interval for 15

minutes every hour and then averaged Location Wherever the contractor decides to locate the

equipment yard. At sensitive location such as school, hospitals

etc. Measures In case of noise levels causing disturbance to the

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sensitive receptors, management measures as suggested in the EMP shall be carried out.

Implementation Contractor through approved monitoring agencies Supervision Implementing agency Soil Quality Monitoring Project stage Pre Construction& Construction Parameter Monitoring of Pb, SAR and Oil & Grease Sampling Method Sample of soil collected by augur method to be

acidified and analyzed using spectrophotometer Standards Threshold for each contaminated set by IRIS

database of USEPA until national standards are promulgated

Frequency During the pre monsoon post monsoon seasons each year for the entire construction period

Duration Once in a year Location At productive agriculture lands abutting traffic

detours, pumping / lifting station locations and STP site.

Measures At location of increased in pollution levels, source shall be identified and shall be diverted from future disposal

Implementation Contractor through approved monitoring agencies Supervision Implementing agency STP Once every week Health Identification of water related disease once a year

7.0 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Disasters are always unwanted part of situation & difficult to control. To be prepared in

advance for any sort of disaster which may occur as a consequence of natural calamities is

utmost important. Disaster control plan gives ideas to plan in advance to avoid & minimize to

damage in all aspects. It is a team effort & remarkably pays if due attention is paid in time to

plan & execute the action plan for disaster control. As the name suggests the team members in

this plan are many & all must know their duties to perform their respective roles in least time,

at positions asked & as per needs of the situation arises. However, there are likely chances of

Breaking of canals. Hence canals will be inspected regularly and in case required will be

repaired.

7.1 MAIN COMMITTEE FORMATION

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As per details of the KT Weir Lift Irrigation project, Chief Engineer, Chief Engineer [ Special

Projects], Superintending Engineer, Executive Engineer of Krishna Valley development

corporation, Executive Engineer & other officers in the same will jointly execute this disaster

control plan (DCP) with Solapur District Collector.

8.0 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION PLAN

Ujjani Canal Division No. 8 part of Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation,

(MKVDC) Pune (Ministry of water Resource’s Government of Maharashtra) is continuously

working for providing water for irrigation to fields. For many of the lift irrigation schemes

require land which is generally acquired from the farmers located nearby the projects.

As such the Lift Irrigation does not involve any human displacement hence R & R Plan is

not applicable. However for land acquisition the amount of Rs. 25.31 Cr. is reserved which

will be distributed among the farmers.

9.0 COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN

9.1 POTENTIAL CREATION & PROPOSED WORK

Shirapur LIS comprise of raising main, feeder canals, canal networks of existing in the

command area and new canal system for free command area.

The irrigation potential of the project is 10000 hector. As per the guidelines issued vide Govt.

circular (Marathi) No. CAD/1089/257/CAD (works) Mantralaya Mumbai Dt. 13.11.90. The

work is split up in two parts viz. CAD component as per the project estimate for administrative

approval & CAD component outside the project estimate. The type of works to be included in

these two parts, have also been mentioned.

10.PROJECT COMPONENTS :

I Land Development Part I :

Works including topographical survey & selective Lining The ICA of the project is 10000 ha and

part -I works on this area is proposed in project planning. The cost per ha is Rs. 3000/- Hence

total cost will be Rs. 300 lakhs

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II.Land Development part –II works :

As per Govt . Circular 10% area of ICA is proposed for land development under Part –II works.

i.e. 1000 hector. The cost / ha for part II work is Rs 11,000/ha. Hence the total cost for part II

will be Rs. 110 lakhs.

CAD Components

a. Rotational Water Supply Scheme

b. The total area for CCA for Scheme is 16000ha. The provision @ 365/ha resulting

estimated to 58.4 lakhs.

c. Ground water Exploitation & development

d. To promote conjunctive use of ground water in the command area, well irrigation is

proposed to be encouraged under Integrated Rural Development Program. Estimate

e. Total CCA – 1600 ha 10% area i.e. proposed @ Rs. 125/ha (As per Vishnupur

Project) – Total cost = 1600 X 125 Rs. 2.00 lakhs.

f. for conjuctive use of ground water 600 No. wells are proposed in command area by

G.S.D.A. Assuming cost per well as Rs. 50,000 /-

g. Total cost of wells 600 X 50,000 = 300 lakhs

h. Total provision for I + II = 1.25 + 300 = 301.25 lakhs.

10.0 Project Benefit

The benefits of irrigation projects now are well known worldwide. The irrigation projects

benefits can be classed as Direct and Indirect Benefits. The major benefit is increase in food

grin production which is required for human being

EIA REPORT FOR SHIRAPUR LIS

UJJANI CANAL DN.NO. 8,

(MAHARASHTRA KRISHNA VALLEY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, SOLAPUR, MAHARASHTRA)

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION




33

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Irrigation constitutes one of the most effective technical means of the raising

agricultural production in the developing countries. Where irrigation by gravity is

possible, much work of installing facilities can be carried out by manual labour using

technical aids in the constructional and earth moving works. It is necessary to use

pumping installation where the necessary water cannot be brought to the land to be

irrigated. Mechanical source of power has considerably increased the efficiency of

water pumping and have extended the use of irrigation. It is possible to use ground

water located at considerable depth and with the aid of sprinkling arrangement, to

brings irrigation to areas that, could otherwise not have been brought under cultivation

except at uneconomically high cost. There is still a very large potential field for

development by means of this system. Drought prone area of Maharashtra like most of

other parts of the country is basically agricultural and rural. However agriculture of this

area dissipate limited irrigation facilities, coarse, shallow and poor quality soil and

precarious and erratic rainfall has given way to a varity of crop patterns to adjust with

prevailing best possible alternative cropping system. In view of increasing pressure of

population on land and the growing demand for food and other materials irrigation to

increase cropy productivity is most important.

In Maharashtra areas from eastern side of Ahmadnagar, Satara Sangli, Solapur, parts of

Vidarbha, Marathwada are known as famine zone for decades together. These areas

have good quality of soil, enough land for cultivation, huge capacity and efforts of

farmers to grow crops, but lack sufficient and timely water supply to farms. Many

families have migrated in past decades from this area due to water shortage. Irrigation

development projects help to farmers in this connection. In nature it is a man made

facility from dams on rivers on upstream side, provides sure water stock to farms,

raises crop production per hector, protect plants against frost, suppresses weed

growing in grain fields and helps to soil conservation.

Thus lift irrigation and its completion and timely implementation is an issue of national

interest, has paid handsomely in past and in future can put India in driver’s seat of

progress march.

NECESSITY OF PROJECT

The irrigation situation of Solapur district is not satisfactory. The total irrigated area is

7.47 percent to State irrigated area in 2008/09 among them 74.53 percent by well and

25.47 percent by other surface irrigation sources. The irrigation growth is very slow in

the district. Distribution of wells, tube wells, lakes, and project shows distinct disparity

in the district. The distribution of wells is mainly concentrated either in the drought

prone talukas or agriculture based talukas. Canals are not uniformly distributed all over




34

the district. Pandharpur, Malshiras, Mangalwedha, Mohol, N.Solapur are having better

proportion of canals. These talukas have their sources from 3 – 4 decades. Dams

constructed across Bhima, Sina, Nira Rivers provides canal irrigation in these talukas.

The Pandharpur taluka is highly irrigated in the district. Akkalkot Mangalwedha and

N.Solapur are the low irrigated from their cultivated area in the district. Among the

total district irrigated area Madha taluka is ahead form all the tahsil and it capture

11.26 percent district area.

The identified command area lies in North Solapur Taluka Solapur Dist & Tuljapur

talukas of Osmanabbad district. The rainfall in this area is in the range of 500 mm to

600 mm. the maximum rainfall is in the month of August, September is useful for some

of Rabi crops. The command area has deep and fertile soil. Due to uncertain rainfall

good yield from crops is not possible. If assured irrigation water is available crops with

higher yield can be grown. All these talukas are chronic scarcity areas and only means

to improve the standard of living of the people in this area is to provide them assured

irrigation facilities.

At present there is no source of irrigation in this area. It is thus necessary to provide

water for irrigation by lifting the water from KT Weir. Required quantum of water is to

be let down in KT Weir from Ujjani left bank canal in km. no. 99.

1.2 ESSENTIALITY OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT

EIA accounts three main sectorsas timely prediction of the problem, probable methods

to avoid, and raising beneficial effect. For both planners and decision maker EIA is a

management tool. Their basic target is needed to facilitate Sustainable Development. At

this juncture it may be noted that the positive effect of concerned plan should be

enhanced and negative impact should be reduced to more extent. India solely depends

on irrigation which plays crucial role to the economy which is in turn vital in food

creation storage and its security. Factually irrigation changes land use and requires

fresh water. As a result it has impact on environment resulting in degradation. This may

extend to both upstream and downstream of the irrigation area. In EIA impact of

irrigation on the environment it is well studied.

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA),in its true meaning, is the systematic

identification and evaluation of the potential impacts of proposed projects, plans,

programs, or legislative actions relative to the physical – chemical biological, cultural

and socio-economic components of the total environment. The primary purpose of the

EIA process is to encourage consideration of the environment in planning, and decision

making and ultimately to arrive at actions which are environmentally compatible. In the

interest of the people in the region it fetches good returns and helps the conservation of

the natural resources. An environmental assessment is a concise public document




35

serving to provide enough evidence and analysis for finding of no significant impact to

aid a compliance with MoEF.

1.3 EIA NOTIFICATION 2006

Individual projects and their proposed actions determine the features involved in an

environmental impact assessment. There exists a legal basis for conducting such

analysis. For others, the environmental assessment may be performed simply toadd

environmental consideration into planning and design, recognizing the merit of such

amenities on an economic, aesthetic or otherwise desirable basis.

In India, the Ministry of Environment and Forest and State Pollution Control Boards

together have prescribed certain norms for the grant of No Objection Certificate to the

sector which require undertaking a proper EIA study and submitting a report justifying

the requirement as per Environment Protection Act 1986.

According to the notification of the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Govt. of

India, Dated Sept 14, 2006 to establish a new industry and to modernize or expand any

existing industry, for the project proponents it is mandatory to obtain environmental

clearance from the state or central government in accordance with the guidelines of the

said notifications. The projects / activities shall require prior environmental clearance

from the concerned regulatory authority, or the Central Govt. in the Ministry of

Environment and Forests for matters falling under Category ‘A’ in the Schedule and at

State level the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) for matters

falling under Category ‘B’ in the said Schedule, before any construction work, or

preparation of land by the project management except to secure the land, is started on

the project or activity. The Shirapur LIS is Listed in 1 C of Schedule of EIA notification

2006. It has Irrigable Command Area 10000 ha. and there is no submergence of land

however the project’s command area lies in Great Indian Bustard Wild Life sanctuary.

Now As per General Conditions of EIA 2006 notifications the projects having command

area in the wild life sanctuary will be treated as Cat A and will be apprised at Central

level i.e. by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.The project was

apprised for Terms of Reference at Expert Apprisal Committee of MoEF New Delhi

during their meeting on Jan 28, 2015. The ToR was approved vide their letter no No. J-

12011/38/2014-IA-I dt. 1.4.2015.Also project has received permission from National

Board for Wild life vide letter no ( 33 Meeting ) dt.10.04.2015 ( Annexure )

The area proposed to be benefited by this project lies in N. Solapur (9860 ha) Solapur

.&Tuljapur Taluka (140ha).Osmanabad District.




36

1.4 BACKGROUND OF MAHARASHTRA KRISHNA VALLEY DELEOPMENY

CORPORATION

( MKVDC)

As per the decision of Krishna Water Distribution Dispute tribunal, the water allocated

to Maharashtra needs to completely used. For the purpose a Maharashtra Krishna

valley Development Corporation was formed in 1996 to speed up irrigation projects. At

that time for 35 large, 73 medium and 818 minor irrigation 16767 mcum water use

was planned. The main objective of MKVDC was to complete remaining 27 large 39

medium and 355 minor projects need to completed. The area under MKVDC were

Pune, Solapur, Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur. Besides this part of Ahmednagar, Beed and

Osmanabad also covered in MKVDC.

MKVDC PROGRAM

MKVDC will conduct following works

Irrigation projects with flood control and Command area development

Development of Hydroelectric project

To conduct survey, prepare concept plan, construct and management of Irrigation and

hydroelectric project.

Prepare yearly as well as five yearly plan

Support tourism near the irrigation projects

1.5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

The Shirapur Lift Irrigation was Administratively Approved by MKVDC Pune vide

Marathi lr.No. Shirapur/296/(146/96), PB-2 Dt.10/10/1996 for Rs.9056.63 Lakhs.

Rates adopted for the administratative approval were as per sanctioned DSR in the

year 1995-96 & prevailing market rates.

As per revised project report 2010-11 the total cost of the scheme comes Rs.24779.95

Lakhs vide. D.O. letter No. file no.-2315/(138/2015)/MI-2, Water resourses

Department, Mantralya Mumbai.

The 13.6 TMC of water of Bhima project is proposed to be utilized through various LI

schemes. Shirapur Lift Irrigation scheme is one of those proposed scheme with water

utilization of 1.73 TMC.

Bhima Sina Link Tunnel




37

Bhima storage ( Ujjani ) & Sina river is connected by a Bhima-Sina link tunnel canal of

26.5 km length from Ujjani lake to provide irrigation benefits in Sina valley. In Sina

valley there are four schemes to be served through Bhima-Sina link tunnel which are

as under –

Shirala lift irrigation scheme- to serve the area in paranda Taluka Dist Osmanabad

Bhima-Sina Lift irrigation Scheme – by series of KT Weirs for both banks of river sina.

Barshi Lift Irrigation Scheme – for Barshi & Madha Taluka

Shirapur Lift Irrigation Scheme – to serve the area in Noth Solapur, Dist Solapur&

Taluka Dist Osmanabad

Bhima Sina Link tunnel will provide required quantum of water from Ujjani Lake to

Sina River starting from village Kandar and ending at K.T. weir at Kave on Sina river.

This will provide assured and adequate water supply ( 1.73 TMC) to the above schemes.

It is proposed to give irrigation benefits to 10000 ha of area in North Solapur, taluka of

Solapur district and Tuljapur taluka of Osmanabad district by lifting water from

Shirapur KT weir. The Shirapur KT weir is fed by Bhima Sina link. It is proposed to lift

water from river Sina @ Shirapur KT weir near village Shirapur in two stages. This

include first lift of water with 3.770 km long rising main from RL 439 m to 483.35m

having static head of 44.35m. From delivery chamber of 10.92 km in length is proposed.

At the end of main canal i.e. @ 10.92 km stage II lift is proposed near village

Mohitewadi. Stage II includes lifting of water by 2.55 km long rising main from

RL479.75m to (503 m) having a static head of 23.30m After second lift RBC of 18.425

km and LBC of 16.040 km is proposed.

1.6 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

The lift scheme is proposed on the river Sina at Shirapur KT weir, taluka Mohol, district

Solapur. This weir is situated near Mohol – Solapur road. Village Shirapur is situated

near taluka boundary of North Solapur and Mohol taluka. Stage II lift is approachable

from Solapur – Barshi road.

Salient Features

Scope A lift irrigation scheme with lift from Shirapur K.T. weir in two stages providing irrigation benefits to 10000 ha of area in North Solapur and Tuljapur by canals.

Sources Ujjani storage: water available at Shirapur K.T .weir on River Sina by Bhima Sina link tunnel project.

Location Shirapur, Tal. Mohol, Dist.Solapur, Maharashtra

Toposheet No 47 N/3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16 - 47 O/1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14




38

Latitude 17o-47’ 55” (N)

Longitude 75o- 43’ 02” (E)

Annual water utilization

1.730 TMC, 48.977 Mcum

Wildlife Sanctuary Command area lies in GIBWS. NBWL approval obtained

Project cost 24779.95 lacs

B. C. Ratio 1.65

Details of lift Stage I Stage II

a) ICA : ha 650 9350

b) Lift level From : m 436.00 479.75

to : m 483.35 503.00

c) Designed Q : cumecs 5.81 5.44

: cusecs 205.37 191.99

d) Rising main

i) Diameter : mm 1500 1500

ii) Thickness : mm 10 10

e) Length : km 3.77 2.55

f) Rows : No 2 2

g) Static head : m 44.35 23.30

h) Gross head : m 66.89 36.00

I) Pumping capacity (Including 1 stand by):H.P.

4 X 700

4 X 400

1.7 SCOPE OF EIA:

Considering the nature of activities envisaged and various environmental guidelines

available, an area within a radial distance of 10 km from the proposed project site and

command area is taken as study area for the purpose of EIA study. Scope of the present

EIA study covers a detailed characterization of environment in the various

environmental components.

Following are the targets of the present EIA study:

To assess the present status of water, land, ecosystem and socio-economic components

of environment.

To identify and quantify significant impacts of operations on the environment, if any




39

To prepare Environmental Management Plan outlining appropriate control

technologies to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts, if any

To delineate future environmental quality monitoring program to be pursued by the

proponents.

Baseline data have been collected for various environmental components viz. Air, Noise,

Water, Land and Socio-economics during the period of Mar to May 2014 Sept to

November 2014 and Dec to Feb 15. and are presented in this report along with

prediction and evaluation of the impacts.

1.8 STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT

A brief outline of the report is presented as under:

Copy of ToR letter and Compliance

Chapter 1: Introduction

This chapter describes information on legislation, Basic Environment Policy, Objective

of the study, Project Background, Essentiality of the project and Methodology of EIA

study.

Chapter 2: Project Description

It explains salient features of Shirapur KT Weirand lift irrigation scheme, general

description of project, physical features, survey and investigation, project design-

hydrology, design, irrigation planning and command area, yield study, location map,

toposheet, contour of entire area, Index map, plan of pump house, flow diagram,

construction program.

Chapter 3: Baseline Status of Environment

It considers the details of baseline data to be collected from study area with respect to

different components of environment viz. air, noise, water, land, biology and

socioeconomic pattern. The air quality and noise are to be monitored at all

environmental / ecological sensitive areas. The Baseline studies shall consist of three

seasonal studies (Summer, PostMonsoon and Winter Seasons) and would be conducted

in the following Study area.

Study Area: The study area will include the following areas:

CompleteCommand Area

Area within 10km radius of the main Project components, 1Km either side of link canal

and existing Weir




40

Chapter 4: Impact Prediction and Mitigation Measures

It incorporates Environment Impact Prediction of proposed irrigation project wherein

the Impact action on parameters like air, water, soil, Noise, Land Use, Flora and Fauna,

Human Settlement, Infra structure, Employment. The adverse impacts have been

assessed and indicate the proposed effective mitigating steps to abate these have been

put forth.

Chapter 5: Environment Impact Analysis

Environmental Impact Analysis have been carried outforboth constructionand

operation phases using qualitative or quantitative methods (wherever possible) and

using Leopod Matrix or any other suitable Method of predictive modeling techniques

Chapter 6: Environment Management Plan

It covers environment management plan aimed to minimize the adverse impacts of the

project.The mitigation measures are presented for all the likely adverse impacts on the

environment due to the project. The components of the EMP inter-alia deal with

relevant components.

Chapter 7: Environment Monitoring Program

Chapter 8: Project Benefit

Chapter 9: Disaster Management Plan

Chapter 10: Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan

Chapter 11: Command Area Development Plan

Chapter 12 Additional Studies:Conservation report on Great Indian Bustard Wild life

Public Consultation

Disclosure of Consultant Engaged

Annexures




41

CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION




42

2.0 SALIENT FEATURES

Sr. No. Item Unit Particulars 1 Scope Cumecs A Lift irrigation shceme with lift from

Shirapur KT Weir in two Stages providing irrigation benefits to 10000 Ha of area in North Solapur & Tuljapur Talukas of Solapur and Osmanabad District by Canals.

2 Source Ujani storage water available at Shirapur KT Weir on river Sina by Bhima Sina Link Tunnel project.

3 Location 1) State Maharashtra 2) Region Western Maharashtra 3) District Solapur 4) Taluka Mohol 5) Village Shirapur 6) Toposheet No 47 N/3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16 - 47 O/1, 2,

5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14 7) Latitude 17o47’ 55” (N) Longitude 75o 43’ 02” (E) 4 Annual Water

Utilisation TMC MCum

1.730 46.977

5 Details of lift Stage-I Stage-II a) ICA Ha. 650 9350 b) Lift Level from M 439.00 479.75 M 483.35 503.05 c) Designed Q Cumecs 5.81 5.44 Cusecs 205.37 191.99 d) Rising Main i) Diameter Mm 1500 1500 ii) Thickness Mm 10 10 e) Length Km. 3.770 2.520 f) Rows No. 2 2 g) Static Head M 44.35 23.30 h) Gross Head M 51.92 33.41 i) Pumping capacity

(Including 1 stand by) HP 4 x 700 4 x 400

j) Size of Jackwell M x M 11 x 20 11 x 36 Sr. No. Item Unit Particulars 6 Canals Link Canal RBC LBC i) Starting CBL M 481.50 501.50 500.940 ii) ICA Ha 650.00 6287 3063 iii) Designed Discharge Cumecs 4.07 3.19 1.32




43

Cusecs 143.83 112.76 46.65 iv) Canal bed width M 2.00 1.90 3.00 v) Bed Slope 1:5000 1:4000 1:2500 vi) Free Board M 0.75 0.60 0.60 vii) Side Slope 1.5:1 0.5:1 1.5:1 viii) F.S.D. M 1.80 1.60 1.20 ix) Description Lined Lined Unlined x) length Km. 0 to 10.92 0 to 1.06 19.00 Unlined 1.06 to

21.00

7 Command Area

GCA (Ha.) CCA (ha) ICA (Ha) Population Benefitted

Villages Benefited

a N.Solapur 15903 12522 9860 40417 17 c Tuljapur 226 178 140 2200 02 Total 16129 12700 10000 42617 19 8 Proposed Crop Pattern Sr. No. Name of Crops % I- Two Seasonal 1 Chillies 03 Total 03 II- Kharif Seasonsl 2 Hy. Jawar 10 3 Vegetable 10 4 Ground Nut 25 5 Maize 02 6 Sunflower 10 7 Tur 10 Total 67 III Rabbi Seasonals 8 Hy. Jawar 15 9 Gram 05 10 Sunflower 02 11 Vegetable 05 12 Rabbi Jawar (U.I.) 45 Total 72 G.Toal 145 8 Existing Crop Pattern Sr. No. Name of Crops % Kharif Seasonal 1 Jowar 2.20 2 Maize 1.20 3 Fodder 2.20 4 Mug 0.30 5 Tur 1.80




44

6 Vegeable 0.60 7 Sunflower 3.20 8 GroundNut 2.60 9 Paddy 0.10 Total 14.20 Rabi Seasonal 10 Jawar 60.00 11 Bajari 0.70 12 Wheat 1.20 13 Gram 5.10 14 Vegetable 0.60 15 Sunflower 3.20 Total 70.80 G.Toal 85.00 10 Total cost of the Project (DSR

2015-16) Rs.Lakhs 24779.95

A) Cost of the Scheme Rs.Lakhs 16464.95 B) Cost of link tunnel debited

to Shirapur LI Scheme Rs.Lakhs 8315.00

11 Cost per Ha/ Acre of ICA 10000 Ha

Rs.Lakhs 2477995

12 Benefit cost Ratio 1.65

2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Bhima River is one of the main left bank tributaries of the main Krishna River. It

originates at Bhima Shanker in Sahyadri ranges and flows from West to East till it joins

River Krishna in Karnataka state.Total run of River Bhima crosses Pune and Solapur

District. In Pune District near village Chas, taluka Rajgurunagar (Khed), Chaskaman

dam is constructed across River Bhima and Bhima Project is constructed across River

Bhima near village Ujjani, taluka Karmala. Some of major and medium projects

completed and under construction are on the tributaries of Bhima River. Sina River is

the main left bank tributary of the Bhima River. Sina River originates at Dongargaon

Tal. Ahmednagar, Dist. Ahmednagar and flows from west to East through Ahmenagar

and Solapur Districts till it join River Bhima at Takli, Tal. Akkalkot dist. Solapur near

state boundary of Maharashtra and Karnataka States.Sina River in its upper reaches is

tapped by various M.I. schemes and medium projects like Sina Nimgaon, Wangi etc.

across River Sina, near village Awati, sina Kolegaon project is under construction. The

area in upper reaches of this project is under construction. The area in upper reaches of

this project gets benefit by fringe lifts only. Hence downstream area of this project is

still un-irrigated.




45

2.1.1 NECESSITY OF THE PROJECT

Due to Sina Kolegaon project the flow of water in River Sina will effectively be restricted

and run of River from this project site to any major confluence point will remain dry.

From toposheet it is observed that no any major tributary is meeting to River Sina up to

village Bhoire. At village Bhoire River Bhogawati meets River Sina & hence upstream

run of River Sina from this confluence will remain practically dry in future, and no

water resources will be available for the area on both banks of the River. As such there

is consistent demand from this area to let down water from other sources, such as

Ujjani storage, to Sina River for utilization on both the banks. The dry run of Sina River

is curtailed by Mohol branch canal of Ujjani project at village Lamboti. It is also noticed

that the area between Mohol branch and Wangira nalla, which meets river Sina at

village Shirapur is also drought prone area. This area dose not has any irrigation

facilities. Hence there is a long standing demand from this famine affected area for

providing weir on river Sina through let out water from Bhima Sina link tunnel project,

which will carry water from Bhima storage to Sina River. The identified command area

lies in North Solapur taluka of Solapur District i.e. geographically on East side of river.

Rainfall in the area is scanty and is in the range of 500 mm to 600 mm (20” to 24”). The

maximum rainfall is available in the months of Aug., Sept. etc. due to which some of

rabbi crops are only possible. Deep and good fertile soil is available; crops with higher

yield can be grown. The area proposed to be benefited by this project lies in N. Solapur

& Mohol Taluka of Solapur District. This taluka is chronic scarcity area and the only

means to improve the standard of living of the people in this area is to provide them

irrigation facilities.at present there is irregular flow in Sina River due to scanty rainfall

& Sina Kolegaon project. River Sina is tapped in its upper reaches by various projects.

Moreover Sina Kolegaon, a major project near village Awati is under construction. It is

proposed to utilize about 4.00 TMC of water by this project, to irrigate area by fringe

lifts only and no water will be left down in the river. This will affect the down stream

flow of river in future.

It is therefore necessary to provide water for irrigation on either bank of the river by

one of the alternative source.

2.2 HISTORY OF THE PROJECT

There is a long standing demand for providing irrigation facilities to famine affected

area of N. Solapur & Mohol talukas of Solapur District.KWDT has allotted 599 TMC of

water from Krishna river to Maharashtra state to be utilized by 2000 A.D. to have full

utilization of water allotted to Maharashtra by 2000 AD it was reviewed that how much

water is going to be utilized from the completed & under construction projects. After

reviewing it was seen that there is scope for expansion of water uses to achieve full

utilization of water allotted to Maharashtra Accordingly most of these expansion




46

schemes are being planned to serve the drought affected area considering available

sources of water. Solapur District is chronically drought affected area. To serve the

irrigation benefits to the scarcity areas a major Bhima Project has been constructed.

KWDT award has restricted use on main stream of Bhima to 95 TMC during any water

year. Accordingly after accounting for planned utilizations on main stream of Bhima, it

was seen that about 6.60 TMC of water can still be utilized from Bhima River. Moreover

it was noticed that about 30.5 of Kharif water is not being utilized though potential has

been created under the project. Keeping in view these factors, about 13.6 TMC of water

of Bhima project is proposed to be utilized through various L1 schemes. Shirapur Lift

irrigation scheme is one of those proposed scheme with water utilization of 1.73 TMC.

Chief Engineer (Specified Projects) submitted a note showing broad details of proposed

scheme to the Govt. on the basis of note Govt. directed to prepare detail project report

of the proposed scheme vide latter No. 1095/(180/95)/ WRI dated 11/08/95. As per

this note ICA of the said scheme was 6000 ha having water utilization as 1.4 TMC. Mean

while Govt. directed to modify the scope of the scheme vide Marathi letter No.

S95/3095/35-Mu.Ma.Sa. (91/95) Ja.Sa.A. dated 23/02/96 up to 10000 ha of ICA. Hence

command area of this scheme is finalized to 10000 ha having water utilization of 1.73

TMC. Layout of Shirapur Lift Irrigation Scheme is first decided on the basis of toposheet

study to verify the feasibility of the scheme.

2.3 PRESENT PROPOSAL

To join Bhima storage & Sina river it is proposed to construct a Bhima-Sina link tunnel

canal of 26.5 km length from Ujjani lake to provide irrigation benefits in Sina valley. In

Sina valley there are three schemes to be served through Bhima-Sina link tunnel & same

are as under

A -Shirala lift irrigation scheme- to serve the area in paranda Taluka DistOsmanabad.

B – Bhima-Sina Lift irrigation Scheme – by series of KT Weirs for both banks of river

sina.

C- Barshi Lift Irrigation Scheme – for Barshi & Madha Taluka

D- Shirapur Lift Irrigation Scheme – to serve the area in Noth Solapur Dist

Solapur&Tuljapur Taluka Dist Osmanabad

This tunnel will provide required quantum of water from Ujjani Lake to Sina River

starting from village Kandar and ending at K.T. weir at Kave a Sina river. This will

provide assured and adequate water supply to the above schemes. To provide irrigation

facility to surroundings of Vadala, Vangi, Mothewadi, Chicholi, Karamba, Mardi & Nanaj

etc. from North Solapur &Tuljapur taluka of Shirapur KT weir on Sina river, which will

be fed by letting out water from Bhima Sina link. It is proposed to give irrigation




47

benefits to 10000 ha of area in North Solapur, taluka of Solapur district and Tuljapur

taluka of Osmanabad district by lifting water from Shirapur KT weir. The Shirapur KT

weir is fed by Bhima Sina link. It is proposed to lift water from river Sina @ Shirapur KT

weir near village Shirapur in two stages. This include first lift of water with 3.770 km

long rising main from RL 439 m to 483.35m having static head of 44.35m. From

delivery chamber of 10.92 km in length is proposed. At the end of main canal i.e. @

10.92 km stage II lift is proposed near village Mohitewadi. Stage II includes lifting water

by 2.55 km long rising main from RL479.75m to (503 m) having a static head of

23.30m After cond lift RBC of 18.425 km and LBC of 16.040 km is proposed.

2.4. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

The lift scheme is proposed on the river Sina at Shirapur KT weir, taluka Mohol, district

Solapur. This weir is situated near Mohol – Solapur road. Village Shirapur is situated

near taluka boundary of North Solapur and Mohol taluka.

Stage II lift is approachable from Shirapur– Solapur road.

Geodetic location of the command area is as under.

Toposheet : 47 O-9,10,13,14 & 56 C- 1,2

Latitude : 17 – 47’ – 54 “ N

Longitude : 74 – 43’ – 02” E




48

2.5 ACCESS AND ROADWAY

The proposed lifts are near village Shirapur taluka Mohol (for stage I) & Mohitewadi

taluka North Solapur, dist. Solapur. The village Shirapur is approachable by Solapur –

Pune Road. It is near about 30 km away from Solapur city. Command area of lift is

crossed by Shirapur– Solapur road and Barshi – Solapur road.

GENERAL CLIMATE CONDITIONS

The project is located in Solapur District of Maharashtra State. The temperature varies

from minimum 10OC in winter to maximum 45OC in summer months.

The rainfall in the command area is very low and having erratic and unreliable pattern.

It varies from 500 mm to 600 m.

COMMAND AREA

It is proposed to provide irrigation benefits to 10,000 ha area by this lift scheme. GCA

under this lift is 20,000 ha. Command area under this lift is situated at higher elevation

of Sina River and is lies in villages Vadala to Kedgaon & Mardi. Very few nallas flowing

towards the river Sina originate from this area.

Command area G.C.A CCA ICA Villages Benefited

N. Solapur Dist. Solapur 15903 12522 9860 17

Tuljapur Dist. Osmanabad 226 178 140 02

Total 16129 12700 10000 19

TOPOGRAPHY

Command area of the scheme is almost flat and is having gentle slope towards the

nalla/river.

GEOLOGY

The main rock is basalt and top portion is weathered rock and end product of this

weathered rock is soil which is good for cultivation and soil cover for vegetation is quite

adequate in the command area

There are no significant mineral deposits in the command area. The area is covered by

medium brown/black and dry soil.

POPULATION




49

As per census book OF 2001 about 42617 people from 19 villages are likely to get

benefited by this scheme.

NATURAL RESOURCES

In this region agriculture is dependant upon rainfall which is insufficient and uncertain.

Providing irrigation facility to grow two or more crops in this area, local nallas are the

only source for water supply. However as these nallas have small catchment areas their

yield is limited and they dry out very soon. Also the area proposed to be served is

situated at higher elevation of Sina river

2.12 INFRASTRUCTURE

Being DP area there is no infrastructure development in the command area. However

due to assured water supply & development of irrigation, infra structure development;

including agro industries may be possible. The simulative effect of the above would

result in improvement of living standard of the general masses of the area.

2.13 SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECT

There are no important industries in this command area except Taluka places. The main

source of living hood in this area is agriculture. The command area lies in North Solapur

taluka, which is famine affected area.

2.14 STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION

The present scheme is proposed to be constructed in one stage only. It is planned to

complete the scheme in a period of three years including pre construction years.

2.15 STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT

It is planned to complete the construction of the project in a period of 3 years and

development of irrigation potential will start from second year.

2.16 INTERSTATE ASPECT

The entire command area falls in the Solapur district of Maharashtra State only.

Hence,there is no interstate aspect so far as this scheme is concerned.

2.17PUBLIC CO-OPERATION AND PARTICIPATION

The project provides benefits to drought prone area of Solapur District. The proposal

will also create more employment & appointments to the people during the period of

construction as well as, in subsequent years due to creation from local people is

expected.




50

2.18 PUBLIC VIEWS ON BENEFITS

The beneficiaries in the command area are eagerly waiting for the commencement of

the scheme. When irrigation facilities will start they will become irrigation orientated.

Economic conditions and living standard of beneficiaries will also be improved due to

increased yields and agricultural products & routing in socio economic development.

People from taluka Tuljapur of Osmanabad and Shirapur of Solapur district will be

benefited after commencement of the scheme. The details of the scheme are as under.

2.19 GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION

Command area of the scheme lies in North Solapur, Solapur Dist &Tuljapur taluka .

Osmanabad Dist. It is situated on higher elevation in between district boundary of

Solapur-Osmanabad and Mohol branch canal of Ujjani system. Some of the nalls flowing

towards the river originates here. Nalls are flat and not suitable to tap any where by

even M.I. Weirs. The command area is having gentle slope towards the river.

Scope of the command area: the proposed command area lies in north

Solapur &Tuljapur taluka of Osmanabad district in Maharashtra state. Command area

lies in DPA area, so to provide irrigation facilities with assured water supply is very

essential.

2.20 PHYSICAL FEATURES

Sources of lifting water is KT weir at village Shirapur.

Following are the main Roads and Railway passing through the command area.

1. Shirapur– Solapur road

2Solapur – Barshi road.

2.21 GEOLOGY

Soil is brown and fairly deep.

2.22INTERESTE/ INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS

Interstate aspect

Sr. No Taluka Villages Benefited

(No.)

Population

Benefited

1 N. Solapur 17 40417

2 Tuljapur 2 2200

Total 19 42617




51

The entire command area of the project lies in North Solapur &Tuljapur talukas in

Maharashtra State the provision of 1.73TMC of water in made in the planning of Ujjani

Project for the proposed scheme.

River Bhima is a major tributary of river Krishna. Krishna river flows within the states

of Maharashtra State. On review of present water use and planned use of completed,

ongoing and future irrigation scheme, it is seen that additional conveyance system are

required to be planned to achieve the target of actual use of 1.73 TMC can safely be

accommodated within the permissible limits of KWDT decision and this proposal can be

taken for construction. As such there are no interstate aspects.

International Aspects

Bhima & Krishna rivers flows within the states of India only as such International

aspects do not arise.

SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION

2.23 SURVEY

2.23.1 BENCHMARK CARRYING

The reconnaissance report of the scheme based of toposheet study is submitted to CE,

ID Pune in October 1995. However in the view of full utilization of water allotted to

Maharashtra state by KWDT award before 2000 A.D., the actual survey work is started

in the month of November 1995. to decide location, elevation, magnitude & altitude of

each component structures, survey work is carried with reference to permanent bench

mark. Permanent BM is available on guard stone of Shirapur KT weir near village

Shirapur. This BM is carried out with the help of double level ling & temporary BMs are

established on permanent structures in the command area & nearby rising main.

2.23.2 SURVEY DETAILS

As per the lay out of this L1 scheme, the locations of various components such as pump

house, rising main, delivery chamber & canal alignment were decided with the help of

toposheets and site inspection at the time of preliminary report. In order to finalize the

exact location, size and length and accordingly to prepare estimates and drawings for

various components of lift, the detail survey was taken in hand as discussed below.

K.T.Weir :- KT weir at village Shirapur, which is the Ist lifting point of this L1 scheme, is

existing. Hence survey for the same is not carried out.

Sump well and pump house (stage I):- Considering topographical and tentative H.F.L. of

river Sina, the pump house is located such that, it is above H.F.L. of river and will not get

affected due to floods in monsoon and also the foundation grade rock is available at the




52

reasonable depth. Block contour survey with arid of 30 m xx 30 m interval has been

carried out for pump house state 1 near village Shirapur.

Pump house (stage II) :-

Rising Main:- Location of pump house is already fixed as discussed above. The detail

rising main surveys for stage I & II are carried out. The length of rising main for Ist stage

is 4030 m & for IInd stage is 2550 m. the level for L/S are taken at 30m interval. Length

of rising main of both the stages are decided such that vide plate No. 3 & 7.

Delivery Chamber:- It is decided to store water in delivery chamber for 5 minute

detention period at peak requirement period. Accordingly tentative size of delivery

chamber stage I & stage II is worked out & survey for the same with a grids of 30 x 30 m

is carried out.

Canals:- Survey for canals i.e. main LB & RB canals from delivery chamber of each stage

is carried out for a length of 10.92 km, 18.425 km &16.040 km respectively.

Command area:- No detail survey of the command area under main canal, LBC & RBC is

carried out. At present it is fixed on the basis of toposheets. However it will be carried

out in detail at the time of construction after finalization of canal alignment from

construction point of view. The total command area under this scheme for all the two

stages lies in part of N. Solapur &tuljapur taluka and is having a good network of all

types of roads such as village roads, M.D.R., State highway and proper inter connection

with each other. Near by Railway facility adds for the betterment of the project. Details

of canals and irrigable command area are as under.

HYDROLOGY

2.24.1 WATER AVAILABILITY

Bhima river is one of the major tributary of river Krishna and it joins Krishna in Andhra

Pradesh state,. River Bhima is tapped by Chas – Kaman and Ujjani major projects as well

as some M. I. project i.e. K.T> weirs U/S and D/S of Ujjani project. Bhima (Ujjani) is one

of the major projects in Bhima valley, constructed across river Bhima near village

Ujjani, in Madha taluka of Solapur district.

KWDT has permitted to utilize 95 TMC of water on main stream of Bhima, it is seen that

6.6 TMC of water is still left to be used within this permitted limit of 95 TMC by KWDT.

Stage Particular Canal length (km) ICA (ha) 1. Stage I i) Main canal

ii) RBC 10.92 18.425

650 5063

2.Stage II i) L. B.C. 16.040 4287 Grand Total 10000




53

It is proposed to use this much quantum of water through the additional conveyance

system planning of Bhima project. The present water use planning the Bhima project is

as under:

2.24.2 PRESENT PLANING OF BHIMA PROJECT

A) Irrigation (TMC) (TMC)

Fringe lifts (ICA 34883 ha)

Flow Irrigation

Sina Madha

9.60

39.15

03.75

9.60

39.15

03.75

Total 52.50 52.50

Kharif savings(-) 07.00 07.00

Total 45.50 45.50

B) Industrial use 2.15 00.50

C) Drinking water supply 3.18 00.64

D) Losses 20.52 20.52

71.35 66.71

Say 71.40 66.71

E) Water availability for proposed LIS

1. Kharif saving = 7.00

2. Additional availability water = 6.00

(as per App. No. V/3) Total

13.60

13.60

TOTAL 85.00 80.30

Hence present planning of Bhima project is

85 TMC

Add for 1. Major Chaskaman Project

2. Minor projects

10.62

04.93

10.35

04.34

(On Bhima River ) TOTAL 100.55 95.00

Note : * Actual Evaporation losses at Ujjani lake is found to be less than estimated 20.52

TMC. Additional water use to the extent of these savings will be separately reviewed.

This much water can safely be used within permissible limits of KWDT on Bhima main

stream.

District Solapur being a D. P. A. P. area it is proposed to give irrigation benefit to Mohol,

Madha, South & North Solapur, Karmala and Akkalkot taluka by various lift irrigation

schemes through the planning of Ujjani project Shirapur L.I.S. is one of these scheme.

About 1.73 TMC of water is proposed to be made available for this scheme.




54

2.25DESIGN FEATURES AND CRTERIA FOR DIFFERENT RIVER VALLEY

2.25.1 STRUCTURES

Design of each component of lift depends upon ICA be served and peak crop water

requirement to serve it.

Considering present irrigation practice and water availability proposed crop pattern for

Bhima Sina project is approved by Agriculture Department, Pune Dated 1 March

1996.Bhima Sina project and Shirapur LI scheme both lies in Solapur district. Climatic

and geodetic conditions of both schemes are nearly same. This crop pattern is suitable

for Shirapur LIS also. As such the same cropping pattern is proposed for planning of this

scheme. Crop water requirement for to is worked out by modified Penman method.

Overall efficiently for providing water to the root zone of crops is considered as 49 %

with conveyance efficiency at 75% and 65% for field application efficiency.

Accordingly details are as under -

NIR for 1000 ha GIR for 1000 ha

(@ 49 % Eff.)

1 ) Peak crop water requirement

(In august II fortnight)

31.33 63.94 ham

2) Peak discharge with 14 days

rotation (Fir 1000 ha)

18.67 cusecs

3) Design discharge with 10%

capacity factor

usecs

2.25.2 Head Works

Head works consists of inlet channel, sump well, pump house, rising main delivery

chamber. Existing KT weir is under construction across the Sina river @ village

Shirapur to create water storage for pumping purpose/

2.25.3 Location of sump well & Pump House

Shirapur LI Scheme is a part of existing Ujjani project. It comprises of 2 stages. The first

stage is lifting point is fixed at Shirapur KT weir which is existing in Mohol Taluka of

Solapur District. Thereat Mohitewadi stage II lift point is at chainage 10.92 km main

canal which is starting from delivery chamber of stage I.

2.25.4 Inlet channel

An inlet channel at Ist stage is required to be constructed for the length of 120 m to

reach pump house with bed slope of 1:300. It is designed to pass 5.81 cumecs discharge

to meet peak crop water requirement for 10000 ha.




55

Sump Well, Pump House and rising main

Pump house: Design of pumps depends upon ICA to be surveyed under each stage, its

peak crop water requirement & static head uoto which water is to be lifted. Details of

each stage of lift are tabulated below:

Unit Stage I Stage II

a) ICA ha 650 9350

a) Lift Level from m 439.00 479.75

to m 483.35 503.00

b) Design discharge

to be lifted

Cumecs

Cusecs

5.81

205.37

5.44

191.99

c) Static head m 44.35 23.30

d) Gross Head m 51.92 33.41

e) Pumping capacity HP (reqd)

HP (provided)

4X700

9x 900

4X400

5x 900

Pump house is proposed to be constructed to accommodate number of pump for ach

stage. 8x3.5 m size of bay is considered for each bay of pump house.

Rising Main: Design of rising main depends upon discharge required to be passes to

meet peak crop water requirement of ICA under each stage.

To have economic design, various diameter of rising main are considered for lifting the

peak discharge. Comparative study for each diameter is done considering no. of rows &

the cost economic of the same. Accordingly diameter & row for rising main are fixed for

each stage. Details of rising main for each stage of lift are as tabulated below:


a) Area ICA Ha 650 9350

b) Design discharge to be lifted Cumecs 5.81 5.44

c) water to be stored with 5 min

detention period

cum 1744 1632

d) size of chamber m 30 x 20 x 3 30 x 1.5

2.26CONTROLLING LEVELS

Statement showing important controlling levels at head of lift irrigation scheme are as

given below:


1 Water proposed to be lifted from M 439.0 479.75




56

2 Water is lifted up to M 483.35 503.05

3 Starting CBL M 481.50 501.50

2.27 CANAL STRUCTURES

Survey for all canal lengths except RB canal is completed. Type of CD work is decided

considering CBL. Ground level in catchment area of nalla.

There are no major canal structures. Each type of CD work is designed for sample

estimate purpose. However each CD work will be designed separately at the time of

execution after finalization of canal alignment.

RESERVOIR

2.28.1 RESERVOIR

Shirapur lift irrigation scheme is only a lift scheme and is proposed by lifting water

from existing KT weir at village Shirapur, taluka Mohal, and district Solapur.

Total required water for this scheme is proposed to be made available through

supplementation by Ujjani project. It is proposed to let out water in river Sina by

Bhima-Sina link tunnel from Ujjani storage.No separate reservoir is required for this

project.

Details of KT weir at Shirapur, taluka Mohol, district Solapur is existing. Details of the

same are as under

Sr. No. Particulars

1. Catchment area 38.800 Sqmiles

2. River bed level 33.250 M

3. Sill level 33.750 M

4. F.S.L. 38.250 M

5. H.F.L. 49.250 M

6. Gross storage 98.600 Mcft

7. Utilization 197.200 Mcft

8. Irrigable area 1678 ha




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2.29 IRRIGATION PLANNING

Shirapur LIS Working Table




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2.30 CROP WATER REQUIREMENT

As per the proposed cropping pattern fortnightly crop water requirement is worked out

by modified Penman method. Gross irrigation requirement is worked out considering

conveyance efficiency at 75% & field application efficiency at 65%. For flow irrigation it

is taken as 49% of net irrigation requirement. For the crops as per cropping pattern the

water requirement is worked out by modified Penman method for different seasons

initially for 1000 ha, considering transit efficiency of 49%for flow irrigation. Gross

water requirement works out at 4.8877 Mcum/0.1726 TMC per 1000 ha.

The gross water requirement for different seasons as below:

Season Water Requirement Kharif 1.7117 Mcum 3.4933 Mcum 52.400 Mcum 60.4600 Mcft 123.3800 Mcft 1850.770 Mcft Rabi 0.6833 Mcum 1.3944 Mcum 20.916 Mcum 24.1300 Mcft 49.2500 Mcft 738.750 Mcft H.W. --- --- --- Total 2.3950 Mcum

4.8877 Mcum

73.316 Mcum

2.31COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT

2.31.1 Command area development

The gross command area of the project is 20000 ha. Out of that cultural command area

is 20000 ha & irrigable command area of the scheme is 16000 ha. Command area lies in

between Mohol branch canal of Ujjani system and district boundary of Solapur &

Osmanabad & higher elevation of river Sina.

2.31.2Climate

The total command area lies in hot weather region having inadequate and scattered

type rainfall in a range of 20” to 24”. The area is generally dry except in rainy season.

The weather report says that a maximum temp. is 45 0 C in summer and minimum 10 0

C in winter season.

Irrigation projects

There are no major and medium irrigation schemes in the command area of the N.

Solapur taluka. Some minor irrigation schemes are in existence, but the area already

under irrigation is not considered for this scheme.




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2.31.4Economic Aspect

There are no industries or factories in the command area of project. The main resource

of earning of the local population is agriculture, however due to insufficient and

unreliable rainfall the agriculture is not economical.

2.31.5Agro industries and banks

There are some agro industries in the command area. After introduction of irrigation

there is a large scope for agro industries especially because of well linked national

highway and railway to Bombay and Pune and Solapur district places.

Services of Indian Bank and District Co-operative banks are available at some places in

command area.

2.31.6Present agriculture practice

Agriculture in command area is totally dependant upon rainfall. Farmers are using good

quality of seeds; fertilizers etc. for agriculture and are practicing dry agriculture

practices. Irrigation is therefore demand and needs to be provided as eagerly as

possible.

2.31.7Increase in employment

At present there is no source of employment. However after introduction of irrigation,

irrigation facilities, there will be change in socio economic condition of the region

resulting in increase of the employment opportunities.

Soil survey in the command area

Soil survey of the proposed command area is being carried out by Director, Irrigation

Research & Development, Pune. It is being taken up in 1996 -97 programme. However

during the survey it is seen that soil in the proposed command area is deep seated with

sufficient vegetation cover, fertile & will produce food grains with higher yields, if

assured water is made available for irrigation.

2.32 FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINGAE

2.32.1 Flood control and drainage

Being a lift irrigation scheme flood control and drainage arrangement is not necessary.




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2.32.2POWER

Power outlet

Being lift irrigation scheme provision of outlet as in the case of dam does not arise.

On the country it requires power for lifting of water. For stage I and II of lift 7200 HP

and 3600 HP with energy of 5960 KW and 2980KW is required. It is anticipated that

this much quantum of power will be available in future at the time of commencement of

the scheme. However it needs to be confirmed well in advance before commencement

of the scheme.

2.33NAVIGATION

Being lift irrigation scheme there is no question of navigation through river. More over

due to very small seasonal canals navigation is not possible. It is also not required in

this command area.

2.34 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME, MAN POWER AND PLANT PLANNING

2.34.1 Construction programme

The total cost of the scheme works out to Rs. 5785.12 lakhs. The scheme consists

mainly following works:

Intake channel

Jack well and pump house

Rising main

Delivery chamber

Canal works with structure

Branch canal and their distributaries

The above works are proposed to be completed in a period of 3 years.

Preliminary works like detailed survey, required land acquisition, and detailed

design for the structure and tender papers will be taken in hand in the first year of

construction.

2.34.2 Construction material

The principal material required for the construction and their availability area

described below:




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Rubble

The rubble required for the construction of pump house, delivery chamber as well as

various structures on canals and its distributaries is available for a quarry 25 km away

from site near Solapur.

Sand

Sand can be made available from river Sina which is 15 km from working site.

Cement and steel

Nearest railway station is Mohol which is 20 km away from the site of works for cement

and steel 20 km lead is considered for carting.

Machinery

No heavy earth moving machinery is required for construction. There is no heavy earth

work involved. Trucks and tippers including suitable cranes are required and

provisions for the same are made in the estimates.

Construction organization

There is no separate provision of construction organization for Shirapur LIS.

Out of six Sub divisions proposed for the completion of Bhima Sina LIS one is proposed

for Shirapur LIS. This sub division will work for Shirapur LIS.

Sub division No.6 of Bhima Sina LIS @ Shirapur : This sub division is proposed for

construction & survey for raising main, delivery chambers & pump houses & land

acquisition required for the same.

Same is proposed for survey & construction of main, LBC & RBC including lining and F-

RHT works etc. land acquisition for the same & distributaries under the same.

Same is proposed for maintenance of KT weirs of Bhima Sina LIS as well as,

management of Shirapur LIS as a permanent sub division.

Man power

Both skilled and unskilled labours are required to complete the scheme. Broadly

category of different types of labours required is as below:

Machinery Operators and drivers

Fitters and mechanics for repairs




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Masons

Unskilled labour, Mazdoor

Trained operates, drivers fitters mechanics will be available from district place Solapur

and other unskilled labour will be available in the local area.

Plant / Equipment planning

This being a lift scheme no heavy machinery except cranes is required as in case of

Earthen/Masonary dams. However a token provision for each type of required

machinery is made in the estimate.

2.35 GENERAL

A- Preliminary

B- Land

The land is required to be acquired for construction of inlet channel, sump well, rising

main, delivery chamber & also for construction for canals etc.provision for the same is

made in the sub estimates of B- Lands for Head works & canals. Approximate

classification of land by visual survey is done such as Jirayat, Bagayat , Govt & Waste

land etc. for arriving at the land cost the present rate for various types of lands are

taken as per enquire done at Revenue Dept.

In addition to the above, following rates on percentage basis are considered while

preparing estimate.

Compulsory acquisition charges- 3%

Demarcation charges- 1%

Interest charges- 20%

Provision for legal charges (lump sum)

C- Works

I- Head works: This includes inlet channel, jack well, pump house, rising main, delivery

chamber etc. in civil portion as well as fixing V.T. pumps, providing HT cabals up to

pump house, providing & fixing switches, cables, starters etc. in electrical & mechanical

portion. Provision for construction of these works including other appurtenant works is

made in this sub estimate of C-works for laying of pipes of Rising main & other sub-

sidiray items rates are adopted as per schedule of rates of Environmental Engineering

Dept. for the year 1995-96




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II- Main canal: Provision for providing lining to the canal having capacity more than 100

cusecs is made in the estimate of C- works of the II- main canal. It is proposed to line the

main canal & right bank canal from 0 to 30 km.

E-Falls

As the command area of the scheme is having gradual slopes no provision for

construction of falls is found necessary.

F- R.H.T. works

There are in all 11 no. of C.D. works in the surveyed run of main canal & other canals.

The details of structures & their No. are as below-

H.P. culvert 2

Aquaduct 3

Slab culvert 6

Total 11

The type estimates of each type of C.D. works are prepared & cost of all structures has

been worked out on the basis of these type estimates. There after for unsurveyed

portion of canal percentage of L- earthwork to F- RHT works of surveyed portion is

worked out. The same percentage to the L- earthwork cost is considered for arriving

the total cost of F-RHT works.

G- Bridges

To maintain the percent communication system in the project area necessary provision

for construction of bridges across canal is made in this estimate. A sample estimate for

one of the bridge is made in this estimate. A sample estimate for one of the bridge is

made; accordingly cost for construction of all bridges is worked out. More over

provision for foot bridges at lump sum basis is also made under this sub estimate.

H-Escapes

Provision for 4 escapes is made in the estimate to control the flow of canal during

failure of canal.

K- Buildings

There is no separate provision for buildings under this sub head for any work. Out of six

sub divisions proposed for Bhima Sina LIS, one of six sub divisions proposed for

Shirapur LIS also. This sub division will also work as maintenance sub division after




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completion of this scheme. For this sub division provision for temporary & permanent

residential buildings is made in the sub estimate of Bhima Sina LIS.

Earth work

In all 29.83 km length of canal is required to be constructed to provide irrigation to

10000 ha of area in N. Solapur & Mohol talukas. Provision for construction for same is

made under this sub estimate of II-Main canal & branches.

M-Plantation

The estimate is prepared for plantation & maintaining trees along the both sides of

canals. In addition to this provision for guards & other protective works to trees is also

made under this sub estimate of II-Main canal & branches. For I-Head works provision

for establishing garden/ nursery/ in the vicinity of pump house etc. is done. Provision

for planting & maintaining garden/ nursery in colony area is already made in the sub

estimate of Bhima Sina LIS, as colony of Bhima Sina LIS will also be utilized by this

scheme.

O- Miscellaneous

I- Head works: Under this sub estimate provision for various amenities such as medical

services, security services, telephone services etc. as well as other miscellaneous works

is covered on the lump-sum basis. Provision for water supply, sanitary, electrification

etc. for colony etc. is already made in the sub estimate of Bhima Sina LIS, as colony of

Bhima Sina LIS will also be utilized by this scheme

II-Main canal: Provision for boundary stones, temporary service road along the canal

during construction is made under this sub estimate.

P- Maintenance

During construction the cost for maintenance of head works & canals is covered under

this sub estimate.

Q- Special tools & plants

This is a lift scheme consisting pump house, rising main & canals; only token provision

of each type of machinery is made under this estimate on broad basis. Major

expenditure is towards purchasing of rising main & pumps. Remaining work consists of

mansonary work of pump house, delivery chamber, canal structures & earth work of

canal as such.

R- Communication




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Provision for construction of approach road, division of roads, nalla crossing etc. is

made under this sub estimate of I- Head works & II-Main canal. Work being not of fix

nature provision for this is made on lump basis.

Distributories

Provision for construction of distributories is made under this estimate based on actual

expenditure required to be carried out at present under Ujjani project.

2.36 List of Villages benefitted (Command Area) Tal North Solpaur Dist Solapur

Sr. No. Village name Sr. No. Village name

1 Wangi 11 Akolekati

2 Inchgaon 12 Banegaon

3 Wadala 13 Gulwanchi

4 Ranmasale 14 Bhogaon

5 Darphal ( Bibi) 15 Darphal Gavdi

6 Nannaj 16 Padsali

7 Narotewadi 17 Kalman

8 Mardi 18 Kemwadi ( Tuljapur Taluka)

9 Mohitewadi 19 Gawalwadi (Tuljapur Taluka )

10 Karamba

2.37 PROJECT AND WILDLIFE SANCTUARY/FOREST LAND

The Wildlife Sanctuary for Great Indian Bustard is within the command area.

Necessary proposal from project proponent for getting sanction from NBWL regarding

deletion of buffer zone of the wildlife area is already submitted to Chief Conservative

Officer, Pune Wildlife Division, Pune with relevant Concurrence vide letter No.253 dt.

30/04/2011.

As per the decision of Supreme Court of India on 25.11.2011 the total area of GIBWS is

reduced from 8496.44 ha to 1222.61 ha. Therefore a revised area under GIBWS is

notified on 27.2.2012 by state government.

The project does not involve forest area. Complete land is private land.

State committee of wild life board has recommended the proposal and now NBWL has

given permission vide their no. F- 6-30/2015 WL(33RD Meeting)10.04.2015.( Annxur

V)




66

CHAPTER 3

BASELINE STATUS OFENVIRONMENT




67

3.0 BASELINE STATUS OF ENVIRONMENT:

In the context to get definite information about baseline conditions one has to get all

aspects of all segments of environment.They provide present status of the , hydrological

aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, vegetation pattern, ecology,

socio-economic profile, land use and places of archaeological importance.The

information on the baseline environmental conditions is the rigid basis to check the

probable impacts of the proposed activities of lift irrigation scheme or any project. As

an essential step in EIA study the major environmental attributes in the study area of

10 Km radius from the project site and entire command area is carried out. The data for

baseline studies was carried out for EIA studies covers all three seasons i.e. summer, -

monsoon and winter.

In the present EIA study, the physical dimensions of the environment such as site

location and surroundings, topography, geography, air quality, micrometeorology, noise

levels, water quality, land use pattern, soil quality, terrestrial flora and fauna and all the

other dimensions are noted. These environmental parameters are studied to establish

an existing environmental status of the area covering 10 km radius from site, and entire

command area which is considered as an impact area. The study of baseline

environment component wise is discussed below.

3.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY OF SITE

Fig . Google image of Shirapur KT weir




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1 Toposheet No 47 N/3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16 - 47 O/1, 2, 5, 6, 9,

10, 13, 14

2 Name of River Sina River

3 Nearest Village Shirapur

4 Catchment Area 3880 Sq. miles

5 Flood Discharge as per the

English Formula

12200 cumecs

6 Type of Bandhara Kolhapur Type Weir

7 Lowest Nalla Bed 435.66

8 Lowest Sill R.L 436.16 m

9 F.S.L. 440.66 m

10 Maximum Height 4.5 m

11 Top Width of Bandhara 4.25 m

12 Length of Bandhara 131 m

13 Afflux H.F.L. 446.5 As per P.R. P.No.3

14 Gross Storage 96.60 mcft




69

Fig. Google image of Command area

Shirapur is one of the Village in Mohol Taluka in Solapur District in Maharashtra State

.Mohol taluka place is located on north west side of Shirapur at distance of 11 km.

Shirapur is 21 km far from its District Main City Solapur.

Shirapur is at distance of 2 km from National Highway no 13.

Near By Villages of Shirapur with distance are Lamboti (1.8 k.m.) ,W

adwal (2.2 k.m.) ,Ashte (2.79 k.m.) ,Bhambewadi (3.6 k.m.) ,Morwanchi (4.8

k.m.),Sawleshwar ( 7.5 Km) and Arjunsond ( 6 km),

3.2 DRAINAGE AND RELIEF PATTERN

In Solapur district, Bhima river flows from northwest to south east direction. Nira and

the Man are its chief right bank tributaries while the Sina is its main left bank tributary.

Nira flows towards east and the Man north easterly direction.During the dry seasons all

these rivers are fordable. Even the main river Bhima tricles into a number of stagnant

pools with water just ankle deep. However, during the south west monsoon season not




70

only the main stream but also seasonal feeders are flooded and bring huge volume of

course material inclusive of gravel and cobbles from the barren upland and cover the

shallow beds of the streams extensively.

Bhima, flowing in the central parts of the district, is the most important river of the

district. It originates closes to Bhimashankar in Pune district and enters Solapur district

near village Jinti in Karmala tahsil. The courses of the river throughout the district are

winding and it flows in general south easterly direction. The river flows between high

alluvial and tilled banks 200-500 m apart. In certain places it is rocky but as a rule bed

is gravelly or muddy. The river has overall length of 289 km in the limit of the district

and the drainage pattern is suggestive of a trellis pattern controlled by joints in the

traps. Nira, chief right bank tributary of the Bhima river rises in Bhor tahsil of Pune

district on one of the spurs of Sahaydris crowned by well-known Torna fort. Out of its

total length of 180 kms about 48 kms length becomes the border of the Pune and

Solapur district. Its bank is steep and rocky and its bed is generally gravelly. Man is also

right bank tributary of the Bhima river. It rises in the Phaltan range in Satara district.

Out of its total length of 160 km, about 80 kms passes through the limits of Solapur

district. The banks of the river are low and cultivated while the bed is shallow and

gravelly. The river is notorious for the quick rising during floods. Sina is left bank

tributary of the Bhima River. It rises in Ahmednagar district and runs in a south easterly

direction. The Sina is about 100-200 m broad and has steep banks. The bed is generally

sandy but occasionally rocky.

3.3 GEOGRAPHY

In southern Maharashtra, Solapur district is situated entirely in Bhima, Nira, Sina and

Man river basins. It lies between 17 0 10’ and 180 32’ North Latitude and 740 42 and

760 15’ East Longitudes. This district is also a connecting link between Maharashtra

and Karnataka state. It has an average elevation of 458 meters (1502 feet). The district

is surrounded by Ahmadnagar district on the north, Osmanabad district to the north

east, Gulbarga district of Karnataka state to the south east, Sangli district to the south

west, Satara district to the west and Pune district to the north west. Solapur district has

an area of 14895 km2. The head quarters of the district located at Solapur is an

important station on the South Central Railway and is well connected by road.

The district in general has a flat or undulating terrain. There is no important hill system

in the district. Only to the north of Barshi Taluka, several spurs of the Balaghat range

pass south for a few kilometres. There are also a few scattered hills in Karmala, Madha

and Malshiras Talukas The low table land and small separate hills in Karmala and

Madha Talukas act as a watershed between the Bhima and Sina rivers. The soils of the

district can be classified into three main types. These are black soil, coarse grey soil and

reddish soil.




71

According to topography the district is divided in three natural zones: Eastern Zone:

This comprises of Barshi, North Solapur, South Solapur and Akkalkot Talukas. The soil

is medium to deep black and of rich quality. jowar, bajra and pulses are the main crops

of this zone. Central or Tansitional Zone: Mohol, Mangalwedha, eastern part of

Pandharpur and Madha Taluka are covered by this zone. Moderate soil and uncertain

rainfall marks this zone. Both Kharif and Rabi crops are grown in this part.

Western Zone: Karmala, Sangola and Malshiras Talukas and the western parts of

Pandharpur come under this zone. Shallow and poor type of soil, not retentive of

moisture marks this part,

along with scanty and uncertain rainfall. Rabi crops are mainly grown in Karmala,

Pandharpur and Madha Talukas while Kharif crops like bajra and groundnut are grown

in Sangola and parts of Malshiras talukas.

Agro-climatically, the entire district comes under the rain shadow area. Rainfall is

uncertain and scanty. The monsoon period is from the second fortnight of June to the

end of September bringing rains from south-west monsoon. The average rainfall for the

district is 545.4 mms. Due to scanty and non-uniform rains, scarcity conditions prevail

in the district. This has adversely affected the socio-economic condition of people. In

order to face this situation, the Ujani dam has been built to provide water to the

drought-prone areas. During the dry season all the rivers are nearly dry. The length of

Bhima River in Solapur district is 289 kms. An area of 296107 hectares is under

irrigation in the district from various sources.

The district covers a total geographical area of 14844.6 sq.kms which is 4.82 percent of

the total area of the state of Maharashtra. Out of the total area of the district 338.8

sq.kms (2.28 percent) is urban area whereas the remaining 14505.8 sq.kms. (97.72

percent) is rural area. Area wise, Karmala taluka is the biggest covering an area of

1609.7 sq.kms and North Solapur is the smallest covering an area of 736.3 sq.kms.

Railway:

Solapur is one of the largest train junctions on the Mumbai-Chennai, Mumbai-

Hyderabad lines and is one of the five divisions of the Central Railway Zone of the

Indian Railways. It is connected by direct trains to many important cities such as New

Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune, Thiruvananthapuram, Hubali etc.

Solapur is also a terminal point of the Solapur Bijapur line.

Road:

Solapur is well connected by road with major cities of Maharashtra as well as the

adjoining State Capital of Hyderabad and important cities in Karnataka by three

National Highways NH-9 connecting Pune to Hyderabad, NH-13 connecting Solapur to

Mangalore, Karnataka and NH-211 connecting Solapur to Dhule. There are also

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Railway_%28India%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Railways

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_Andhra_Pradesh

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_Andhra_Pradesh

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Highways_in_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Highway_13_%28India%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalore

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Highway_211_%28India%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhule




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numerous state and country routes passing through Solapur, and connected to some

cities like Siddipet, Karimnagar, Warangal, Gulbarga, Bidar, Vijapur Bagalkot, Belgam

etc. daily.

Airport:

Solapur city has an airport (IATA code: SSE[5]) on the Southeast side of the city.

Kingfisher Airlines operates flights from Solapur to Mumbai on Tuesday, Thursday,

Saturday and Sunday.

Solapur district is well defined to its west as well as to its east by inward looking scraps

of Phaltan Range and the Osmanabad Plateau respectively. There are no prominent hill

ranges in the district. The district as a whole forms a broad flat or waving basin

occupied by the Bhima riverflowing in the middle in a south easterly direction. Except

in Barshi, Karmala, Mohol, Malshiras and Sangola talukas the district has few hills and

even these are isolated, individual, residual resistant remnants. There are, however

substantial subtle regional and local variations and on the basis of these variations and

terrain, the district may be broadly divided into following geographical regions.

The western foot hill regions in the southern part of Malshiras and Western Sangole.

The Nira basin in Malshiras Tahsil.

The Man basin in Sangole, Mangalvedha and Southern part of Pandharpur

The Bhima Valley in Western Karmala, eastern Malshiras, Pandarpur, parts

ofMangalveda and South Solapur.

The central uplands in mid Karmala and Madha

The Sina – Bhogawati valleys in east central parts of the district i.e. east Karmala and

Madha, Barshi, Mohol, South and north Soalpur and

The Akkalkot plains and the Bori valley.

3.4 GEOLOGY

The district as a whole monotonously covers Deccan Trap basaltic lava flows, which, in

turn, are covered by a thin mantle of soil almost everywhere. These flows, on account of

differential weathering, give rise to undulating relief. There are no prominent hill

ranges in the district and the region is characterized by typical Deccan trap

geomorphology. The fine grained dark grey basaltic flows constitute the high country

while the weathered vesicular and zeolitic basalts generally constitute the valleys in the

area. The basalt of the district is just a part of the vast expanse of the Deccan lava flows

which occupy around 5, 18,000km 2of the western and central parts of the country. The

traps in the district probably represent middle traps in the three-fold classification of

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IATA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solapur#cite_note-4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingfisher_Airlines




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traps (the lower and upper being the other two classes) and attain a thickness of more

than 1,200 meters.

The geological sequence in the district is as follows:-

Recent alluvium and soil carrying horizons of calcareous kankar locally.

Recent.

Basalt flows belonging to the Deccan Trap volcanic episode. Cretaceo-Eocene.

Deccan Trap flows: The precise configuration of entire succession of basalt flows of the

district is not known in as much as systematic geological mapping has not been carried

out so far. During the course of survey in Akkalkot taluka for groundwater, in 1963-64,

6 flows in a vertical column of 84 meters confined between 472 and 556 meters,

respectively from the M.S.L. have been recognised. The flows consist of dark grey fine

grained, hard and compact basalts having red pinkish colour at the top portions. A few

red bole beds, which are the ferruginous clayey substances of brick-red colour, have

been noticed in between the successive flows. They usually contain fragments of basalts

and indicate the periods of diminished or no volcanic activity. The vesicles in basalt,

which are around 4-5 mm. in diameters, are usually filled in by secondary minerals like

zeolites, calcite, chlorophaeite, etc. There are textural variations within the same flow,

both laterally and vertically. There is also a gradual variation in vesicularity from non-

vesicular to a vesicular flow. The maximum thickness of a flow in the area, observed in

1963-64, is around 30 meters, while the average is generally of the order of 20 meters.

These two types of massive and amygdalloidal basalts have also been met with in the

sub surface strata drilled for dam site exploration pertaining to Bhima Lift Irrigation

Scheme near Ujjani. Some of the drill holes encountered pockets of red bole and ash.

The basalts display typical spheroidal weathering, the depth of the weathered zone

varying between 3 to 8 meters. Veins of kankar filling up the fractures of the vesicular

traps are quite common. Such vein fillings are absent in the fine grained compact basalt.

Soil and Kankar: Almost everywhere in the district, black cotton soil ranging in

thickness from 0.3 to 2.5 meters is found to cover the top of the different flows. This

black cotton soil is the ultimate product of weathering of Deccan Trap. Calcareous

kankar and nodules are commonly associated with these soils. The thickness of the soil

cap along the river sections increases to as much as 3 to 4 meters.

Geological structureThe area is remarkably free from a bye-structural complexity.

There are no evidences of any structural disturbances like folding or faulting. The flows

here show north-south strike with gentle dips towards east and west. The fine-grained

basalts show the typical hexagonal columnar type of jointing. The vesicular traps at




74

places exhibit north-south and east-west striking joints, with vertical dips. Closely-

spaced sheet jointing gives the rock a sheared look. The main rock is basalt and top

portion is weathered rock and end product of this weathered rock is soil which is good

for cultivation and soil cover for vegetation is quite adequate in command area. No

significant mineral deposits exist in the Command area. The area is covered by medium

brown / black and dry soil.

3.5 MICRO-METEOROLOGY

The climate of this district is on the whole agreeable and is by and large dry in the

major part of the year. The cold season from December to about the middle of February

is followed by the hot season which lasts up to the end of May. June to September is the

south-west monsoon season. October and November constitute the post monsoon or

retreating monsoon season.

3.5.1 Temperature

There are two meteorological observatories in the district, one at Solapur and the other

at Jeur. The data of Solapur are available for a longer period. The records of these two

observatories may be taken as fairly representative of the meteorological conditions in

the district in general.

The cold season starts by about the end of November when temperatures, especially

night temperatures, begin to fall rapidly. December is the coldest month with the mean

daily maximum at 29.39 0C and the mean daily minimum at 14.8°C. The period from

about the middle of February to the end of May is one of continuous increase of

temperature. May is the hottest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at

39.9°C and the mean daily minimum at 25.1°C. The heat during the summer season is

intense and the maximum temperature may sometimes go up to about 44– 45°C.

Afternoon thunder showers bring welcome relief from the heat. The onset of the south-

west monsoon by about the first week of June brings down the temperatures

appreciably. After the withdrawal of the south west monsoon early in October day

temperatures increase slightly but the night temperatures steadily decrease. After mid

November both day and night temperatures begin to drop rapidly. Except during the

south-west monsoon season the daily range of temperature is large and is of the order

of 12°C to 16°Cat Solapur.

The highest maximum temperature recorded at Solapur was 45.6°C on May 12, 1939

and the lowest minimum was 4.4°C on January 7, 1945. ( Annexure D)




75

3.5.2 Rainfall

Agriculture in the district is mainly dependent upon rainfall. In this district 91.5 % of

the total cultivated area is under dry farming. There are no major irrigation schemes.

[Except the Bhima Irrigation Project.] The rainfall, thus, determines the pattern of

crops, rotation of crops and the productivity of the land in the district. Broadly

speaking, the district can be divided into three natural zones. The eastern zone

comprising Barshi, North Solapur, South Solapur and Akkalkot talukas has assured

rainfall; the central or the traditional zone comprising Mohol, Mangalwedha, eastern

part of Pandharpur and Madha talukas has uncertain rainfall and the western zone

which comprises the scarcity areas of Karmala, Sangola and Malshiras talukas and the

western parts of the Madha and Pandharpur talukas has also uncertain rainfall.

Rainfall all over the district is uncertain and scanty with an annual average of 625 mm.

Only in Barshi taluka which is nearer to Balaghat range it averages 725 mm. The district

gets rain from south west as well as from north east monsoon. The rains start in June

and continue up to October throughout the district. The south west monsoon brings

rain between June and October and it constitutes about 85 % of the total rainfall. Thus

the main precipitation during June to August is rather precarious. The showers in

September and October are heavy and more assured. Winter rains brought by the

north-east monsoon are of small magnitude. The normal rainfall for the monsoon

period, i.e..June-September is 425.9 mm. which is 73.6 % of the total annual rainfall. The

farming practices are adjusted according to the normal character of the rainy season

and expectations are made on the basis of this character.

The rainfall in the command area is very low. It varies from 500 to 600mm.Records of

rainfall in the district are available for 9 stations for periods ranging from 55 to 84

years. The details of the rainfall at these stations and for the district as a whole are

given in table Nos. 2 to 3. The average annual rainfall in the district is 584.3 mm. The

rainfall in the district varies from 448.8 mm. at Akluj near the western border to 689.2

mm. at Akkalkot near the south eastern border of the district. Some rainfall in the form

of thunder showers occurs during the months of April and May. The rainfall during the

south west monsoon in the months of June to September amounts to about 74 % of the

annual rainfall. September is the rainiest month. About 17% of the normal annual

rainfall in the district is received in the post-monsoon months of October and

November. The variation in the annual rainfall from year to year is large. In the fifty

year period from 1901-50, the highest annual rainfall amounting to 181 % of the

normal occurred in 1916. The lowest annual rainfall which was only 51 % of the normal

occurred in 1905. In the same period the annual rainfall in the district was less than 80

per cent of the normal in 10 years. Two and three consecutive years of such low rainfall

occurred once each during this period. Considering the annual rainfall at the individual

stations it is seen that, two consecutive years of such low rainfall have occurred more




76

than twice at most of the stations. In the period from 1911-13 and in the case of two

stations, 1914 also, the rainfall was less than 80 % practically throughout the district.

The annual rainfall in the district was between 500 -800 mm. in 31 years out of 50.(

Annexure E)

On an average there are 37 rainy days (i.e., days with rainfall of 2.5 mm. - 10 mm or

more) in a year in the district. This number increases from 30 at Akluj near the western

border of the district to 45 days at Akkalkot near the south eastern border.

3.5.3 Humidity

The air is highly humid during the south-west monsoon months, and mostly dry during

the rest of the year. The driest part of the year is the summer season when the humidity

is between about 20 and 25 per cent on the average in the afternoons.

3.5.4 Cloudiness

During the south west monsoon season the skies are heavily clouded or overcast. Skies

are generally clear or lightly clouded during the period November to March. Cloudiness

increases progressively from May and the afternoons are comparatively more clouded

than the mornings.

3.5.5 Winds

In the period May to August winds are light to moderate in force with some

strengthening. In the south west monsoon season winds are mainly from directions

between south west and north west. In the period October to December winds blow

from directions between north west and south east in the mornings and between north

and east in the afternoons. In the next four months winds are variable in direction. In

May winds are mostly from directions between west and north.

3.6 AIR ENVIRONMENT

Concentration of Particulate Matter, Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen represent

Air quality. Many sources contribute PM in ambient air like construction activities,

vehicular emissions, industrial process emissions, dust storms etc.

It is an observed fact that PM10 and PM 2.5 levels are higher in dry weather i.e. during

summer and winter seasons. Dust storms generally do not occur. Hence PM

concentrations are within permissible limit.

Burning of Sulphar containing fuels viz, coal, lignite, various types of oils etc. Sulphur

dioxide in atmosphere lead to Higher concentration of SO2 lead to acid rain affecting

the flora whereas, they cause respiratory problems in human beings. Such incidences

are not occurred in the past.




77

High temperature combustion is the key factor of Oxides of Nitrogen in the atmosphere.

Exhaust gases from motor vehicles are also major sources of NOXplays an important

role in formation of photochemical oxidants.

It is thus necessary to monitor the ambient air quality in terms of above said

parameters to establish the background air quality scenario and assess the impact of

project on the scenario before undertaking any activity.

Station Code

Name of the village

Distance from project site (km), Direction

Direction

1 KT weir site Within 2 Lamboti 1.8 SSE 3 Arjunsond 6.0 S 4 Wadwal 2.2 SW 5 Morvanchi 4.8 NE

In view of the revision of national Ambient Air Quality Standards by Central Pollution

Control Board ambient air quality stations were identified and monitored with high

volume sampling apparatus in post monsoon, winter and summer season at Five

locations within buffer zones of the proposed project during Mar. 2014 to Feb.

2015representing entire year.. The sampling locations within 10km radius Shirapur KT

weir are Lamboti, Arjunsond, Wadwal, and Morvanchi

Sampling schedule and air quality parameters

The study was for 3 months with frequency of twice a week at each site. 24-hour

average samples were collected from each station. These samples were analysed in

laboratory by adopting the methods specified in National Ambient Air Quality

Standards. The following parameters were determined for each sample:

Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM or PM 10)

Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5)

Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

- Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

Carbon Monoxide (CO) was monitored for one month. The sampling and testing of

ambient air quality parameters were carried out as per relevant parts of IS 5182.

Methodology

Respirable Particulate Matter (PM 10)




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The sampling of ambient air was performed with Respirable Dust Sampler, which is

primarily a High Volume Sampler fitted with a cyclone separator for pre-separation of

particles larger than 10 microns diameter. Air exiting from the separator is drawn at a

measured rate through the separator followed by a pre-weighed glass fibre sheet of 20

cm x 25 cm sizes (Whatman, EPM-2000). The RPM concentrations are determined

gravimetrically from the average airflow rate, sampling period and the mass of

particulate matter collected over the GF filter surface.

Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5)

The sampling of ambient air was performed with Fine Particulate Sampler for particles

less than 2.5 microns diameter. The PM concentrations are determined gravimetrically

from the average airflow rate, sampling period and the mass of particulate matter

collected over the PTFE filter surface.

Sulphur dioxide

The sampling of ambient air for evaluating SO2 concentrations was performed with a

Multigas Sampler, using the vacuum created by the Respirable Dust Sampler for

drawing the air samples through the impingers. Air is drawn at a measured and

controlled rate of 300 ml/min through a solution of sodium tetra-chloromercurate.

After completion of the sampling, the used absorbing reagent is treated with dilute

solutions of sulfamic acid, formaldehyde and para rosaniline hydrochloride. The

absorbance of the intensely coloured para rosaniline methyl sulphonic acid is measured

and the amount of SO2 in the sample is computed from graphs prepared with standard

solutions. The ambient SO2 concentrations were computed from the amount of SO2

collected and the volume of air sampled.

Oxides of Nitrogen

The sampling of ambient air for evaluating NOx concentrations was performed with a

Multigas Sampler, using the vacuum created by the Respirable Dust Sampler for

drawing the air samples through the impingers. Air is drawn at a measured and

controlled rate of about 300 ml/minute through an orifice-tipped impinger containing

solutions of sodium hydroxide and sodium arsenite. After completion of the sampling,

an aliquot of the used absorbing solution was treated with solutions of H2O2,

sulphanilamide and NEDA. The nitrite ion present in the impinger was calculated from

the absorbance of the resulting solution and from the graphs prepared with standard

solutions. The ambient NOx concentrations were computed from the total nitrite ion

present in the impingers, overall efficiency of the impinger and the procedure, and the

volume of air sampled.

Carbon monoxide




79

The method of determining carbon monoxide is by hand held CO detector tubes.

Standard OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY (concentrations in µg/m3)

Pollutants Standard laid down by CPCB (18/11/2009) Maximum values monitored in study area

Industrial, Residential, Rural and other area

Ecologically Sensitive area (notified by Central Government)

Annual (24 hrs. avg.) Annual (24 hrs. avg.) PM10 60 100 60 100 80.4 PM2.5 40 60 40 60 38.6 SO2 50 80 20 80 19.3 NOX 40 80 30 80 39.3

From the above table it can be concluded that the maximum value of ambient air quality

monitored in the study area exceed the limit laid down by CPCB for only PM10 as the

sampling was carried out at national Highway which has busiest traffic. The

concentrations of SO2 and NOx are considerably low compared to the 80 µg/m3 NAAQS

permissible limit for residential, rural and other areas. The concentrations of PM2.5 are

within limits of 60 µg/m3 as per National Ambient Air Quality Standard.

One PM 10 sample from the site has been analysed for presence of PAH. Particulate

laden PAH sample have been collected on Whatman glass fibre filter (EPM 2000) using

Respirable Dust Sampler at a flow rate of more than one meter cube per minute for a

period of 24 hours. Sample was extracted with toluene using soxhlet extraction

apparatus for about 8 hours. Extracted sample was pooled & concentrated using rotary

evaporator and analysed on gas chromatograph (GC) using capillary column and flame

ionisation detector (FID). The total PAH was found to be below detectable limit.

Sampling location Maps: Maps having sampling locations for Surface water, Ground

water Air sample and Noise Locations were also prepared through GIS.




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At each station, ambient air samples monitored for 24 hour duration were collected at a

frequency of twice a week and analyzed for Particulate Matter(PM10 and PM2.5),

Sulphur dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen. The results of analysis are reported in

Annexure F

3.7 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

A phenomenon to receive excess sound waves of high frequency is ever unwanted. The

word noisedescribes unwanted and unpleasant sound. It can refer to the electronic

signal corresponding to acoustic noise (in an audio system) or the electronic signal

corresponding to the (visual) noise commonly seen as 'snow' on a degraded television

or video image. In signal processing or computing it can be considered data without

meaning; i.e., data that is not being used to transmit a signal, but is simply produced as

an unwanted bye product of other activities. Sound possesses three definite properties;

intensity, frequency and duration. Intensity is the loudness of a sound, or the pressure it

exert through the ear. It is measured in decibels (DB). In assessing noise, a special

measure called “dB”(A) number, the greater is the risk of damage to hearing.

Methodology

For measurement of ambient noise level, a Digital Sound Level Meter was used. The

meter was calibrated with a standard Acoustic calibrator before using in the field. The

measurements were carried out continuously for the 24-hour period to obtain hourly




81

equivalent sound pressure level. From these values, day and night time as well as 24-

hour Leq values were also calculated. The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level,

which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the fluctuating sound measured during

observation period.

Noise level has been checked around 5 locations in study area Shirapur KT weir,

Lamboti, Arjunsond, Wadwal, and Morvanchifor three seasons. The noise level has been

observed presented in theAnnexure J Level equivalent has been calculated from the

observations has been noted from sampling points. The noise level has found in the

range of 50.0-54.3 dBA. The noise levels are below prescribed standard by CPCB.

3.8 SOIL QUALITY

Solapur district lies in Deccan Plateau of South Western Maharashtra and North

Karnatak Plateau, situated in the latitude 17o 51’ north and longitude 75 o 32’ to 75 o

37’ east at an elevation of 480 - 510 m above MSL (AESR 6.1), having semi arid climate.

Solapur district receives 723 mm rainfall annually, which is not well distributed and

annual potential evapotranspiration is 1856 mm resulting in 61 percent deficit. This is a

rain shadow region due to Western Ghats. LGP is 90-120 days. Drought occurs once in

ten years. Topography of this zone is rolling type. The soils exhibit a topo sequence of

very shallow (< 7.5 cm depth) and shallow (7.5 to 22.5 cm depth) soils on ridge,

medium deep (22.5 to 90 cm depth) and deep (> 90 cm) in the valley. Soils are

moderate to highly erodable, low in organic carbon (0.35 to 0.50 %) and total nitrogen

(0.035 to 0.05 %), low to medium in available phosphate (10 to 30 kg / ha P2O5) and

high in available potash (300 to 750 kg/ha K2O). Black soils show swelling and

shrinkage phenomena. Predominantly rabi crops are grown in deep black soils, kharif

and rabi crops in medium black soils and only kharif crops in shallow soils. Water

erosion (51 – 100 % area), with moderate loss of topsoil, medium to high AWC. The

traditional cropping systems in kharif are pearlmillet, setaria, greengram, blackgram,

pigeonpea, sunflower, groundnut, horsegram, mothbean, castor etc. and in rabiare

sorghum, safflower and chickpea. The intercropping systems in kharif are pearlmillet +

pigeonpea, sunflower + maize, castor + clusterbean / ridgegourd and the sequence

cropping systems are blackgram / green gram cowpea rabi sorghum / safflower /s

unflower, pearlmillet / sunflower-chickpea, sorghum (fodder) – chickpea / safflower

(one year rotation), two year rotation: safflower/chickpea-rabi sorghum, rabi

sorghum/ chickpea-safflower etc. ( Ref.: All India Coordinated Research project for

Dryland Agricultre (2007) , Central research institute for dryland Agricultre,

Hydrabad)

The fertility of soil is based on the three elements: nitrogen, phosphorous ( as P2 O 5)

and potassium ( K2O) the nitrogen and phosphorous levels in Solapur and Very low

whereas potassium is on higher side. The soil maps indicating status of Nitrogen,




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phousphorous, potassium, pH, Micronutrient and Electrical conductivity are shown

below. The source of data is GIS Cell, Department of Agricultre Pune.




83

++




84




85

In Solapur district soils are mainly derived from the Deccan trap which is the

predominant rock formation of the district. Calcareous kankar and nodules are

commonly associated with these soils. The soils of the district can be broadly grouped

into three kinds, Kali, or black soils, barad or warse gray soils and Tambdi or reddish

soils. Except in Barshi tahsil where black soil is generally found and course grey soil is

rare in most of the district the soil is either grey or red. In Akklkot tahsil the soil is rich

along the Bhima and Sina basin while elsewhere it is mostly black and fairly good depth

though covered in some places with loose stones.

Fig : Soil sampling site map of 25 km radius area around Project Site

The soil sampling at 24 locations in the command area was carried out and their

analysis is depicted in the Annexure G.

3.9 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Land use pattern

During process of progress, at many places the land cover changes occur giving

information regarding the type of land use and any damage to soil surface in that

region. Identification and periodic surveillance of land use and cover at site and in the

vicinity of any developmental activity is one of the most important aspects of EIA.




86

Land environment chiefly covers the soil quality and hence land use pattern of the area.

Land use studies are aimed at explaining the constant interaction between available

land resources on the one hand and human needs and efforts on the other. The

competition between various types of uses results in scarcity of land. Some land is

better than other land for specific use depending mostly on the physical characteristics

of land to which its suitability for a particular use is related. The land use has mainly

been classified as the Forest Land, Culturable Area, Irrigated Land, Non Culturable Area

and Unirrigated Land. The detail of land use at entire study area is presented in the

Annexure K. Agriculture is mostly of the intensive subsistence type with an emphasis on

the production of food grain. Study of cropping pattern describes the social and

economical pattern of area.

As per records nof 2002-03 of the geographical area of District 2.14 % is forest, 8.15 %

area not available for cultivation, 22.4% area is not under cultivation, 67.64 % area

under cultivation. Of the total cropos 439271 ha is under cerals, 8984 ha under oil

seeds and 61311 ha sugarcane. Of the total area under cultivation 25.75 % is under lift

irrigation scheme.

( Source- District Socioeconomic Survey report)

Land use pattern of Solapur District

No. Type of land use Area in km 2. 1. Agricultural Area 11480 2. Cultivable not in use 380

3. Non-agricultural 690 4. Grass Lands and Herbs 720 5. Forest Cover 350 6. Wastelands 1260

7. Draught prone areas 14844.6




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39%

1%

2%

2%

1%

4%

51%

Agricultural Area

Cultivable not in use

Non-agricultural

Grass Lands and Herbs

Forest Cover

Wastelands

Draught prone areas

The data regarding classification of the total area of the district according to various

heads of land utilization not only reflects the extent of development of agricultural

activities in the district but also the cultivation potential of the area.. Land use pattern

of the command area is presented in Annexure K.

Cropped area: The percentage of total cropped area to total geographical area in the

district was 90.00 in 1971-72, but it varied from taluka to taluka. The gross cropped

area of 11,62,112 hectares in 1971-72, comprised 11,16,489 hectares of net area sown

and 45,623 hectares of area sown more than once, distributed into food-crops and non-

foodcrops. The main foodcrops of the district are jowar, bajri and wheat among cereals;

tur, math and gram among pulses; chillis among condiments and spices and fruits and

vegetables. The main non food crops primarily included cotton among fibers, ground

nut, safflower and sesamum among edible oil-seeds and linseed among non edible oil

seeds. Cropping pattern in year 2010-011 of study area is presented in the Annexure L.(

Source: Solapur District Socioeconomic report 2010-11)

Cropping Pattern

About fourteen cereals are grown in common cultivation in Sholapur district. The

important cereals cultivated in the district comprise jowar, bajri, wheat, maize, rice and




88

barley. Other cereals such as ragi, kodra, vari, sava, bhadli, etc., are grown on small scale

in the district.

Kharif season: There are two main agricultural seasons in the district, viz., kharifand

Rabi. The kharif season commences from the first week of June, i.e., from the first day of

the Mrug Nakshatra and continues up to November-December. The south west

monsoon starts from June which is mainly useful for pre-sowing, preparatory tillage of

the soil. The regular south west rains set in by the fourth week of June and the sowing

operations start with these rains. Special importance is given to sowing of the cotton

crop during the Mrug Nakshatra as it results in good yield. For the kharif crops lands

are ploughed during April and May and preparatory tillage consisting of harrowing is

done before the onset of the monsoon. With the onset of the monsoon, the farmers start

sowing operations. Kharif crops are harvested in the months of November-December.

Due to the uncertainty rains, irrigation is also required to be given to kharif crops

wherevver irrigation facilities are available. The main crops grown in the Kharif season

are cotton, ground-nut, bajri, tur, maize, mug, paddy, etc. in the district.

Name of crop Taluka where crop is grown on large scale Paddy Akkalkot and Barshi. Groundnut Barshi, Akkalkot and South Sholapur. Mohol

Bajri Malshiras, Mangalwedha, Karmala, Pand-harpur and Sangola. Mohol

Cotton Malshiras, Pandharpur and Akkalkot. Tur Barshi, Akkalkot and South Sholapur. Mohol Mug Barshi, Karmala, Akkalkot and Madha. Mohol

Rabi season: This season commences from the middle of October. The land is ploughed

inthe months of October-November for rabiseason. The preparatory tillage such as

harrowing is done before sowing. Sowing of rabicrops begins from the first week of

October. They are sown in non-irrigated fields. The crops in irrigated fields could be

own later. The jowar crop is harvested in the month of January, while wheat and gram

crops are harvested in the month of March. The rabicrops like jowar, wheat and gram

are generally grown as rain-fed crops on a large scale and are irrigated wherever the

irrigation facilities are available.

Name of crop Taluka where the crop is grown on large scale Jowar Throughout the district. Wheat Do. Gram Do. Safflower Do.

Hot-weather crops: Besides the kharif and Rabicrops, hot weather crops are also grown

in the district. The preparatory tillage is completed immediately after the harvest of




89

rabicrops for the sowing of hot-weather crops. The crops like maize, ground nut, etc.,

are sown in the months of March-April. The irrigated cotton crop is also planted in the

month of April, where adequate irrigation facilities are available. Other hot weather

crops such as ground-nut and maize are also grown where adequate irrigation facilities

are available. The other agricultural practices are the same as those for the kharif crops.

The district has a considerably more area under the rabicrops than under kharif crops.

The proportion of kharif and rabiarea is more or less equal in Barshi taluka whereas all

other talukas have a very high proportion of area under the cultivation of rabi crops.

Pulses occupy an important position in the agrarian economy of the district. Next to

cereals they are important as food crops. There are a number of pulses grown in

Sholapur district, the chief among them being tur, math, gram, horse-gram, mug and

udid. The minor ones such as chavali, watana and wal are also grown in the district.

Sugarcane (Oos)is a major garden crop in the district. The cultivation of sugarcane has

been steadily increasing because of the opening of sugar factories in this district and

also due to the availability of increasing irrigation facilities. Sugarcane is mainly an

irrigated crop and is grown all over the district in deep black soils.

Ground nut, safflower, sesame and linseed are the important oil seeds grown in the

district.

Condiments and spices are important cash crops of the district. The principal among

them are chillis, coriander, turmeric and garlic. Cotton and Ambadi (Deccan Hemp) are

the important fibres grown in the district. The common fruits grown in the district are

banana, grape, sweet orange, mango, sour-lime, pomegranate, guava, etc. The principal

vegetables grown in this district are onion, brinjal, sweet potato, carrot, tomato,

fenugreek, lady's finger, radish and cabbage.

STORAGE OF AGRI PRODUCE AND MARKETING

Solapur district has 50 Marketing federation which are regualry carrying purchase of

agri produce from farmers. The district has 43 godowns to store 32000 Mton of grains.

Also godowns from Cooperative society are taken on lease.

3.10 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Amongst all components, water is an equallyimportant natural component, plays a vital

role in the environment structure. The most significant environmental problem and

threat to public health in both rural and urban India is inadequate access to clean

drinking water and sanitation facilities. The surface, ground and rainwater resource

need to be managed in order to preserve and protect the productivity of soil resource

for sustainable crop productivity.




90

Methodology

Samples from surface and ground water sources were collected by adopting grab

sampling. The samples collected in polyethylene sampling bottles. In case of surface

water, sample was collected from a point 12” below the surface.

The physico-chemical quality of water samples were characterized by adopting the

relevant parts of IS:3025, “Standard Methods for Water Analysis” and the parameters

prescribed in IS:10500. For analysis, the samples were brought to JV Analytical

Services, Pune, after addition of proper preservatives.

Fig : Surface water Sampling site map of 25 km radius area a round Project Site




91

Surface water and Ground water resources have been studied for the project to study the

quality of water to evaluate the impact on the water resource. Sampling locations and

analysis details for surface water is given in Annexure H. Besides this ground water

sample from command area were collected and results are reported in Annexure I.

Water quality of KT Weir built on sina river is compared with the water standards given

in IS 17400. It is observed that levels of all parameters in all the samples were below their

respective permissible limits.

Fig: Groundwater sampling site map of 25 km radius area around Project Site

Groundwater quality in the command area is compared with the drinking water

standards IS 10500. It is observed that during monitoring period levels of all the

parameters in all water samples were below their respective permissible limits.

3.11 HYDRO GEOLOGICAL STUDY

Geologically the area is covered by Deccan basalt of the continental tholeiitic province of

India having Cretaceous - Eocene age.(about 55 to 65 million years). Two distinct lava

flows are recognized along with various flow units. The thickness of the various flow units

in the lava flows vary laterally & vertically through out the city area. Due to which the

ground water availability vary. Heterogeneity in the distribution of fracture pattern,

weathering mantle etc. has hindered the movement of groundwater, which has resulted in

separation of water pockets of different dimensions with variable storage. There is no

continuity in groundwater flow mainly at deeper depths. Recharging of upper shallow




92

aquifer during monsoon, takes place. As the stock/storage of water ceases after use, the

groundwater availability is at stake, specially at depths.

In Solapur by electrical resistivity method, three different possible aquifer zones are

investigated. The first one is shallow aquifer met at the depth of around 10 to 20 mts, or

20 to 40 mts. The second one is at deeper depths meeting at either 60 to 80mts. or 80 to

100mts. The third one is at still deeper depth of 120 to130 mts. or 140 to150 mts.

Of these the shallow aquifer is found to get recharged during regular monsoon, while the

other two at depths are normally not recharged and are probably stock waters. Reduction

in percolation quantity and there by in storage due tourbanization, metallic & tarring of

roads, concrete buildings, hardening and packing of grounds etc. caused depletion in

ground water availability. Earlier in 1980 and 1990’s bore wells of about 100’ depth were

sufficient in general for a small unit of 5 to 6 members of family, with daily requirement of

about 500 To 600 liters per day. However with present situations, bores are yielding very

less water or no water or intermittently stock water if is available through weak

percolation, does not full fill the needs. However some bores are with depth of 300’ to

500’, which are tried in different areas by few individuals, contractors, and industrialist

are yielding good waters. However it is found that these are having short duration and a

temporary phase. The success rate of good yield of bores for relatively long duration is

around 4 to 6 %.

However only 5% bores waters are considered usable for drinking purpose as per

Standards i.e.95% are only usable waters.( Source: Study report by Prof. Wadkablakar,

Dayanad College Solapur )

3.12 ECOLOGY

An ecological assessment was conducted in and around the proposed site for assessing

the diversity pattern of the floral species. Faunistic pattern of the area was studied based

on inquiries from the local population, personal observation and forest officials.

The specific aims of the Ecological Assessment component are to provide:

Account of the Flora and Fauna types present within the project area and within 10 km

radius of buffer zone, including significance status under The Wildlife (Protection) Act,

1972, if necessary, recommendations for conservation plan for Schedule I species;

Evaluation and comment on the presence or absence of any at-risk, migratory or

otherwise significant species of flora and fauna of the area;

Assessment and comment on any significant habitats within the project site, including

their contribution to faunal movement corridors;




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FLORA AND FAUNA

Flora in Command area

The trees observed in command area are:

Sr.No. Local Name Botanical Name 1 Ain Terminalia tomentosa, 2 Amba Mangifera indica 3 Anjan Memecylon tinctorium, 4 Anjir Ficus carica 5 Apta Bauhinia racemosa 6 Ashok Jonesia asoca 7 Avla Phyllanthus emblica, 8 Babul Acacia arabica 9 Bakul Mimusops elengi 10 Bel Aegle marmelos 11 Bor Zizyphus jujuba 12 Chandan Sautalum album 13 Chilhari Caesalpinia sepiaria 14 Chinch Tamarindus indicus 15 Dalimb Punica granatum 16 Dhavda Anogeissus latifolia 17 Dikemali Gardenia lucida 18 Erand Ricinus communis 19 Gindhan Cordia rothii 20 Hingan Balanites aegyptiaca 21 Hivar Acacia leucophlcea 22 Jamb Eugenia jambos 23 Jambhul Syzigium jambolanum 24 Karanj Pongamia glabra 25 Karvand Carissa carandus 26 Kavath Feronia elephantum 27 Khair Acacia catechu 28 Limb Azadirachta indica 29 Limbara Heynea trijuga 30 Medshing Spathodea falcata 31 Mendhi Lawsonia intermis 32 Moha Bassia latifolia, naridruk Ficus retusa 33 Naral Cocos nucifera 34 Nimbu Bitens limmoun 35 Palas Butea frondosa 36 Panyara Erythrina indica 37 Parsa pimpal Hibiscus populneoides 38 Pimpal Ficus religiosa 39 Pimpar Ficus comosa 40 Ramphal Anona reticulata 41 Ranbor Zizyphus vulgaris




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42 Ritha Sapindus emarginatus 43 Sag Tectona grandis 44 Salai Boswellia thurifera 45 Saundad Prosopis spicegera 46 Satvin Apocynaceae 47 Shevga Moringa pterygosperma 48 Shevri Bombax malabaricum 49 Shindi Phoenix sylvestris 50 Shiras Albizzia odoratissima 51 Sitaphal Anona squamosa 53 Sontarvad Pomcina pulcherrima 54 Tad Borassus flabelliformis 55 Tarvad Cassia auriculata 56 Umbar Ficus glomerata 57 Vad Ficus indica

No. Local Name Botanical Name SHRUBS & UNDER HERBS 01. Adulasa Adhatoda vasica 02. Aghada Achyyranthus aspera 03. Karwand Cariasa caranda 04. Tarwad Cassua auriculata 05. Neptad Capparis decidus 06. Dudhi Euphorbia rothiana 07. Dhaneri Lantana camara 08. Amoni Rhus mysorensis 09. Mehndi Lawsonia inermis 10. Khatua Antidesma diandrum Roth

11. Karonda Carissa opaca. stapf. Sub family

CLIMBERS 01. Makor Zizyphus oenoplia, Mill 02. Mahul Bauhinia vahlii,

03. Kukandan (Malkangini)

Celastrus paniculata

04. Gunja (Ghughachi) Abrus precatorius GRASSES 01. Bongral Anthistinia ciliate 02. Bhalekusal Andropogon tritioceus 03. Chirca Eragrostis tremula 04. Gondal Andropogon pumilis 05. Harali Cynodon dactylon 06. Kunda Iachaemum pilosum 07. Kusli Andropogon contortus 08. Marwel Andropogon annunlatus 09. Footy Apluda vaira 10. Shimpi Panicum isachne




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Fauna in Command area

Methodology

Ground surveys have been carried out by trekking the study area for identification of

important animal groups such as birds, mammals and reptiles. A linear transect of 1 km

each is chosen for sampling at each site. Each transect was trekked for more than 90

minutes for sampling of animals through the following methods.

For sampling birds ‘point sampling’ along the fixed transects (foot trails) was done to

record all the species of birds with the help of binoculars; field guides and photography

for more than 1 hour on each transect (n=4).

For sampling mammals, ‘direct count on open width (20m) transect’ was used on the

same transects. Besides, information on recent sightings/records of mammals by the

locals was also be collected from the study areas.

Reptiles, mainly lizards, were sampled by ‘direct count on open width transects’.

List of the endangered and endemic species as per the schedule of The Wildlife Protection

Act, 1972.

Emphasis is given to identify avifauna and mammals to determine the presence and

absence of Schedule-1 species, listed in Wildlife Protection Act-1972, as well as in Red

Data Book of IUCN.

Mammles


Jackle Canis aureus Schedule II Part II

Fox Vulpes bengalensis Schedule II Part II

Hare Lepus nigricollis

Deer Cervidae

Moongoose Herpastes edwardsi Schedule II Part II

Reptiles


Lizard Chamaeleonidae

Dhaman P. mucosa

Viper Vipera rusellii Schedule II Part II

Nag Naza Naza Schedule II Part II

Amphibian


Frog Ranatigrina Schedule IV

Toad Bufobufo




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Birds


Great Indian Busterd Ardeotis nigriceps Schedule IPart III

Common Myna Acridotheres trists

Pea fowl Pavo cristatus

Parrot Alexandrine Parakeets

Crow Corvus Schedule V

Sparrow Passeridae

King Fisher Alcedinida, Rafinesque Schedule IV

Titar Francolinus pondicerianus

Myna Acridotheres trists

Koyal Endynamys scolopacea

Holla Strptonelia fransquebarica

Sugran Ploceus philippinus

Tambat Megalaima haemacephala

Robin Saxicoloides fulicatus

Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Schedule IV

Green Bea Eater Merops orientalis

Indian Bushlark Mirafra erythroptera

Ashy-crowned sparrow-

lark

Eremopterix grisea

Rufous Tailed Lark Ammomanes phoenicurus

Southern Grey Shrike Lanius meridionalis

Yellow Wattled Lapwing Vanellus malabaricus

Red necked Falcon Falco chicquera

White eyed buzzard Butastur teesa

Rock bush quail Perdicula argoondah

Barred buttonquail Turnix suscitator

Grey francolin Francolinus pondicerianus

Eurasian collared dove Streptopelia decaocto

Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata

Large grey babbler Turdoides malcolmi

Indian silverbill Lonchura malabarica

Aquatic Fauna


Katla Cyprindiae

Rohu Cyprinidae

Bam Rhynchobdellidae

http://www.avianweb.com/alexandrineparakeet.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashy-crowned_sparrow-lark

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashy-crowned_sparrow-lark




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3.13 SOCIO-ECONOMIC

It is an integral part of an EIA study to assess Socio-economic environment forms. As

regards to baseline environmental data in respect of Demography, Occupational

Structure, Community Services such as Post Offices, Post & Telegraph Offices, Telephone,

Educational and Health Care Facilities, Banks and Co – Operative institutes, social and

Cultural Institutions present command area were collected from Department of Census

operations, Government of India, Department of Statistics and Economics of the

Government of Maharashtra, Village Patwaries, Department of Post and Department of

Health for preparation of existing environmental scenario in respect of these

parameters.The amenities available in the villages under the study area denote the

economic well being of the region. The study area as a whole possesses poor to moderate

level of infrastructural facilities. Details are provided in Annexure L, M N.

Cattles in the district

As per 2007 data 2183169 no. cattle exist. Of this 31.47 % cow and Bull, 18.76% Buffalo

and Hebuffalo, 48.66 Goat and Sheep and 8.21 others.

Milk Society

There are about 3687 Milk cooperative society which are attached to District and

Shivamrut Milk Producers society. There are 22 cold storage Centers in the district having

capacity 850 thousand liters.

Veternary Hospitals

There are 6 veternary Hospitals. In nother parts of district 120 veternary Clinics and 85

first aid centers.

(Source- Distirct Socioeconomic Report )

INDUSTRIES

Solapur is a prominent centre of cotton textile industry since the third quarter of the

nineteenth century, and the district ranks fourth as regards industrialization in the State.

Presently there exist eight cotton textile mills, and a number of small units to produce bed

covers. The jacquard chaddars (bed covers) produced at Sholapur are very famous all

over Maharashtra. Apart from modern textile mills, Sholapur is a congenial home of the

handloom weaving industry which provides employment to a considerable number of

workers. Fourteen large scale factories and 870 small scale factories are engaged in the

district.

Next to cotton textile industry, sugar sector has progressed a congenial home in parts of

the district. As a matter of fact the sugar industry occupies a very important position in

the industrial landscape as also the general economy of the district. The sugar factories

are concentrated in the areas of Akluj, Malshiras, Malinagar, Chitalenagar and Akkalkot.




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These areas which formerly suffered from the occurrence of frequent famines, are now

reverberating with economic prosperity.

Cottage industries occupy an important place in the economy of the district since times

immemorial to provide a source of livelihood to numerous artisans and craftsmen who

were well known for their skill and workmanship. The village craftsmen catered to the

needs of the community in respect of various agricultural implements, domestic articles,

furniture, clothing, footwear and a variety of articles of daily use and luxury goods. The

chief crafts in Sholapur in the past were yarn dyeing, hand-loom weaving of cotton cloth

and woolen blankets, spinning, oil pressing, and working in gold and silver, copper and

brass, iron, stone, earth, wood and leather. The hand-loom weaving at Sholapur had

earned a great reputation in western India. Indigo dyeing and printing was an important

industry which attracted buyers from the large part of the then Bombay state. However,

with the advent of machine made goods the demand for the handicrafts and village

industries declined to such an extent that hundreds of craftsmen had to face

unemployment or under employment. This had an adverse impact on the economic

condition of the craftsmen who were forced to take resort to agricultural labour.

Govt. consideredproblems of underemployment of the village craftsmen and artisans

during the post independence period, with the result that efforts aremade to ameliorate

their economic lot. The new measures comprise organization of co-operative societies of

artisans, providing financial help to them and encouraging adoption of improved tools

and methods of production. The co-operatives are in fact a great boon upon which the

artisans look with great hope and as a means of improvement of their economic lot. The

co-operatives also help the artisans by undertaking sale of the produce which by itself is

very beneficial to the artisans. Besides Sholapur, the other prominent centers of this

industry in the district are Sangola, Karkamb, Valsang, Jawale, Wagdari, Tolnur and

Karjagi. Oil-ghanis are concentrated mainly at Solapur, Pandharpur, Barshi, Karmala,

Akluj, Mohol and Vairag. However, they are found in every town and large village. Besides

ghanis, oil extraction is done on a considerable scale in oil-mills in the district.

From edible oil-seeds like ground-nut, sesamum and safflower as well as from non-edible

oil-seeds like karanji and castor seed oil is extracted, extraction of oil from ground-nut

and safflower is done on a larger scale. Besides the local produce in the district, oil-seeds

are pirchased from Bijapur and Gadag.Bidi making is one of the most important cottage

industries in the district. It provides a subsidiary source of income to a considerable

number of persons. Tobacco and leaves are the main raw materials required by the

industry.

Kumkum making is carried on at Pandharpur and Kem and is mainly in the hands of a few

persons who engage workers for making kunkum powder. The grinding of turmeric

(halad)is done by women and cleaning and other operations are done by males. The

industry is concentrated at Pandharpur probably because of the religious importance of

this place of pilgrimage.




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Fishing activities in the district are restricted to inland water sources such as rivers,

Weirs and ponds. The total length of the perennial rivers in the district is about 740 km.

Besides this, there are also twenty Weirs and ponds which provide about 20,000 acres of

water spread area, which is not quite adequate for large scale development of

pisciculture.

The commercially important varieties of fish found in the district are: Kirkit or Shinghala,

Murrel, Shivda (Pahadi or Daku), Chamar or Chalat, Pal or Dandaonya, Khavlya, Khaval,

Kolshi, Zinga, Boi, Kalundar, Kharadi and Muri. These varieties are, however, not of a fast-

growing type. Under the Five-Year Plan schemes, quick-growing “Bengal Carps“are

stocked annually in the perennial water Weirs for propagation of pisciculture. The

varieties stocked are "Catta Catla ", Rohu and Mrigal. The co-operative societies of

fishermen have helped to improve the financial position of the poor fishermen. The co-

operative societies are given financial assistance in the form of loans and subsidy by the

Govt. They are also helped to secure Weirs and ponds for developing pisciculture.

Land use / Land cover Study using Remote Sensing and GIS

RemoteSensingandGISStudy

Remote Sensing is a process of identification and demarcation of various earths’ objects

from a distance without directly coming into contact with them. Remote sensing is largely

concerned with the measurement of electromagnetic radiation from the sun, which is

reflected, scattered, and emitted by the objects on the surface of the earth. Different

objects on the surface of the earth reflect different amounts of the

electromagnetic spectrum. The potential of remote sensing in natural resources mapping

basically depends on spatial, radiometric and temporal resolution of the sensor. Thus the

satellite remote sensing with its capability of repetitive coverage, multi-spectral imaging,

synoptic view and low cost can play an important role in the delineation of various

classes.

Land cover is a fundamental parameter describing the Earth’s surface. This parameter is a

considerable variable that impacts on and links many parts of the human and physical

environments. Remote sensing technique has ability to represent of land cover categories

by means of classification process. With the availability of multispectral remotely sensed

data in digital form and the developments in digital processing, remote sensing supplies a

new prospective for land-cover/land-use analysis. Geographical Information Systems

have already been used for assessing environmental problems, since they provides a

flexible environment and a powerful tool for the manipulation and analysis of spatial

information for land cover feature identification and the maps of all variables were

combined to extract information to better understand analyzing. Satellite remote sensing,

in conjunction with geographic information systems, has been widely applied and been

recognized as a powerful and effective tool in analyzing land cover/use categories This

study made use of remotely sensed data and GIS technologies; to evaluate qualitatively




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and quantitatively outcome project site land cover/use distribution. Obtained results

were compared, visualized and analyzed, in Geographic Information System.

The study area is proposed Project site is covered in survey of India Toposheet no.

47O/09, 47O/10, 47 O/13 and 47 O/14 of 1:50,000 scale. The project site is having

latitudes 17047’55.81”N and Longitude 75045’3.67”E.

Software and Hardware

Satellite Data: LandSat 8 cloud free data has been used for Landuse /landcover analysis.

Satellite Sensor – Landsat 8

Path and Row – Path 146, Row 48 Resolutions - 30 m. Date of Pass: 24/11/

2014 and 10th April 2014

Ancillary Data:

PC based GIS and image-processing softwares are used for the purpose of image

classification and for delineating drainage and other features in the study area. Number of

peripheral devices such as scanner, plotter, printer etc. has also been interfaced with the

system.

Objectives:

Delineation of Landuse/ Landcover categories on the 1:50,000 scale for the whole study

area.




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Generation of digital cartographic database using secondary data source

Fig.1.Toposheetof 10 kmradiusareaaroundProjectSite.

Methodology:-

The multispectral data obtained from sensors, due to its synoptic view and revisit

capability, can effectively be used for continuous monitoring of land surface. The spatial,

spectral and radiometric resolutions are the three primary factors in the estimation of

various landuse/landcover classes.

The satellite data is then taken into a hard disk and then converted in the standard false

colour composite by assigning blue, green and red to green, red and near infrared band

respectively. Image enhancement has been done by the technique called histogram

stretching between the ranges of 0-255, as the data content is 8-bit. Applying formulae

derived by modeling the sources of distortions in order to correct the systematic

distortions such as earth curvature carried out rectification and registration of satellite

data. The random distortions were corrected using well distributed ground control points

occurring in raw data. To achieve planimetric accuracy, the remote sensing scene was

rectified with respect to SOI maps on 1: 50,000 scales. The GCP’s in the scene such as rail

road intersections, corners of water reservoirs, bunds, etc. were identified on the image

as well as on the reference map. Third order model was constructed and finally

registration of image was carried out with nearest neighborhood resampling taking map

as reference and one map registration was achieved.




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Fig.2.SatelliteImageof25 kmradiusareaaroundProjectSite.

Fig.3.SatelliteImageof25 kmradiusareaaroundProjectSite.




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Then the subset of images have been taken according to the boundary of the study area.

The digital classification technique has been used for the extraction of the

landuse/landcover information from the imagery. Eight different landuse/landcover

classes have been identified in the area under study. Table No. 1 shows the information

about the extent of landuse/landcover classes in the study area.

Landuse/ Landcover Classes Details:

Satellite data was classified using supervised classification technique. Maximum

likelihood algorithm classifier was used for the analysis. The scenes were individually

classified and then were integrated to get a composite classified output where

information from Rabi season is available. A truth table was generated taking 0.95 as the

conversion threshold. After aggregation, the final classified output was converted in

raster format. The image was then converted in raster format, which is understood by GIS.

Eight landuse/landcover classes have been identified in total 25 km radius area around

the project Site. The area under each class has been calculated and given below.




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Table1:Landuse/Land coverStatisticsofthe25 km radiusArea.

Figure 1:Landuse/Land coverStatisticsofthe25 km radiusArea.

05

1015202530354045

Percentage of Landuse & Landcover

Rabi

Kharif

LULC Rabi Kharif

Water 0.745479 0.30863

Agriculture (Current) 41.44248 31.63683

Agriculture (Sowing

Stage) 30.85974 38.69546

Agriculture (Plowed

fields) 1.37612 1.833727

Open Shrub 14.26028 18.17835

Shrubs 8.126716 4.926813

Barren 1.412413 2.185112

Built-up 1.751701 1.751701




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Fig.4.Landuse/landcovermapof25 kmradiusareaaroundProjectSite .(Kharif Season)

Fig.5.Landuse/landcovermapof25 kmradiusareaaroundProjectSite (Rabi Season)




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Digital Cartographic Database preparation in GIS

GIS is an integrated information system having capability to capture, store, edit,

manipulate, analyze and retrieve all types of spatial and non-spatial information about a

particular area. The advent of electronics and computing techniques coupled with the

development of GIS has increased the potential of creating and maintaining databases

using geographical space as the key field. The database can be used for speedier

monitoring, assessment, planning, and management of various aspects of natural

resources.

Comprehensive GIS based database was generated for the study area that comprises of

the following data sets. Resource data such as landuse from remote sensing data, soil map,

geology, water bodies, surface and ground water sampling locations, drainage and

Contour

The methodology used for database preparation involves the following steps

Data Input

The function of data input is to convert the existing data from one into another that can be

used in GIS. Georeferenced data are commonly provided as maps, satellite images, and

associated attributes.

Drainage Map:-

Drainage layer, which was generated after scanning the thematic manuscripts, was

edited for line the errors. Two different layers were made separately for line drainage was

increase by one. The study area has an order of fourth. Drainage order was given to all the

drain lines in the layer‘s. Strahler method of ordering was used for giving order to

drainage. Whenever two drains of any order joined the order of next drain attribute to

drainage layer. All the water bodies and river with sufficient width were put in polygon

layer.

The area shows not much of undulating topography thus it shows the Dendritic drainage

patterns.




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Fig 11:Drainage mapof25 kmradiusareaaroundProjectSite.

Elevation/ Contour :-

Thematic manuscript for contour layer was generated from Survey of India toposheet of

1:50,000 scales they have been rectified to the WGS84 datum and then projected to UTM-

43 North zone also used for generation of contour map. After scanning coverage was

generated. Coverage was edited to remove all errors of dangle. Attribute value was given

to each contour in the coverage.




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Fig 12: Contour map of25 kmradiusareaaroundProjectSite.

Fig 13: Elevation map of25 kmradiusareaaroundProjectSite.




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Slope: ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA has been used to produce slope map

of the project site.

Fig.14: Slope map of 25 km radius area around project site.

Command Area Map: -

Command area map has been acquired from the irrigation department. The manuscript

layer was scanned to produce soft copy. Then it was geo-referenced with the help of

Survey of India toposheet of 1:50,000 scale. A standard digitization procedure has been

adopted to produce the command area map of the project site. Errors were removed after

editing the layer.




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Fig 15: Command areamapof25 kmradiusareaaround project site

Fig.7. Village map of KT Weir LIS project, Solapur.




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CHAPTER 4

ENVIRONMENTIMPACT PREDICTION

AND MITIGATION




112

Proposed projects bring about some changes in environment leading to specific effects

called impact. It can be looked with a view of Newton’s 3rd law of motion stating equality

of action and reactions. "Environmental Impact" can be described as any change of

environmental conditions / creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or

beneficial effects, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration.

Impact assessment identifies and appraises various impacts due to the proposed project.

In general, the environmental impacts have 2 categorized, primary or secondary. Primary

impacts are attributed directly by the project, secondary impacts are indirectly induced

and typically include the associated investment and changed patterns of social and

economic activities by the proposed action.

The potential environment impacts due to proposed project.

The activities of land acquisition, construction, operation and maintenance stages of the

project life cycle pose potential for environmental and social impacts. The identified

significant adverse impacts will form the basis for development of Environmental Action

Plan to be implemented for mitigation. The potential environmental impacts of various

activities pertaining to project components during pre construction, construction and

operation phase of the project are elaborated in the following sub sections.


The activities for rising main, pump houses etc involve land excavation, drilling, blasting

etc. these activities causes impact on environment.

4.1.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

Air environment is a key factor of health and hygiene, great care is needed while assessing

air environment quality. Air quality will be slightly affected by the proposed activities.

The construction activities will involve causes to increase level of some of the air

pollutant present in the air. Emissions from concrete mixers, earth excavation, loading

unloading operations during construction activities pose potential impacts on air quality

as increase in PM level in the ambient on temporary basis. Vehicular movements during

construction phases will another major factor which also increases SPM level majorly.

Due to the vehicular exhaust the SO2, NOx, CO emission will increase, But the amount of

the factors are negligible.

Power requirement is another important factor at the time of construction. Major amount

of power during the construction activities will be fulfilled by State Electricity Board. Up

to some extent where power supply will be restricted by the major source, up to some

extent DG set will be used. The 2 X 500 KVA DG set will be used. The emission from these

DG sets will be depending on the quality and composition of the fuel. Emissions of

potential pollutants NOx and SO2 slightly increase by the operation of DG sets.




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The predominant wind direction during study period is in West direction. The Increase in

all the above mention pollutants due to the activities will be controlled up to the

prescribed CPCB standards.

4.1.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

It is an unbearable acoustic phenomenon. The noise term is considered as the increase in

noise level above than hearing capacity, affecting human to a very large extent. Due to the

loud noise the hearing ability of a person may be damaged. It is a serious factor to

consider. The two major categories of noise generating sources are divided in to static and

dynamic sources.

The static sources include the construction equipment such as concrete mixture, DG sets,

cranes, & all heavy machinery. The noise levels were measured near to the sources. It is

expected that construction activities will involve noise generation above 90-dB (A). The

sound pressure level generated by a noise source decreases with increasing distance from

the source due to wave divergence. Noise attenuation with respect to distance in all

directions over horizontal distance can be given by the following equation:

Sound level dB(A) = Lw - 20 log10 R-8

Where Lw = Sound level of source, dB(A)&

R = Source distance, m

The noise levels have been predicted at the 100m, 200m and 500m. The noise levels are

predicted considering all the static equipment present at the construction site. The noise

levels at 100m is 65 dBA , at 200m it is 60 dBA and at the distance of 500m it is around 50

dBA has been predicted. The increase in noise levels at the nearest habitation which is

around 1 km away from the construction site is about 1-2 dBA. The noise levels near to

the construction equipment may be controlled by using latest technology as acoustic

enclosure or the labours who are working near to the equipment should be provided the

Personal Protected Equipment (PPEs), which are earplugs, ear muffs etc.

Vehicular movement is next activity of noise source at the construction site. Noise due to

vehicular movement will be intermittent and will be restricted to project component

locations as new roads proposed to be constructed will be dedicated to the project only at

least during the construction phase. The 20-30 no of heavy vehicles, 50-70 no of small

vehicles are running at the site. The noise generation has been derived from the no of

vehicles and the rate of transportation. The noise level due to vehicle will increase 1-2

dBA at the ambient level.

Occupational Health Hazards of Noise Pollution




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The noise levels in many situations would be above TLV. Exposure to noise levels, above

TLV, has been found to have detrimental effect on the workers' health. During

construction phase workers engaged for more than 4 to 4.5 hours per shift in high noise

generating areas would be greatly affected, unless suitable mitigation measures are taken.

The adverse effects of high noise levels on exposed workers may result in Annoyance,

Fatigue, Temporary shift of threshold limit of hearing; Permanent loss of hearing; and

Hypertension and high blood pressure , etc. Noise pollution poses a major health risk to

the workers. When noise in the form of waves impinges the eardrum, it begins to vibrate,

stimulating other delicate tissues and organs in the ear. If the magnitude of noise exceeds

the tolerance limits, it is manifested in the form of discomfort leading to annoyance and in

extreme cases to loss of hearing. Detrimental effects of noise pollution are not only related

to sound pressure level and frequency, but also on the total duration of exposure and the

age of the person.


Hydrology

It is to be considered with utmost care which is the real source of water to the crops as

well as to the natural vegetation. The construction of canal diverts the direction of water

towards the identified irrigable area. This may cause the minor decrease in water level of

the major stream. The hydrology depends on the physiographic situation and drainage

condition of the area. Adequate bunding (check wall) arrangement would avoid

submerging of flat areas during construction phase. The magnitude of the impact is a

function of the ecosystems affected, particularly its aquatic biology, and the length of

river/streams with diminished flow .Thus, it is anticipated that there will be minor impact

on the land in the vicinity.

Impact on Water Quality

The proposed activity will not affect the water quality directly. Construction of canal will

be carryout out away from the water body. The construction activity will require water

for the construction purpose.

Domestic and construction activities wastewater discharges can pose significant impact, if

discharged untreated.

The above mentioned wastewater if discharged untreated will have significant impact on

water quality of local water body, therefore, warrants prior treatment such as septic tank

followed by soak pit will be provided




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Impact on Land use

Proposed project will affect the landuse pattern of the area. The canals will be constructed

on the fallow land of the region. Due to this project some private land will be occupied.

The landuse will be affected positively due to proposed project. The irrigation facility will

increase the agricultural area of the region. The additional irrigable area will be

developed due to the project is about 10000 ha. During construction and post

construction phases, there will be induced change in landuse due to change in economic

condition of the villagers and demand of various daily need requirements by families of

construction employees. It is estimated that there will be peak labour requirement with

their family members, requiring their daily need items from the nearby markets. These

factors will improve the economic conditions of the people in the vicinity but will have

adverse impact on expected changes in land-use of the area.

Impact on Topography

The construction activities of various project components as rising main, canals and pump

houses are expected to result in moderate, adverse and permanent impacts on local

topography and geology of the project area during construction phase of the project. The

drilling, cutting and quarrying operation needs to be optimized using advance techniques

so that their impacts are minimized. It is expected that adequate measures will be

undertaken to maintain stability of the prevailing geological structures in the project

component areas.

Impact on Soil Erosion/ Sedimentation

Impact on soil will be localized in the area surrounding the project components. Small

area is likely to remain exposed and will be subject to soil erosion due to change in

landuse and local drainage pattern. Another impact on soil will be during construction

period as there will be contamination with dust and surface run-off.

Solid Waste Disposal

The construction material will be required for various structures. Generally such

materials are collected from quarry. It is expected that earthwork will be carried out

during project construction. 1211 thousand cum soil will be excavated out of which

entire quantity will be utilized for service path for rising main of stage I and II as well as

for bank work of canal system, physically no quantity surplus quantity will be remained at

site.

Mitigation measures include careful planning and selection of borrow pits, timing of cut

and fill operations and re-vegetation campaigns. In general construction works are




116

stopped during monsoon seasons. The disposal of solid waste as a fill material will have

impact on local land use. The present land-use of land proposed for muck disposal is

waste land. Proper attention is required for stabilization of the dump by proper net slope

stabilization and rehabilitation of the surface by adding soil and growth of grass of local

region suitable to merge with the local land use.

4.1.5 Bio-logical Environment

The project will occupy the agricultural land of the region for construction of canal to

extend the project. This will have impact on the biological environment of the area. Few

trees like su-babul, neem, cassia etc common species will be cut to construct the canal.

The animal habitation disturbance due to the construction activity is negligible. The trees

should be planted at the different location near the site.

The command area falls in Great Indian Bustard wild life sanctuary. Therefore

construcution activity will have negative impact on Maldhok Birds. The mitigation

measure suggested by NBWL will be followed and detailed in separate chapter 12

4.1.6 Socio – Economic Environment

The socio-economic study has been carried out at the study area. The beneficial impact

will occur due to the proposed project. During construction phase the local people will get

the job opportunity and small business opportunity required for the project. As regards

to land acquisition the some land from the farmers not located in the command area will

be acquired. From the survey it is found that no body is going to be landless. Hence due to

this project economic loss to the farmers is although not substantial it may be loss of

their land.

4.2 OPERATION PHASE


No construction activities of direct effect on the air quality of the region will be there after

creation of canals. Thus, there will no impact on environment during operation phase.

Impacts on air quality during post construction phase will be mainly due to vehicular

traffic movement connecting network of roads with various project components will be

insignificant. Hence there is no threat to surroundings and ecology.

4.2.2 Noise Environment

Its generation will be due to pump houses during operation period, controlled by keeping

proper curtains to pumps in noise resistant cabins. Other than that, no running activities

will be held after construction, so noise level also will be not affected at operation phase.




117


It will not affect directly in operation phase. In fact project will have positive impact on

the respective water environment, as local water requirement will be completed.

The increase use of pesticide and fertilizer with intensified irrigation can lead to ground

water pollution. The modern irrigation systems like drip irrigation or fertigation will have

hardly any impact on environment, may raise energy consumption and lessen

employment in agriculture.habitats both within and alongside canals are particularly rich,

often supporting a high diversity of species. Broad changes to low flows (±20%) will alter

micro habitats of which wetlands are a special case. It is particularly important to identify

any endangered species and determine the impact of any changes on their survival. Such

species are often endangered because of their restrictive ecological requirements

The ecology of estuaries is sensitive to the salinity of the water, may be determined by the

low flows. Saline intrusion into the estuary will also affect drinking water supplies and

fish catches. At the same time it may also create breeding places for anopheline vectors of

malaria that breed in brackish water.

Water Logging:

In the long term, one of the most common problems of irrigation schemes is water

logging. But in this case, due to deep water table apro 50-60 m and inspite of black cotton

soil the chances of water logging are very rare.

Toxic Substances:

Higher concentration of dissolved salt crossing the TLV istoxic. In irrigation schemes

pesticides are most common source of toxic substance. They are toxic to plants, birds, fish,

mammals and human. Consistent uses of chemicals area threat to both aquatic and eco

systems. The organophosphorous and Organochlorine e.g DDT, dieldrin and Endosulfan

are hazardous to aquatic environment and transported and concentrate in food chain.

Agrochemical Pollution:

In effective farming a high nutrient level is always necessary. The use chemical fertilizers

may result in an excess of nutrients which can cause problems in water bodies and to

health. Nitrates are highly soluble and therefore quickly reach water bodies. High levels of

nitrate can cause health problem in children and may upset their stomach. Phosphates are

fixed to soil particles and thus reach water courses during soil erosion. Phosphate

saturated soils and high phosphate levels tend to pollute groundwater.

A high nutrient level is toxic to aquatic life and increases rates of algae growth tending to

decrease the oxygen level of the water and thus leads to the suffocation of fish and other

aquatic biota. Clear water enhances the effect as it enables increased photosynthesis to




118

take place; reservoirs and slow moving water are thus most at risk. Some algae produce

toxins, and if deoxygenation is severe, eutrophic conditions occur.

A high level of organic pollution in reservoirs, including human waste, provides an ideal

habitat tobreed culicine mosquitos transmitting filariasis.


During operation phase there will no activities. The land acquired by rising main, pump

houses and canals will change permanent topography of the area. The impact due to

project will be positive on land environment also, the agricultural land will increase. The

agro-base industry will be promoted at the region. The increase of agriculture may affect

land indirectly by using pesticides and fertilizer. This may cause problem for the land

fertility. The phosphate may increase the soil quality.

When vegetative cover is reduced soil erosion rates are greatest. There are a wide range

of management and techniques available to minimize and control erosion. For erosion to

take place, soil particles need to be first dislodged and then transported by either wind or

water. Both actions can be prevented by erosion control techniques which disperse

erosive energy and avoid concentrating it. For example, providing good vegetative cover

will disperse the energy of rain drops and contour drainage will slow down surface

runoff.

4.2.5 Biological Environment

During operation phase the number of trees and vegetation will be more in the region

which will be beneficial for the ecology of the area. To mitigate impact on Maldhok birds

the cropping pattern suggested by NBWL will be followed. Farmers will be instructed not

plant trees and will be encouraged to take grass crops or drawf crops.

4.2.6 Socio-Economic Impacts

The most significant beneficial impact due the project is more employment generation

due agro based industry and subsequent development of the area. The increase in crop

yield will add to food security and fodder will enhance wealth of cattle in the area.

Skilled and semi skilled categories of workers will have job opportunities, will uplift their

present status. In view of heavy machinery etc. potential for skilled categories such as

mechanics, turners, fitters helpers workshops will increase besides improvement of

business activities as well as floating population in the township which is one of the

positive impacts due to the project.

The major purpose to irrigate agriculture is to provide facilities and water supply to the

area where the water supply is scarce or not enough for agricultural purpose. This may

improve the economic and social well being of the area of the project. Irrigation schemes




119

achieve this objective by paying more attention to the social and economic structure of

the project area.The project will not have any impact on homestead land or residential

structures, hence no physical resettlement is envisaged.

IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH

Diseases related to water have been classified as water borne diseases or water washed

diseases. Even water resources have environmental health impacts. e.g. chemicals added

to control pest to water. These chemicals result in toxic effect in human beings. The

greatest health hazards, spreading of Malaria since the Anapheline mosquito vector has

potential to proliferate in the reservoir. Cholera, gastroenteritis and Filarasis is endemic.

Health risk includes potential disease hazards due to lack of hygienic/sanitation (water

supply and human waste disposal), vector and water borne diseases. Incidences of

Malaria, Dengue, Jaundice, Dysentery etc.may be there in and around the project area.

With the development of project, potential health risks would also grow if left unchecked.

Mitigation measures include proper sanitary health care and better human waste disposal

facilities. Sanitation facilities are included in the project estimate to take care of cost to be

borne towards human waste disposal facilities.

Mitigation measures include physical, chemical and biological measures. Physical

measures include draining area with standing water, clearing of vegetation from water

channel and manipulating water levels. The use of molluscicides is chemical measures.

The use of predator species that would eat the secondary host snails is biological means.

The use of Gappi fish (larva eating fish) to reduce mosquitos is also planned.

INCOME TO LOCAL PEOPLE

Agro forestry is defined as a sustainable land management system increasing the yield of

the land, combines the production of crops, including trees, forest plants or animals or

both. The basic objective to grow forestry is to increase biomass, soil conservation, and

agro based industries. Bamboo, Mango, Karanj,Deshi Badam and Neam plantation with

the help of women’s Self help groups or bachat gats will fetch good income and oil for

generation of power.

The consumptive nature of irrigation, means that, some change to the local hydrological

regime will occur when new schemes are constructed and, to a lesser extent, when old

schemes are rehabilitated.




120

CHAPTER 5

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ANALYSIS




121

Assessment of the impact of the proposed project activity is a combined work and needs

better understanding of salient features of environment.Many factors in environment can

cause better as well as adverse effects on the environment. Any single factor may cause

serious changes in the environment, when its effects are added to those of other projects,

i.e. cumulative effects theimpacts of the environment may be severe and serious. The

potential for cumulative impacts must be identified and in some cases, this may be

possible only at the intra agency level. These cumulative impacts at a program cover

many projects or activities.

A preliminary assessment will inform the possible impact areas on which detailed data

has to be collected to present the results of the preliminary assessment will attempt to

answer the impacts on physical / health Hazard, economic interest of the existing

communities, impact on infrastructure, and future growth pattern in the region for next

20 years. The overview of impact assessment methodologies is presented here under.

5.1 METHODOLOGIES FOR IMPACT ANALYSIS

Overlay Method

This method basically displays graphically the types of impacts; impacted areas and their

relative geographic allocations by superimposing allocations by superimposing a map of

base line conditions on another map depicting impacted environmental characteristics.

Checklist Method

This method combines a list of potential impact areas that needto beconsidered in the

environmental impact assessment process with an assessment of individual impacts.

However this method does not provide for the establishment of direct cause to effect links

to various project activities and does not include an overall interpretation of collective

environmental impacts.

Network Method

This method starts with a list of project activities or actions and then generates because

condition effect network i.e. chain of events. The method attempts to recognize primary,

secondary and tertiary effects so that all impacts are identified. An impact of tree

formulation as above present difficulties to achieve degree of details necessary for

decision making. If all environment changes are described in details and all possible

interrelationships included, the resulting impact network could be too extensive and

complex to be really useful.

Matrix Method

It basically incorporates a list of project activities or actions with checklist of

environmental conditions or characteristics which might be affected. Combining these




122

lists as horizontal and vertical axis for a matrix allows the identification of cause effect

relationship between specific activities and impacts. The entries of matrix may be

qualitative or quantitative estimates of this cause effect relationship.

Quantitative approach estimation is performed by a relative weighing scheme for

different attributes leading to a total impact score. This enables one to judge

comparatively various alternatives from total environmental impact considerations.

The evaluation is subjective as some impacts are more important than others.

Nevertheless, it is the best method among the different alternatives available.

The detail and user friendly checklist is an invaluable aid for several activities of an EIA,

"The ICID Environmental Check List to Identify Environmental Effects of Irrigation,

Drainage and Flood Control Projects" (Mock and Bolton, 1993) is recommended for use in

any irrigation and drainage EIA. The detailed impact analysis and form the curse of the

environmental impact assessment one has to use a checklist method for identifying the

possible impact during and after the completion of the proposed project. The check list

includes modification of regime, land transformation and construction, resource

extraction, processing, land alternation, resource renewal, changes in traffic, waste

replacement and treatment, chemical treatment and accident has to be assessed. This

comprehensive and user friendly checklist is invaluable aid for several activities of EIA,

particularly scoping and defining baseline studies. The check list has been prepared for

non specialist and enables much time consuming work to be carried out in advance of

expert input. It includes extensive data collection sheets. The collected data can then be

used to answer a series of questions to identify major impacts and identify shortage of

data. The result sheet from the checklist is reproduced in the following table.

5.2 Check List Method

Parameter Very Positive Impact

Positive Impact Possible

No Impact

Negative Impact Possible

Negative Impact Very

No Judgment Possible

A ground water hydrology rise of water table

No Yes - No No --

Pollution Solute Dispersion

No No - Yes No --

Soil No No No Yes No -- Sediment - - - - - Yes Ecology Water Body, Animal Migration Surrounding area

-- Yes -- -- --




123

Socioeconomic Income, Use involvement Recreation

Yes -- - -- -- --

Health Water and Sanitation

- -- -- Yes -- --

Health Nutrition Yes -- -- -- -- -- Imbalance Pests and Weeds

- -- -- Yes -- --

Noise and Vibration

- - No - - -

Farming Yes - - - - - Communication Yes - - - - - Rare and Endangered species lost

- - Yes - -

5.3Matrix method

Leopold Impact Matrix is the most widely used technique; however, it has an associated

disadvantage of subjective valuation of certain impacts. Therefore, the improved

“Modified Matrix” method has been used in this report which involves establishment of

cause-effect relationship. This method involves assignment of “Parameter Importance

Value” (PIV) against each environmental impact parameter. These values are determined

by subjective judgment considering the relative importance or significance of individual

parameter. After deciding on PIV, these values have to be distributed among all the cause

effect relationships established between the affected environmental parameters and the

related project activities by means of indices which are called “Relative Parameter

Importance Indices” (RPII). The sum of all the indices should be equal to unity. The value

of RPII is decided based on the relative importance of cause-effect relationship and the

most important one is given highest RPII value and the subsequent impact parameters are

assigned RPII values in the descending order. Another index which is to be determined for

each cause effect relationship is called “Environmental Impact Index” (EII). The scale for

EII varies from zero to one. The value “1” is assigned to an impact of highest order and “0”

is assigned to an impact of negligible magnitude. For adverse impacts, EII carries a

negative sign, and for beneficial impacts it carries positive sign. For determining the value

of EII, the environmental impact parameters are divided into two categories, A & B.

Category “A” includes those impact parameters whose quality varies linearly with the

magnitude of impact related to the project activities and includes:

Hydrology & Hydrogeology (Surface & groundwater resources);

Land use, Topography and soil characteristics;

Socio-economic aspects including cultural and tourism aspects; and




124

Category “B” includes those impact parameters whose quality varies logarithmically with

the magnitude of the impacts and includes:

Water Quality;

Air quality;

Noise Quality;

Ground vibrations;

Health and sanitation

Safety including road safety due to increase in traffic;

Flora;

Fauna;

Aquatic Biology and Fisheries; and

Natural Hazards

In the latter case, a slight change in impact magnitude will have insignificant change in

environmental quality, but as the magnitude increases, the deterioration in quality

increases logarithmically. The basis for determining EII for Category A and Category Bare

given in Tables &respectively.

Table 5.3: Determination of EII for Category “A” Parameters

No. Impact Magnitude

in % change

EII

1 No change 0

2 0-4.9 0.05

3 5-14 0.1

4 15-24.9 0.2

5 25-34.9 0.3

6 35-44.9 0.4

7 45-54.9 0.5

8 55-64.9 0.6

9 65-74.9 0.7

10 75-84.9 0.8

11 85-94.9 0.9

12 > 95 1.0




125

Table 5.4: Determination of EII for Category “B” Parameters

After determining EII for each cause-effect relationship, the same will be multiplied with

RPII to get “Weighted Environmental Impact Index” (WEII). These values are once again

multiplied with PIV and addition of all these values gives the impact score for that

particular environmental parameter. The impact score so obtained for all impact

parameters is added together to get total impact score. This total impact score is used for

interpretation and decision making. Details regarding the PIV, RPII, EII, specific to the

proposed project are described in the following sections, which are followed by the

analysis and evaluation of potential environmental impacts.

5.4 PROJECT SPECIFIC EVALUATION

PIV for Environmental Components

Table 5.5: Determination of PIV

No. Impact Magnitude in % change

EII

1 No change 0

2 0-4.9 0.02

3 5-14 0.05

4 15-24.9 0.1

5 25-34.9 0.15

6 35-44.9 0.25

7 45-54.9 0.5

8 55-64.9 0.75

9 >65 1.0

Impact Area Ranking (1-6) Weightage PIV

Land use Topography and soil 5 5/53 94.3

Hydrology & Hydrogeology 5 5/53 94.3

Water Quality 4 4/53 75.4

Air Quality 3 3/53 56.6

Noise Levels 4 4/53 75.4

Ground Vibrations 3 3/53 56.6

Fauna ( Wild life ) 2 2/53 37.7

Flora ( Forest) 5 4/53 94.3




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Table 5.6: Potential Impact Identification Matrix (Without Mitigation Measures)

Environmental Components

Project Activities Impact

RPII Value

Remarks EII

Land Use and Soil Characteristics

Spread of Project Components

Beneficial 0.20 0.1

Transportation Adverse 0.05 - -0.05

Disposal of Muck, solid waste

Adverse 0.4 Soil erosion increased

-0.20

Waste water generation from flushing of sand during operation

No 0.70 No activity

0.00

Road Construction Adverse 0.1 No activity

0.00

Stock piling of muck, solid waste

Adverse 0.10 - -0.05

DG –set operation Adverse 0.15 Standby use

-0.1

Operation phase Beneficial 0.45 No emission

+1.10

Noise level Excavation, Adverse 0.30 continuous

-0.15

Concrete Mixing Plant , DG set

Adverse 0.30 continuous

-0.15

Transportation Adverse 0.30 Continuous

-0.15

Operation Phase Vehicular movement

Adverse 0.10 Limited -0.05

Fauna Wildlife Transportation Adverse 0.20 Low during operation

-0.10

Operation- Reservoir

Beneficial 0.30 - +1.0

Aquatic Biology, Fisheries 3 353 56.6

Health 4 4/53 75.4

Socioeconomic Impact 3 3/53 56.6

Safety 3 3/53 56.6

Natural Hazard ( Flood, Forest Fire, Earthquake

3 3/53 56.6




127

Flora No forest land Beneficial 0.50 - +0.50 Transportation Adverse 0.30 - -0.05

Aquatic Biology, Fisheries

Construction Adverse 0.40 Dumping of Muck, solid waste

-0.05

Reduction in water flow

Adverse 0.60 Flushing of Desilting Chamber

-0.75

Operation Phase Beneficial 0.30 - 0.70

Health Excavation, drilling ,Vehicular

Adverse 0.10 Pose Occupational hazard

-0.05

Movement of truck drivers

Adverse 0.30 Health hazard due to unhygienic condition

-0.05

Water storage reservoir

Adverse 0.50 Exposure to vector

-0.05

Construction Activity

Beneficial 0.25 Large potential

+0.3

Civic Amenities Beneficial 0.15 Moderate potential

+0.2

Transport Required


Safety Construction Activities

Adverse 0.40 More Accidents

-0.25

Transport Adverse 0.6 More hazard

-0.25

Total 1.50

Table 5.7: Potential Impact Identification Matrix (With Mitigation Measures)

Environmental

Components

Project Activities Impact

RPII

Values

Remarks EII

Land Use and

Soil

Characteristics

Spread of Project

Components

Adverse

dilution

0.10 Degradatio

n of Land

-0.05

Excavation,

building road

Adverse

dilution

0.10 waste like

muck is

formed

-0.10

Transportation Adverse

dilution

0.03

0.02

- -0.02




128

Establishment of

Project

component

Adverse

dilution

0.10

0.05

Vegetation

clearing

-0.10

Disposal of

Muck, solid

waste

Adverse

dilution

0.3

0.1

Soil erosion

increased

-0.10

Hydrology and

Hydrogeology

Water used for

dust suppression ,

domestic use and

construction

Adverse

dilution

0.15 Insignifican

t Resource

Utilization

-0.01

Water Quality Waster Water

from construction,

drilling and

domestic

Adverse

dilution

0.05

0.15

- -0.05

Waste water

generation from

flushing of sand

during operation

Adverse

dilution

0.50 Flushing of

desilting

chambers

0.00

Air Quality Loading/

unloading

Adverse

dilution

0.05

0.05

- -0.05

Road Construction Adverse

dilution

0.1

0.1

Limited -0.05

Stock piling of

muck, solid waste

Adverse

dilution

0.05 - -0.05

DG –set operation Adverse

dilution

0.10

0.10

Standby

use

-0.05

Operation phase Beneficial 0.45 No

emission

+1.0

Noise level Excavation,

Blasting

Adverse

dilution

0.20

0.10

continuous -0.10

Concrete Mixing

Plant , DG set

Adverse

dilution

0.10

0.20

continuous -0.05

Transportation Adverse 0.30 Continuous -0.15

Operation Phase

Vehicular

movement

Adverse

dilution

0.04 Limited -0.02

Ground

Vibration

Blasting Adverse

dilution

0.60

0.4

Instantane

ous once in

day within

safety zone

-0.5




129

Fauna Wildlife Transportation Adverse

dilution

0.10

0.10

Low during

operation

-0.05

Lighting in area Adverse

dilution

0.05

0.05

Minimum

lighting

-0.02

Operation-

Reservoir


Flora No forest land Beneficial 0.50 - +0.5

Transportation Adverse

dilution

0.10

0.20

- -0.02

Operation

reservoir


Aquatic Biology,

Fisheries

Construction Adverse

dilution

0.15

0.25

Dumping of

Muck, solid

waste

-0.1

Reduction in

water flow

Adverse

dilution

0.30

0.30

Flushing of

Desilting

Chamber

-0.15

Health Excavation,

drilling Vehicular

Adverse 0.10 Pose

Occupation

al hazard

-0.05

Movement of

truck drivers

Adverse

dilution

0.10

0.20

Health

hazard due

to

unhygienic

condition

-0.01

Water storage

reservoir

Adverse

dilution

0.30

0.15

Exposure

to vector

-0.01

Socioeconomic

Impact

Construction

Activity

Adverse

dilution

0.05

0.10

- -0.1

Construction

Activity

Beneficial 0.25 Large

potential

+0.4

Civic Amenities Beneficial 0.15 Moderate

potential

+0.5

Transport

Required


Safety Construction

Activities

Adverse 0.40 Less

Accidents

-0.1

Transport Adverse 0.6 More

hazard

-0.25

Total 1.79




130

CHAPTER 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN




131

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN :

In last chapter extent of effects impacts on various factors of environment were explained.

Target of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to mitigate the possible adverse

impact of a project and to ensure to conserve the existing environmental quality. The EMP

converses all aspects of planning, construction and operation of the project, relevant to

environment. It is essential to implement the EMP right from the planning stage and then

continuing it throughout the construction and operation stage. Thus the main objective of

the EMP is to identify the project specific activities which will have to be considered to

investigate significant adverse impacts and the mitigation measures needed

Environment Management plan is one of the key part of any project. Environmental

Management Plan (EMP) is aimed to mitigate the possible adverse impact of a project and

to ensure to maintain the existing environmental quality. The EMP covers all aspects of

planning, construction and operation of the project, which are relevant to environment. It

is essential to implement the EMP right from the planning stage and then continuing it

throughout the construction and operation stage. Thus the main objective of the EMP is to

identify the project specific activities to be considered to investigate the significant

adverse impacts and the mitigation measures required. The mitigation measures will be

suggested as per the project and the product.

In order to mitigate the adverse impacts likely to arise due to the construction of

proposed project, project proponents have delineated an environmental management

plan, EMP during the pre construction, construction and operation phases.

An appropriate EMP would ensure smooth functioning of the project, enabling the project

proponent to allocate required funds for effective implementation and promote a secure

socio-economic environment leading to the improvement in quality of life of the people.

6.1 DURING PRE CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The importance of public acceptance and awareness of developmental projects, state and

at national levels is increasing throughout the country. Public acceptance of a project

should be mobilized prior to the start of the project activities. The promotional activities

of the project should include a positive programme of information, effective

communication and public education to prevent the spread of rumors or misinformation.

Tree cuttings

Few trees of common speices like neem,babhul,cassia required to be cut, most of the land

used for construction either barren or cultivated land without any crop at time of

construction..




132

Traffic Arrangement

The traffic plan is prepared for transportation of construction material to respective site

of rising main, pump houses and canals. This traffic plan involves details of diversion and

safety of transportation of hazardous material transport.

Storage of material

The site or adequate land for storage of construction material is marked near the

respective construction location.

Labor Camp

No labour camp will be provided. Local Labour will be employed from nearby villages as

per the construction area as rising main, pump houses and canals. Water and other basic

facilities will be provided at the respective construction site.


The EMP will cover all infrastructure components of the proposed project and will

provide detailed specifications for individual activities. The purpose of these measures is

to reduce the severity of impacts through avoidance, prevention or reduction and

rectification. In this regard, the EMP will be designed to specify timing and technical

aspects of optimizing or reducing positive and negative impacts, respectively

The construction phase involves a preparatory phase during which the following

activities have to be carried out

Cleaning & Clearing of the site for construction of offices

Clearing & cutting of trees in area

Transportation of heavy machinery & equipments & constriction material

Drilling, basting, quarrying & transporting rock at the respective construction site

For mitigating the adverse impact during this phase, the following measures are

suggested.

Provision of cut off drains and holding Weirs, growing, different varieties of grass on the

loose soil and on construction debris to prevent soil erosion and associated impacts.

Proper and adequate power, water supply and sanitation

In this case as there will not any labor camp treatment of domestic wastewater and timely

garbage disposal is not required.




133

Mobilization of local NGOs to generate environmental awareness among the local people

with specific reference to the project activities and to achieve their participation in the

developmental project

With a view to mitigate the adverse impacts due to air pollution arising from the project

activities and to improve the aesthetics of the area the following measures are called for:

Protection of workers and staff against dust emissions from drilling, blasting and

transportation activities by providing PPE’s.

Suppression of dust by spraying water on haul roads, overburden, dumps, rocks and

waste materials etc.

Growing native plant species along the roads

Proper design of green belt over the waste dumps

Improved maintenance of machineries, proper lubrication of vehicles etc. at quarry and

construction sites

To minimize adverse impact due to noise, it is necessary to adopt the following measures:

While procuring heavy machineries, equipment and vehicles proper care should be taken

to check the measures taken by the manufactures to minimize noise generation

Persons working near heavy machineries and blasting sites should be provided with well

designed ear muffs/plugs

Noise generating machineries and their platforms should be so maintained as to minimize

vibrations

Provision of shock absorbing wooden blocks / rubber pads.

The existing vegetation around the quarries and the construction sites should be well

maintained to help in reduction of air pollutants and noise levels

The depth, charge, matrix of holes and delay may be optimized to minimize vibrations

caused by blasting operations

Sound barriers essentially required to encircle the noisy zone of the main construction

activity where drilling crushing preparation of concrete by rotary machines will be a

continuous activity.

Provision shall be made to sprinkle water on loose soil to avoid dust generation

The debris and unutilized construction material and earth from the construction site shall

be removed immediately to recycle within the project so that no nuisance dust is

generated due to wind




134

The vehicles employed by the developers shall be checked for vehicular emissions.

Mitigation measures in GIB area

Work on canal around core area will not be carried out during June to october to prevent

disturbance to the breeding of GIB.

6.3 DURING POST CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The most effective mitigation measure for the impact on aquatic ecology, due to change in

water levels and water quality is to ensure minimum ecological flows to maintain the

water quality ofKT Weirlake. This ecological flow may be designed based on the habitats

of the most valued aquatic species in the Weir. Special care is needed to ensure minimum

losses of spawning grounds. Since the project involves reservoir storage, it is

recommended that periodic water releases be optimized in a strategic way to maximize

revenues and minimize environmental impact of the project. Also attention should be

paid to mandatory releases to the downstream. In order to demonstrate project

authority’s commitment to downstream users, it is proposed that flow measuring devices

both electronic and manual measurement basis are installed on streams. Also to preserve

water quality downstream due to flushing from desilting chambers, the flushing is to be

done over longer period and during high flow periods like afternoon period or depending

upon flow pattern for each month.

Green Belt Development Plan

In the first phase Green Belt will be developed around the Shirapur KT Weir and

alongside of canals. It will incorporate development of garden, lawn, trees and shrubs.

This area will be converted to picnic spot.

Program for Development of picnic spot

Creation of lawn near the KT weir.

Shrub plantation in around the lawn

Tree plantation –

Following Species will be planted in the area otherthan GIBW sanctuary area.

Sr.No Botanical Name Common Name Number

1 Aegle mamelos Bel 20

2 Ailanthus exelsa Maharukh 15

3 Albizzia lebbek Shirish 25

4 Alstonia Scholaris Satvin 50




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5 Anthocephalous

cadamba

Kadmb 30

6 Areca catechu Supari Palm 20

7 Azadirachta Indica Kadunimb 50

8 Bahunia purpuria Rakta Kanchan 25

9 Butea monosperma Palas 15

10 Caryota urens Fishtail 20

11 Cassia Fishula Bahava 30

12 Cocus nucifera Naral 100

13 Ficus elastica Rubber 25

14 Ficus bengalensis Wad 20

15 Ficus glomera Umber 30

16 Pongamia Pinnata Karanj 100

17 Mangefera indica Amba 25

18 Mutengia celabura Cherry 20

19 Tectona Grandis Teak 20

20 Nyctanthus

arbortristis

Parijat 25

21 Aracaria actinophylla Xmas tree 15

22 Casuarina equisetifolia Suru 25

23 Plumeria alba Cahpha Temple tree 10

24 Tamrindus indica Chinch 20

25 Citrus aurantifolia Nimbu 50

26 Citus sinensis Orange 50

27 Manilkara zapota Chikku 70

28 Syzygium cumini Jamun 30

29 Termenelia Chebula Hirda 30

30 Sapindus trifoliatus Ritha 30

31 Caesalpinia

pulcherima

Shankasur 20

32 Hibiscus Rosasinesis Jaswand red and yellow 50

33 Nerium olinder Kanher white , drawf and

Red

200

34 Thuja orientalis Morpankhi 100

35 Callistemon viminalis Bottle brush 100




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36 Bomboosa vulgaris Bamboo 60

37 Rosa ceae Rose 300

38 Vinca rosa Sadaphuli 200

39 Bouganvelia Boganvelia Red, White ,

Yellow

100

40 Qusquiles indica Madhumalati 35

41 Jasminum auriculatum Jai/jui 40

Total 2200

Besides this plantation on both sides of canal will also carried out. About 1500 plants will

be planted.

MALDHOK CONSERVATION PLAN

Following measures will be adopted to conserve maldhok birds

For the normal movement of Maldhok birds all the canals in the sanctuary area will be

closed or covered. This will retain existing land use & help Maldhok movement.

The grassland status of the sanctuary will be maintain by encourging the farmers in the

command area to plant the grass species such as Harali, Lemon grass

Farmers will also encourage for short height (40 to 60 cm) crops such as tomato, Gram,

Chilli, Brinjaletc.

The grassy patches of 10 m on either side of the canals will be provided to encourage the

insect base & bustard friendly Mosaic habitat.

6.5 HEALTH ACTION PLAN

Proper irrigation of land is all time requirement to be achieved by this project. Certain

adverse effects on health do accompany them.

The change in environment equally effects the population living in the vicinity of the area.

They are exposed to increased humidity, insects, and parasites. All these causes together

are responsible for increase incidence of diseases and increased morbidity load on the

area. It needs immediate effective actions through preventive, curative and primitive

health services.

Objectives of Health Management

To increase the coverage of prevention interventions for vector borne diseases amongst

the population at risk




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To reduce morbidity due to malaria

To prevent deaths due to malaria

Industrial & Agricultural Development activities should not be affected due to malaria

The gains achieved so far should be maintained.

To enhance the access to early diagnosis and complete treatment

To strengthen the technical and managerial capacity of the vector borne diseases control

program and increase the leverage with private sector

To increase the visibility of vector borne disease control program

To undertake output based monitoring of the control program

The district has a good mixture of public and private health facilities for the delivery of

services.

Primary Health Centers

In health programme an aim is to expand the existing health services, to bring them

increasingly within the reach of all the people, and to promote progressive improvement

in the level of national health. There were three Primary Health Centres, one each at

Mohol, Karmala and Kurduwadi. The centres at Mohol and Karmala served a population of

60 thousand each. There were two combined medical and public health units at Natepute

in Malshiras taluka and Kole in Sangola taluka. Six villages are served by the Natepute unit

and seven by the Kole unit. The centres provide medical, maternity and child welfare

services. There are seven primary health centres in Solapur district, located at Mohol,

Karmala, Kurduwadi, Pangri, Vairag, Gadegaon and Mandrup. These units mainly envisage

the integration of curative and preventive health services in rural areas. There were 24

sub centers in the district during the same period. These were affiliated to Primary Health

Centers.

The Medical Officer is in over all charge of the Primary Health Centre and is responsible to

provide both curative and preventive services to the people in the community

development blocks. He is under the technical and administrative control of the District

Health Officer. The Health Visitor or Nurse / Midwife works under the Medical Officer in

charge of the Primary Health Centre. He supervises the work of midwives, conducts ante-

natal and post-natal clinics, and also takes active part in health propaganda. The Sanitary

Inspector visits villages included in the block, attends to environmental sanitation and

carries out vaccinations, disinfection of water-supplies, inspection of sites, checking of

vital statistics, propagation of suitable types of latrines and urinals, health propaganda

etc.




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The following statement shows the block-wise information regarding the Zilla Parishad

Dispensaries, Subsidised Medical Practitioner Centres and Maternity and Child Health

Centres in Sholapur district: —

The number of primary health centers was 16, their taluka wise distribution being:

Solapur North, Solapur South, Mohol, Mangalwedha, Pandharpur and Madha one each;

and Barshi, Akkalkot, Sangola, Malshiras and Karmala two each.

Under the minimum needs programme it is proposed to establish one primary health

centre supported by eight to ten sub-centers for a population of 80,000. At present there

are sixteen primary health centers with 54 sub centers in the district. In pursuance of the

policy of minimum needs programme, it is proposed to establish five additional primary

health centers and forty sub-centers.

It has become necessary to provide beds and facilities in the General Hospital with a view

to cope up with the number of increasing patients. A provision of Rs. 20.75 lakhs has been

made in the District Plan for the same.

Government Civil Hospital: It is located 3o km from Shirapuur KT weir and 15 Km from

the Commannd area.It hss ll the facilities.

Dr. Vaishampayan Memorial Medical College: The medical college at Solapur was

established in the year 1963. The medical college has no hospital of its own. N. M. Wadia

Sr.No. Name of block Zilla Parishad Dispensaries

Subsidised Medical Practitioner Centres

Maternity and Child Health Centres

1 North Sholapur -- Tire 2 South Sholapur -- Walsang Kandalgaon

3 Akkalkot Maindargi Karajgi Nagansur

Kini

4 Barshi Upale-Dumala S. Pimpari

Yedasi Bhatambre and Javalgaon.

5 Madha Madha Modlimb Tembhurni

-- Madha

6 Mohol Kamti BK. Shetfal Narkhed Patkul & Vegampur. 7 Karmala Jeur/Sade Kem Jinti/Korti Kem

8 Pandharpur Bhalavani Karkamb Puluj

Nandur.

9 Mangalwedha Mangalwedha Borale. 10 Sangola Nazare and Jawala. Nagaj.

11 Malshiras Malshiras Boragaon Velapur. Sangam. Mandki.




139

Charitable Hospital, Smt. Kankubai Eye Hospital and the General Hospital, Sholapur, are

attached to this college for teaching purposes.

Ashwini Multi Super Speciality Hospital: The total number of beds is 242, of which 64

beds are reserved for females. In addition to the above facilities, there are 62 special

rooms where patients from any of the Surgery, Medicine, Gynecology, Obstetrics,

Orthopedics, Pediatrics, E. N. T., Eye, T. B., Psychiatrics, Skin and V. D. departments are

admitted.

The number of stipendiary and honorary staff stood at 18 and 6, respectively. The

hospital has many important and major departments.

Yashodhara Hospital : Yashodhara superspeciality hospital, situated in the heart of

Solapur city is the health care destination of western Maharashtra and northern-

Karnataka. With the spiraling patient population in this region, there was a need of

advanced medical centre in Solapur.

Smt. Kankubai Eye Hospital: Smt. Kankubai Eye Hospital has live general wards and one

special ward having four separate rooms.

Proposed Action Plan

On the following points more attention is required:

Communicable diseases

General Public Health

Monitoring, Supervising and executive the actions

Preventive and Curative services and strengthening of existing facilities

Diseases due to water pollution

Anthropoid diseases

Health Extension Activities

The health extension activities will have to be created in the villages situated in nearby

areas. It is important to inculcate hygienic habits of environmental sanitation specially

with respect to water pollution by domestic waste.




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From District to sub center level.

DHO

DIO ADHO DTO DMO ADMO

1 3 1 1 1

HA LAB TECH HEALTH SUPERVISOR

224 100 31

MPW MALE MPW FEMALE

631 657

Strategies for control of Vector Borne Diseases.

A) Malaria

1) Early Case Detection & Prompt Treatment. (EDPT): -

Identification of High-risk areas

Weekly & monthly monitoring of malaria situation

Regular fever surveillance by health workers & presumptive treatment to fever cases

clinically suspected & radical treatment to the patients found positive for Malaria.

Formation & operationalisation of Fever Treatment Depots & Drug distribution centers

Appointments of Temporary field workers for surveillance in high-risk areas.

Malaria Clinics: - To ensure Malaria clinic functioning wherever Lab technicians are

posted.

2) Integrated Vector Management: -




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Insecticide Residual Spraying: As per the norms of program, in high-risk areas. Whenever

focal outbreak of Malaria occurs insecticide spray operation is undertaken.

Larvicidal, Germicidal Spray activities are carried out in the area

Use of insecticide treated bed nets ITBN: - Insecticide treated bed nets are provided to all

the health institutions in the district in the proportion of sanctioned beds. Also bed nets in

private use are impregnated with insecticide.

Biological control: - By introducing larvivorous Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata).

Mechanical control: - By Canalization of water, deweeding, feeling of pits, potholes,

leveling, etc.

3) IEC activities: to ensure awareness among the public & healthcare service providers

about causes, prevention, control and treatment of malaria by-

Anti-Malaria Month Campaign.

Exhibitions

Posters, Banners, Handbills, wall painting.

Folk media

Radio,T.V.Cable Network, News paper Advertisement

Gramsabha, Prabhat pheri

Advocacy workshops.

Essay, Drawing Competition.

4) Inter sectoral co-ordination. Involvement of other related departments such as,

Irrigation, Agriculture, Forest, PWD, Transport, Railways, Information & Broadcasting,

Industries & NGOs

5)Containment of Focal outbreaks: - Declaration of Fever outbreak, immediate Indoor

Residual Spraying/Fogging with Synthetic Parathyroid, Regular surveillance & treatment

to malaria patients.

6)Entomological studies: - Insect collectors in the district for vector studies carry out

Regular entomological studies.

B) Dengue/Chikungunya:-

1) Identification of high risk areas (Base: last five years data) & identification of

vulnerable / Taluka (Base Adjacent areas / Villages of outbreaks




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2) Fever surveillance: Regular fever surveillance (active & passive) by health workers

& health institutes & early reporting of fever outbreak.

3) Lab.investigation of serum samples: For early case detection, diagnostic facilities

are available at the district level & at selected CHCs (Rapid Diagnostic Kits & ELISA tests).

For Confirmation, serum samples are sent to NIV Pune.

4) Treatment: Facilities are available at PHC, CHC, and Municipal Hospitals & District

.hospital for treatment of Dengue Fever Chikungunya & for DHF & DSS case management

at CHC, Municipality & District .Hospital.

5) ELIMINATION OF BREEDING PLACES OF VECTOR MOSQUITOES: -

i) Regular container surveillance by health workers:-Out of houses surveyed by

Health Workers 10% of houses to be visited regularly for entomological Surveillance to

detect Aedes mosquito Larvae throughout the month starting from Jan. & 100%

containers surveillance to be completed within five months.

ii) Destruction of all the wastes which can hold water for long. Special emphasis on

Garages, Tire depots, coconut shells, used containers, etc.

iii) Emptying, Brushing and cleaning of all water collection pots, cement Weirs

compulsory once in a week.

iv) Larvicide's (Tempos) application once fortnightly in urban areas & twice in outbreak

villages.

v) Indoor Fogging with pyrethrum extract 2% in outbreak villages & urban areas.

Vi) Community participation: for prevention of outbreaks & observance of dry day once

in a week.

Vii) Regular IEC activities to be carried out throughout the year to enhance awareness

among the public & healthcare service providers about causes prevention control and

treatment of Dengue/Chikungunya and observance of Anti Malaria month with intersect

oral co-ordination.

C) Filaria :-

Surveillance: - In the district every year in the month of August surveillance forFilarial

cases is carried out.

Morbidity Management:-

Training for management of disease & Hydrocoele patients referred to Govt.Institutions

for surgery.




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IEC activities:

Actions

Monitoring and Data collection

Preventive action of all these problems requires a good system of data collected of

diseases based on the available data. The preventive actions could be planned accordingly

on the basis of reports of diseases collected from the field from the field. This requires

monitoring of data and its analysis.

Water Testing

Water samples are to be collected and tested on the spot and for bacterial component.

Water pollution is the main cause of the most water borne diseases, regular sampling and

analysis of water is required by Health Staff alongwith PHE department. This is to be

supported and carried out by Mobile Health Laboratory. Water must be regularly tested

for the following tests:

Orthotoludine test for Chlorine

Use of lead acetate paper test for bacterial infection.

Mobile Public Health cum Treatment Unit

Mobile public health laboratory will be functioning from PHC and Sub health centers.This

van will have fixed tour program which will be supervised by field supervisors. The

mobile unit will be stationed at taluka and operate to the affected area regularly. This

unit is diagnostic unit with provisions for first aid and trained staff on health education.

Health Education (Provision of Sanitation)

All the houses in command area will be encorged to have Toilet Blocks. No one should be

allowed to use open area.( open defacation should not be permitted) One has to arrange

health as well as educational camp with the help of local leaders and organize the creation

of the facilities with the help of local affected population.

Disposal of Garbage

An area for dumping the waste should be marked out. Village level functionaries like

village health guide, Gram Sabha Secretary and others educate the people for dumping the

garbage at localized place. Composting processes training to villagers will be made.

Disposal of Sewage




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At all the villages in command area shall have proper sewage treatment. It is very

important that villages on the bank of river must have small Sewage treatment Plants or

septic tank followed by soak pit

Health Education Activities

Formation of societies with coordination of local people and health staff.

Instruct people to use boiled water during likely contamination

Education to use Cholorquine tablets

Educate for taking care of sanitation

Action to be taken on recommendation of Malaria research centre

The district Malaria officer along with doctors of PHC, liaise with concerned officers in

preventing /eliminating mosquitogenic condition in the study area. They should

undertake source reduction of mosquito breeding such as burrow pits, pools, ditches and

other stagnant water collections.

Health Facilities During Construction

The labour as well as other staffs working are exposed to physical stain of work and other

physical effect. Staff may encounter manifestation such as fever, dysentery or other

diseases. It is possible that some have injury during the work. In view of this they require

medical assistance.

The provision of first aid will be made at the site. It will have essential medicine including

ORS packets, bandage and iodine etc. It will also have Stretcher, Wheel chair facility.

6.6 BUDGET PROVISION FOR EMP

Adequate budgetary provisions have to be made by the management of project to execute

the Environmental Management Plan as delineated above. The details of project cost,

annual recurring budget and capital investments to be earmarked for pollution control,

operation/maintenance, social welfare measures, and for greenbelt development are

proposed.

Sr. No. Component Cost Rs .in lakh

1 Lawn and garden 11.1

2 Sanitary Work 15.3

3 Plantation 76.3

4 Provision communication service 3.1




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5 Environment Monitoring Program 42.0

6 Conservation of Maldhok Plan ( 2 % of

Project Cost) 494

Total 641.8




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CHAPTER 7

ENVIRONMENTMONITORING PROGRAM




147

7.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Krishna Valley Development Corporation will adopt environmental management system

(EMS) which will assist project management to meet both current and future

environmental requirements and challenges. EMS will provide a structural view and

controls of the organization’s environmental performance that will be applied from

planning .The following components are taken to establish an EMS:

Organisationnel Commitment;

Environnemental Policy;

Environnemental Action Plan;

Objectives and Targets;

Resettlement & Rehabilitation (R&R) Policy;

Community Development Plan/ Indigenous People's Development Plan;

Documentation;

Responsibilities and Reporting Structure;

Training;

Environmental Review Audits; and

Emission and performance monitoring.

MKVDC will follow a comprehensive and systematic health and safety function which

involves all personnel seeking to identify hazards and assessing risk to prevent and

eliminate all accidents/ injuries. A basis will be evolved for identifying and correcting

unsafe practices and conditions, monitoring safely performance and recognizing results.

MKVDC will follow National Occupational Safety Association (OSHA) standard, which is

pro-actively and successfully utilized by numerous companies throughout the world. The

key components on NOSA standard are:

Premises and Housekeeping;

Electrical, Mechanical and Personal Safeguarding;

Fire Protection and Prevention;

Accident Recording and Investigation; and

Safety Organization.




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In future MKVDC may follow ISO-14000 standard perticularly being designed for

corporate environmental management system.

7.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

PROGRAM

It is important for successful implementation of an Environment Monitoring Program,

that effective environmental monitoring cells be set up whose role would be to check the

efficiency of the organizational set up responsible for implementation of Environmental

Action Program.

The project proponent will establish dedicated cells for environment issues within the

MKVDC institutional structure to address all social and environmental impacts of the

project, as well as ensure proper implementation of the public consultation and disclosure

programs and the rehabilitation action plan/community development plan. Apart from

the institutional support to be provided by the MKVDC personnel, an implementing

agency (an effective social organization/institution or an NGO) will be appointed for the

implementation of the Rehabilitation Action Program (RAP) and for consultation and

participation with the local communities. MKVDC believe that they have internal capacity

to manage the rehabilitation program, hence, there will be full time dedicated staff and

senior officials responsible for the implementation of the rehabilitation and community

development program.

Corporate Organization Structure

At the corporate level, the MKVDC will set up a cell for Environment, Resettlement and

Safety, which will be headed by a Chief Engineer. This cell will have the following key

functions:

Setting up appropriate institutional arrangements at the project site to oversee

implementation of social and environment mitigation action plans.

Appointing an independent Monitoring and Evaluation agency

Establishing village development funds with 50% contribution from the project in each of

the villages where the CDP will be planned and implemented.

Monitoring the RAP activities.

Address grievances not addressed by the project office

Ensure that the RAP and EAP is implemented in accordance to the guiding policies of

MKVDC

Arrange training programs for officers to be involved in the RAP and RAP.




149

Develop corporate linkages with financial institutions and banks to facilitate financing of

income generating schemes for the PSFP.

Regular compliance of stipulated conditions by the regulatory agencies and reporting of

the same as per the specified period.

Undertake midterm corrective actions, if required.

Office Organizational Structure

A Cell for Environmental and Social Management within MKVDC at the project level will

take the overall responsibility for co-ordination of the actions required for environmental

and social management and mitigation, and for monitoring the progress of the proposed

management plans and actions to be taken for the project.

The Cell will be under the overall supervision of the Chief Engineer, MKVDC, and

responsible for monitoring of the implementation of the various actions which are to be

executed by the agencies specified in the EAP and RAP. The Cell will report on a regular

basis to the Chief Engineer.

At the project office level, a post of Manager (Social and Environment) will be created,

who will co-ordinate the RAP, CDP and EAP. He/she will report to the Chief Engineer,

locally in charge of the entire project implementation. He will be supported by other

members of the cell that will include an Environmental Engineer, a Geologist/ Blasting

Specialist, a Community Liaison Officer, CLO preferably from a social science background,

an Ecologist/ a Horticulturist, a Health Officer, an Epidemiologist and a Safety Officer.

Responsibilities of the Members of ESMC

The Environmental and Social Management Cell will have three sub-units:

Environnemental Management unit

Social Management unit

Monitoring and Evaluation Unit

These units will be under the overall supervision of a Manager (Environment & Social)

Manager (Environment & Social)

A person of the rank of Manager will be responsible for planning and implementation of

the control and protective measures. He will co-ordinate the environment and social

related activities within the project area. He will have to coordinate on a daily basis with

the team members for proper allocation and functioning of the Pollution control and

monitoring equipment including implementation of EAP and RAP. He will also have to co-

ordinate with the outside agencies including contractors for monitoring and controlling




150

the tasks related to afforestation and other social and biological reclamation. He shall also

interact with the health officer and collect & synthesize the workers' sickness record to

analyze the possible occurrences of occupational diseases.

Environmental Management Unit

The Environment Management unit will comprise of the following:

Environmental Engineer: He will be responsible for implementation of EAP and

maintaining the schedule, duration and parameters to be monitored. He will be supported

by an Assistant Engineer, a Junior Officer and 2 workmen. The Assistant Engineer will also

supervise the implementation of environmental protection measures viz. water

sprinkling/ spraying, proper drainage system including culverts and other protective

measures/ arrangements.

Ecologist/Horticulturist: He will be the overall in charge of biological reclamation and

afforestation scheme to be carried out in and around the project component areas and

implementation of Catchment Area Treatment Plan. He will be taking decisions regarding

the selection of plant/tree species having high survival rate based on the climatic

conditions and soil characteristics. He will be responsible for setting up a nursery and

acquiring saplings from local nurseries, if necessary and supervise and control the

contractors engaged for plantation. He will in direct liaison with Divisional Forest Officer

(DFO).

Safety Officer:He will be responsible for safety functions of the project both during

construction and operation phases. Two Safety Supervisors who will supervise and issue

daily hot work permits to construction contractor will support the Safety Officer.

Social Management unit :

Community Liaison Officer (CLO):The CLO will co-ordinate the functioning of two

dedicated cells on Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation and Community development and

regularly interact with different stakeholders, specially the PSFP to get feedback on the

implementation process. He will report to Manager (Environment and Social) and also to

General Manager (Project). In addition, there will be a Grievance Redressal Cell (GRC) the

details of which are provided later. The Rehabilitation and Community Development cell

will have a Community Development Officer (CDO) and 2 support staff who would

oversee the entire individual and community rehabilitation and development.

Alternatively, there can be a Community Development and Rehabilitation Officer, instead

of a cell, who will be supported by adequate support staff. Directly working with the CDO

will be the implementing agency (an NGO, an institution or the implementing arm of the

RSWML itself) that will manage the income restoration and skill up gradation program. It

is estimated that the services of implementing agency will be required for 3-5 years,

within which the environment and social impacts are proposed to be mitigated. The hired




151

organization should have adequate capacity to have a regular field presence in the 4

villages, especially of community workers and women staff members. In addition the

organization will have a dedicated senior person who will be overall in-charge of the

implementation of the rehabilitation plan. The main responsibilities of the implementing

agency will be:

Establish rapport with the community and hold public consultation and disclosure

sessions as required by the PCDP.

Act as a contact point for grievance redressal and dispute settlement at the village level

Assist in the rehabilitation process, payment of compensation, training and income

generation program.

Facilitating the villagers and Gram Panchayats in the preparation of village micro plans

and its implementation.

Establish linkages with labor co-operatives and local employment exchanges

Develop linkages with ongoing Government programs at the district, block and village

levels

The implementing agency will be selected through a transparent and competitive

evaluation of its capabilities and capacities. The contract will specify the responsibilities

and accountability, reporting patterns and financial arrangements.

7.3 MONITORING & EVALUATION CELL

Internal and external monitoring is proposed in the project. Internal monitoring of the

EAP, RAP & CDP implementation will be the responsibility of the M&E cell of MKVDC. This

M&E cell will regularly interact with the Environmental Engineer for the EAP and

Community Liaison Officer for the RAP and will report to the Manager (Social and

Environment). The M&E cell will prepare simple formats for monitoring both social and

environment mitigation and action plans. These formats will be duly filled every month by

the LA cell, the Rehabilitation and CD cell, EMC, the implementing agency and the GR cell

and the report will be collected by the M&E cell.

INTERNAL MONITORING

Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

The EMC will prepare a formal report on environmental and social management and

mitigation for the General Manager at quarterly basis. Reports on any urgent or

significant issues may be prepared at shorter intervals. Apart from responsibilities listed

above, the EMC will have the responsibility of the following:




152

Regular monitoring of water, air and noise quality within and outside the project

component areas;

Implementation of the control and protective measures;

Co-ordination of the environment related activities within MKVDC ;

Collection of the statistics of health of workers;

Afforestation including nursery management;

Awareness and implementing safety programs; and

Monitor the progress of implementation of EAP,

Rehabilitation &Community Development Cell :

The R & C D cell will regularly monitor the followingReview of schedule integrating land

acquisition and RAP and CDP implementation.

Delivery of compensation and rehabilitation assistance

Consultation and public disclosure program

Setting up and functioning of the GRC

Valuation of assets, land and trees.

Determining the market value or replacement costs.

Preparation of individual entitlement packages

Environmental Action Plan

To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management program regular monitoring

of the important environmental parameters will be taken up. The schedule, duration and

parameters to be monitored are shown in the table below.

Table 7.1: Monitoring Schedule and ParametersEnvironmental Monitoring Plan

Air Quality Monitoring

Project stage Pre Construction , Construction & operation period

Parameter SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx, CO and Pb

Sampling Method Use method specified by CPCB for analysis

Standards Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules,

CPCB, 1994

Frequency Once before start of work & once every season of the

year during construction period & unto 18 months




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(operation Period)

Duration Continuous 24 hours / or for 1 full working day

Location Sensitive locations along the pipe laying work,

pumping / lifting station locations, STP site.

Measures Wherever air pollution parameters increase above

specified standards, additional measures as decided

by the engineer shall be adopted


Supervision Implementing agency

Water quality Monitoring

Project stage Pre Construction & Construction

Parameter

pH, BOD, COD, DO, TDS, Pb, Oil & Grease and

Detergents for Surface water.

Water pH, TDS, Total hardness, Sulphate,

Fluorides,Chloride, Fe, Pb for groundwater.

Sampling Method Grab sample collected from source and analysis as

per Standard Methods for Examination of water and

Waste water

Standards Indian standards for Inland Surface Water(IS; 2296,

1982) and for Drinking water (IS; 10500,1991)

Frequency Twice a year (pre monsoon and post monsoon

seasons) during the construction period

Duration Once in six month

Location

Locations to represent residential, agricultural,

surface water quality and vicinity of the construction

site.

Measures At locations of increased in water pollution, all inflow

channels shall be checked for pollution loads and

channel delivering higher pollution loads and

channel delivering higher pollution load shall be

terminated from disposal into the water source and

other methods of disposal shall be adopted



Noise Level Monitoring

Project stage Pre Construction , Construction & operation period

(as agreed)

Parameter Noise level on dB (A) scale noise levels on dB (A)

scale

Special guidance Free field at 1 m from the equipments whose noise




154

level are being determined.

Equivalent noise levels using an integrated noise

level meter kept at a distance of 15m from edge of

pavement

Standards MoEF Noise Rulers, 2000

Frequency Once every seasons (except monsoon) for each year

of construction

Duration Reading to be taken at 15 seconds interval for 15

minutes every hour and then averaged

Location Wherever the contractor decides to locate the

equipment yard.

At sensitive location such as school, hospitals etc.

Measures Incase of noise levels causing disturbance to the

sensitive receptors, management measures as

suggested in the EMP shall be carried out.



Soil Quality Monitoring

Project stage Pre Construction & Construction

Parameter Monitoring of Pb, SAR and Oil & Grease

Sampling Method Sample of soil collected by augur method to be

acidified and analyzed using spectrophotometer

Standards Threshold for each contaminated set by IRIS

database of USEPA until national standards are

promulgated

Frequency During the pre monsoon post monsoon seasons each

year for the entire construction period

Duration Once in a year

Location At productive agriculture lands abutting traffic

detours, pumping / lifting station locations and STP

site.

Measures At location of increased in pollution levels, source

shall be identified and shall be diverted from future

disposal



STP Once every week

Health Identification of water related disease once a year

Maharashtra Pollution Control Board




155

The project is in process of receiving Consent to Establish from Maharashtra Pollution

Control Board with the following conditions for environmental control and monitoring

during operational phase of the project:

Get a third party post environmental monitoring of the project in order to assess the

implementation of various components of EMP including CAD plan.

Creation of an EMP cell which shall be managed by the professionals who would report

directly to the top management.




156

CHAPTER 8

PROJECT BENEFIT




157

8.1 PROJECT BENEFIT

The benefits of irrigation projects now are well known worldwide. The irrigation projects

benefits can be classed as Direct and Indirect Benefits

Direct Benefits include

Production benefits i.e.Increased Agriculture Yield.

Increase Crop productivity

Increase in cultivation area

Increase in crop intensity

Multiple i.e. 2 or 3 crops in a year.

Crop diversification

More Commercial fish production

Judicious use of water (25% water saving with use of micro irrigation).

Use of stored water for industrial purpose

Increased employment outside agriculture from increased crop output in related

industries such as input industry (backward linkages) and output processing industries

(forward linkages)

Improvement in sanitation due to availability of more water

Increase in cattle strength, enhancement in their status output.

Increase in cattle fees, grass.

Increased environmental benefits of water for in stream flows, disposal of waste,

wildlife, flora and fauna; increased farm forestry and vegetation in irrigated areas.

Assurance of food security

Benefits of flood control from economic loss

Indirect Benefits cover:

Increased employment in agriculture to increased cropping intensity, increased crop area

and output from irrigation

Increased employment outside agriculture from increased crop output in related

industries such as input industry (backward linkages) and output processing industries

(forward linkages)




158

Positive impact on poverty reduction through increased productivity and increased

employment opportunities

Positive effect to bring people above poverty line.

Increased food security at national, regional and local levels

Lower food prices for consumers, due to productivity gains and increased overall food

supplies

Improved nutrition, improved calorie intake and improved health




159

CHAPTER 9

DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN




160

9.1 DISASTER CONTROL PLAN

Disasters are always unwanted part of situation & difficult to control. Sometimes natural

calamities like storm, hailstorm, cyclone, sabotage, lightening, mist, fog, landslide,

explosion, earthquake, extra ordinary high tides, happen & create huge losses to

environment, property & people adjacent to them. In past some cases of heavy rains,

sudden rise in catchment area, consequent addition in water storage capacity,

overtopping, foundation slides, failure of gate opening mechanism, slides in embankment

slopes, etc. resulting in loss of lives & property. Keen efforts on Govt. can help to educate

people with assistance from district authorities to minimize the loss to properties &

people. Under such plans Disaster control plans are successfully established, operated &

thus involvement of local people is paying in time.

To be prepared in advance for any sort of disaster which may occur as a consequence of

natural calamities is utmost important. Disaster control plan gives ideas to plan in

advance to avoid & minimize to damage in all aspects. It is a team effort & remarkably

pays if due attention is paid in time to plan & execute the action plan for disaster control.

As the name suggests the team members in this plan are many & all must know their

duties to perform their respective roles in least time, at positions asked & as per needs of

the situation arises.

9.2 MAIN COMMITTEE FORMATION

As per details of the KT WeirLift Irrigation project, Chief Engineer, Chief Engineer [

Special Projects],Superintending Engineer, Executive Engineer of Krishna Valley

development corporation, Executive Engineer & other officers in the same will jointly

execute this disaster control plan (DCP) with Solapur District Collector.

For most of the district administration & further contacts to State & Central Govt. District

Collector holds a key & control position to enable him exact & in time efforts to avoid all

types of losses, thus he will be ex officio Chairman of the Disaster Control Group for KT

WeirLIS.

Following will be members of the EAP

District Collector Ex officio Chairman

Chief Engineer, MKVDC, Pune. (Ministry of water Resource’s Government of Maharashtra

) Vice Chairman

Chief Engineer, [ Special Projects]

Superintending Engineer Ujjani canal Modernisation

Executive Engineer [ Special Projects]




161

Executive Engineer, Ujjani canal Modernisation.

Executive Engineer [Irrigation], Secretary.

Executive Engineer [ Public works & housing]

Superintendent of the Police, Solapur District

Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Parishad, Solapur.

A representative of Post & Telegraph

A representative of Railways Authorities

A representative of State Transport Department

A representative of State Electricity Board

A representative of Civil Supplies Department

District Agriculture Officer

District Civil Surgen

District Publicity Officer

District Health Officer

Chief Fire Officer / Fire Station in charge of Corporation, Nagar parishad,

Chief Officer, M.I.D.C. Solapur.

Chairman of sub committees of each village / town in the area

This committee will pay attention to suggest, guide, monitor important points like:

Overall Control and co-ordination to sub committees

Safety, security and vigilance of command area

Evacuation implementation plan near canals

Communication with meteorology dept., media, Doordarshan, All India Radio, Rail way

authorities for information & follow up

Fire fighting & rescue services

All modes of communication for early warning system

Transport / shifting of people well in advance




162

Operation, maintenance, co-assistance in danger to pump houses, rising main and canals

Timely first aid, medical services to disabled children, aged people, patients & those in

serious condition or admitted to ICUs.

Provision of ambulance as & when required

Enough tents, drinking water & needed food items at gathering points during emergency

period.

Assistance of civil bodies, N.C.C., N.S.S., Civil Defense, Home Guard

To safeguard people to avoid any panic.

Mittigation, cognizance of cases of flood & damages, loss of human life & immovable

property.

Communication with Central crisis group, MoEF, New Delhi.

Communication with State crisis group Mumbai

External source tap in emergency like Army. Navy, Air Force

System review, improvement, timely upgradation

Periodic Mock drill trials, their plans, reports, amendments & successful implementation.

Main committee will have responsibility to assess all types of losses if disaster occurs to

various villagers, land, crops, cattle, property etc. & further plan to arrange for due

compensation to concerned.

9.3 FORMATION OF SUB COMMITTEES:

Depending upon areas of residences in catchment area, flood probability & land

submergence under water sub committees will be made in each region, village / town /

Wadi / wasti / Nagar parishad / M.I.D.C. zone whose members will be as follows :

23. Assistant Collector / Tahasildar / B.D.O. / Sarpahch Gram Panchayat,

Chairman of sub committee

24. Assistant Engineer Grade I Ujjani canal Dn. No. 8Solapur,

Secretary of the sub committee.

25. Other Panch members in the Gram Panchayat

26. Gramsevak of the villages




163

Local Police Station in charge or Police Patil

Chairman, Village Farmer’s Co-operative Society

Principal of School of the villages like Solapur

In charge, Prathamic Arogya Kendra, Solapur or nearest village / town.

Help / assistance from civil defense, home guards, St. John Ambulance, Scout guide, N.C.C.,

N.S.S., N.G.O.s, local social activity groups will make the task of DCP easier as such groups

will convey signals & educated force of people will be available from local area. Being

conversant with the area they can assist for successful & timely implementation of DCP.

Considering, the number of people affected due to flood & needed co-ordination of all,

DCP mock drill / trial has to be planned once before 31st May each year. Also each year its

performance be assessed & corrected by District Collector who himself being in charge of

disaster control plan at district level. Faults & lacking parts be corrected in time to

increase accuracy of the DCP.Considering reasons or facts to occur an emergency & its

severity the disaster action process will be different for each type of emergency joint or

separately as case may be.

Advance preparation for items needed during monsoon.

The sub committees at each village level will keep ready in advance some places / spots to

assemble people in case of any emergency. Chairman will instruct to all team to avoid any

panic situation. Separate groups to be made for

In time information to all concerned people, to district authorities.

Evacuation of people, for patients, especially aged persons, children, kids, cattle

Their places of safe shelters, arrangement of tents,

Arrangement of boats, life jackets, rain coats etc.

Stretchers & first aid in case of injury

Provision of food packets & drinking water for small & prolonged period.

Protection of valuable & immovable property

Prevention from any burglary, thept, looting etc.

Protection of banks, ATM booths / centers, Govt. treasuries etc.

Following check list may be completed by irrigation department.

Completion of gate installation & its correct installation trial.




164

Special inspection for gate closing, 1st water filling, alert signals, danger of overtopping,

evacuation, rail-way traffic etc.

Reservoir filling schedule

Communication

Access roads

Stock piling of repair materials

Machinery dozer, truck, earth movers, carts etc.

Enough labour arrangement for civil work

Vigilance during first year of filling a reservoir.

Careful watch

Responsibility of the Engineer

Periodic & frequent inspection

Cases of sweet, subsidence, leakage, crack, sign of slip of slopes & reporting of the same.

Daily report of lake filling & its condition

Visit of Executive Engineer when F.S. L. is reached

Inspection by Executive Engineer

Inspection by Superintending Engineer

Preparatory measures

Alert signals

Signals for action in case of breach & consequent measures

Types of Land use regulations

Prohibitive zones

Restrictive zones

Caution zone

Preparation of zoning maps

Help from Army, Navy & Air Force to evacuate & save people in time.




165

CHAPTER 10

RESETTLEMENTAND REHABILITATION

PLAN




166

10.1 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION PLAN

Ujjani Canal Division No. 8 part of Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation,

(MKVDC) Pune (Ministry of water Resource’s Government of Maharashtra) is

continuously working for providing water for irrigation to fields. For many of the lift

irrigation schemes require land which is generally acquired from the farmers located

nearby the projects. This acquisition of land although for the betterment of irrigation

facility it creates economic loss to the affected people. As it is generally compulsory land

acquisition, to highly appreciate people MKVDC has incorporated Rehabilitation Action

Plan. Towards this, as a first step to show appreciation of the people, the term Project

Affected People will be renamed as People Contributing For the Project (PCFP).

As such the Lift Irrigation does not involve any human displacement hence R & R Plan is

not applicable. For the fulfillment ToR the guidelines for R & R plan as per Displacement

and Rehabilitation Rule 2007 and the Maharashtra Project Affected People's

Rehabilitation Act of 1976, amended in 1986 are given below.

10.2 BASIS OF R AND R PLAN

Identification of Affected Families

Categories of Affected Families : Fully or partially

Resettlement and Rehabilitation Measures

The process of Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R &R) has two distinct components, viz.

resettlement and rehabilitation. The resettlement package broadly includes assistance to

PCFP for shifting to new sites and providing essential civic amenities and services. On the

other hand, rehabilitation package is conceptualized around a development strategy with

long-term perspective. The basic thrust of this strategy is to bring about a socio –

economic transformation of the PCFP so as to improve the quality of their life.

As a part of the field studies, the information on awareness about the project amongst the

PCFP and their impending displacement will be collected. As a part of the survey in the

Project area, the PCFP opinions will be taken regarding R & R. This was done to primarily

understand what the PCFP looked forward to as compensation for the loss they are likely

to bear.

10.3 LAND ALLOTMENT

Each Displaced Land Owner Family, even if its acquired land is less than 2 acres, is given 2

acres of developed irrigated land, cost of which would be adjusted from the amount of

compensation payable to the oustee in respect of acquired land. Landless agricultural

labourers of fully affected areas are also given 2 acres of land free of cost on certification

by the concerned DM of District.




167

Or

Alternatively, half acre of developed irrigated land is offered adjacent to the Municipal

Limits city, subject to availability, to those entitled families who wish to be settled there

Compensation for Land Those entitled persons who wish to opt for cash compensation,

instead of land allotment, would be given cash compensation as assessed according to the

Land Acquisition Act, including the admissible amount of solatium, plus an ex-gratia

payment at the following rates

Irrigated Land Rs.12,000 per acre

Class -I (Un-irrigated Land) Rs.6,000 per acre

Class-II(Un-irrigated Land) Rs.4,000 per acre

This would, however, be subject to the amount of cash compensation being paid to him in

lieu of land upto 2 acres, at a minimum of Rs.2 lakh effective from 01.09.1995.(In 1989-

90, the minimum cash compensation was Rs.40,000/- and was raised to Rs.60,000/- in

1990-91

For purposes of payment of compensation as per the provisions of the Land Acquisition

Act, the cost of land acquired from a person would be calculated at the rates decided by

SLAO. If the cost of land acquired is more than the cost of the allotted land, he would be

paid the difference in cost; and if it is less, the difference in cost will not be recovered

(Presently, the cost of 2 acres of allotted land, to be adjusted from the amount of

compensation for acquired land, is Rs.2 lakh, which is equivalent to the minimum cash

amount payable in lieu of land allotment.

10.4 ALLOTMENT OF HOUSE PLOTS

Rural fully affected land owners (including landless agricultural laborers), would each be

allotted, on payment of cost, a house plot equal to 200 sq.m. at the rural resettlement site.

House plots of 200 sq. m. each would also be given on-cost, at a resettlement site to be

decided by the Project Authorities with reference to availability of plots in various

colonies, to the affected land owners who have opted for cash payment in lieu of allotment

of land.

Those entitled persons who wish to opt for cash compensation, instead of land allotment,

would be given cash compensation as assessed according to the Land Acquisition Act,

including the admissible amount of solatium, plus an ex-gratia payment at the following

rates

Irrigated Land Rs.12,000 per acre

Class -I (Un-irrigated Land) Rs.6,000 per acre




168

Class-II(Un-irrigated Land) Rs.4,000 per acre

This would, however, be subject to the amount of cash compensation being paid to him in

lieu of land upto 2 acres, at a minimum of Rs.2 lakh effective from 01.09.1995.(In 1989-

90, the minimum cash compensation was Rs.40,000/- and was raised to Rs.60,000/- in

1990-91). :

Compensation for Trees

Compensation for trees would be payable to the entitled land owner families, as per

evaluation done by the State Authorities/Horticulture Deptt., as per the guidelines and

principles as may be laid down by the State Government

Rehabilitation Benefits Jointly to Husband and Wife

Effective from 9.12.1998, all rehabilitation benefits (land, house, plot and cash provisions)

to the affected families, including ex-gratia to additional family members, would be given

and registered jointly in the name of both husband and wife. Allotment/registration of

land/house plot in the joint name of husband and wife would be subject to fulfillment of

legal requirement, if any.

Drinking Water for Partially Affected Villages

Any additional cost for providing drinking water to the affected villages, directly

attributable to the Project, will be met from the Project funds

It is Based on the resettlement schemes proposed by each affected village and present

policies, laws and regulations of different levels of governments and the resettlement

requirements

The target of resettlement and rehabilitation is set as follows:

As much as possible the resettler’s grain production level will be self-sufficient after

resettlement.

The income per capita shall be recovered to the standard before resettlement.

The affected public infrastructures, school, hospitals, social welfare level, natural

environment and traffic condition etc. shall be improved after resettlement.

10.5 DETAILS OF SURVEY

Land Acquisition Procedure :

MKVDC will strictly follow the procedures laid down under the Maharashtra rehabilation

and resettlement Act 2004 and Land Acquisition Act 1894 and R & R Rule when land is

acquired for various components of KT Weir LIS. The process of land acquisition for the




169

proposed LIS was started by Section-4 notification in April, 2006 followed by Section –6

notification on 27-04-2006. After the joint measurement and marking of the land under

section 7 and 8 the Section-9 notification along with individual notices to interested

persons were issued. Inspection / spot verification by Land Acquisition Officer was

completed in was issued in April / May, 2006 for fixing the rate of compensation. Final

award through Section-11 by Land Acquisition Officer was issued in May, 2006.

Submergence and Displacement

The submergence of existing K.T. Weir is within the river bank, hence, land is not acquired

for the submergence.

The 446 ha of private land required is for different component like pump house, canal of

LIS does not involve either houses or structure. Hence there is no displacement.

Even if 446 ha of private land will be acquired, but, there will be no displacement of

people.

Social Status of PSFP

As per the survey the total adverse effect due to land acquisition area in the villages of

Khandali, Modnimb, Shetphal, and Telangwadi will result in affecting people who are the

title holders and land owners of the land proposed for land acquisition.

The details mentioned below gives the summary of the impact on the affected persons

Private land would be acquired:

Required Land : 446 ha

Acquired Land : 156 ha

Provision of 5lacs/ha

780 lacs has been spent for acquisition of Private land ie. 156 ha land is already acquired

till date

Of the affected persons majority of the above 18 years old. Majority of the General Caste

and literate.

Occupation wise a majority are into informal private services such as lorry / auto drivers,

workers in private business establishment etc. Agriculture as an occupation is for about

45 percent of people. A large number of them own Shop and Government Services. The

income levels suggest a majority coming under middle income category of 50,000 to

80,000 rupees per annum. Details of People Contributing For the Project (PCFP) present

in the Annexure Q.




170

LAND ACQUISITION :

B- Land

Head Works

Total Area Required

Area Aquired

Expenditure done

Area to Aquired

Expexted Expenditure

Rs. In Lakhs Rs. In Lakhs

PH-I, R.M -I & D.C.-I 11.02 6.25 30.41 4.77 59.78

Link Canal 64.62 59.93 72 4.69 48.16

PH-II, R.M -II & D.C.-II Approach road

9 7.94 7.36 1.06 15.75

TOTAL (A) 84.64 74.12 109.77 10.52 123.69

Total Rs.

233.46

CANALS

R.B.C. Km 1. to 7 34.12 34.12 31.1 0 0

R.B.C. Km 8 to 19 40 0 0 40 329

L.B.C. Km 1 to 4 13.24 13.24 12.58 0 0

L.B.C. Km 5 to 12 23.48 20.15 61.79 3.33 53.62

L.B.C. Km 13 to 16 12 0 12 98.7

Distributary 33 0 33 271.43

Minors 175 0 175 1439.38 TOTAL (B) 330.84 67.51 105.47 263.3 2192.13

2297.6

GRAND TOTAL (A+B) 415.48 141.6 215.24 273.9 2315.82

2531.06

Implementation plan for Rehabilitation of PCFP

The basic objective of the Rehabilitation Action Plan is to make certain that the PSFP by

for LIS Scheme will be provided with appropriate assistance to improve their living

standards. The prime concern is to rehabilitate and resettle to avoid/minimize hardship

to PSFP and their families through options like Land for Land as far as possible,

Rehabilitation Assistance (RA) and avenues of Income Generating Scheme and provide

training of entrepreneurships or self employment.

Compensation

As the MKVDC’s policy provides compensation at prevailing market price/replacement

value, Special Land Acquisition Officer-II, Solapur for the project has finalized the land

price with due consideration being given to the type of land, irrigated/un-irrigated status,

the sale statistics in the last five years and the tax collected from the different categories




171

of land by the revenue authorities. Besides the compensation as per the finalized rates

Solatium at 30 % and interest of 12 % to be paid for 33 days is also paid to all land

owners. Compensation for land, trees and construction was calculated and the

compensation was offered to the affected households. The total compensation offered for

the different assets and land for all the affected households is Rs 8, 82,505/- which

includes Rs 6,72,725/- offered exclusively for the land lost. The total land acquired for the

sub-station is 16.11 ha therefore the compensation offered for land is Rs 41,758 per

hectare. Apart from this Rs 11463/- has also being paid towards 6 numbers of Neem trees

that were coming under the acquired land.

Demography :

Population by SC and ST

Sr.

No.

Name of the village Total

Popula

tion

SC % ST %

1 Kalman 3587 441 12.15 15 0.4

2 Darphal Gawadi 2577 331 12.8 36 1.4

3 Wangi 824 99 12.0 7 0.8

4 Padsali 1864 198 10.6 27 1.4

5 Wadala 4315 737 17.1 14 0.3

6 Ranmasale 3334 348 10.4 67 2.0

7 Mohitewadi 315 44 14 0 0

8 Nannaj 6700 1165 17.2 100 1.5

9 Narotewadi 1445 224 19.6 8 0.7

10 Mardi 5243 1199 22.9 153 2.9

11 Akolekati 4069 705 17.2 22 0.5

12 Darphal Bibi 4713 687 14.6 55 1.2

13 Karmba 2675 427 16.0 112 4.2

14 Gulwanchi 2148 393 18.3 3 0.1

15 Bhogaon 1523 639 42.0 38 2.5

16 Banegaon 2085 622 29.8 172 8.2

17 Inchgaon 1019 16 1.6 0 0

18 Kemwadi ( Tuljapur) 1815 189 10.4 18 1.0

19 Gawalewadi (Tuljapur) 385 46 11.9 0 0




172

Distribution Of Population By Literates

Sr.

No.

Name of the

village

Total

Populatio

n

Persons % Male

literat

e

Male

illitera

te

Female

literate

Female

illiterat

e

1 Kalman 3587 2178 60.7 1258 568 920 841

2 Darphal

Gawadi

2577 1522 59.0 847 442 675 613

3 Wangi 824 525 63.7 305 120 220 179

4 Padsali 1864 939 50.3 570 409 369 516

5 Wadala 4315 2806 65.0 1617 594 1189 915

6 Ranmasale 3334 1939 58.1 1178 554 715 841

7 Mohitewadi 315 179 57.7 109 63 76 73

8 Nannaj 6700 4086 60.9 2390 1070 1696 1544

9 Narotewadi 1445 658 45.5 399 189 259 298

10 Mardi 5243 3132 59.7 1849 891 1283 1220

11 Akolekati 4069 2072 50.9 1252 842 820 1155

12 Darphal Bibi 4713 2714 57.5 1623 830 1091 1169

13 Karmba 2675 1544 57.7 928 458 616 673

14 Gulwanchi 2148 1280 59.5 774 350 466 538

15 Bhogaon 1523 917 60.2 585 248 332 358

16 Banegaon 2085 1091 52.3 657 397 434 597

17 Inchgaon 1019 591 57.9 363 165 228 283

18 Kemwadi (

Tuljapur)

1815 1056 58.1 649 328 407 431

19 Gawalewadi

(Tuljapur)

385 167 43.3 103 89 64 129

Population by occupation

Sr. No.

Name of the village

Total Population

Total Workers in persons

% Total Workers

Main Workers Marginal Workers

Male Fe Male

Male Female

Male Female

1 Kalman 3587 1874 52.2 1006 868 977 810 29 58 2 Darphal

Gawadi 2577 1451 56.3 741 704 706 389 41 315

3 Wangi 824 504 61.1 249 255 248 233 7 16 4 Padsali 1864 1092 58.5 567 425 583 501 4 24 5 Wadala 4315 2266 52.5 1234 1032 1116 734 118 298 6 Ranmasale 3334 1740 52.1 968 772 957 739 11 33 7 Mohitewad

i 315 171 54.2 101 70 97 2 14 68




173

8 Nannaj 6700 3510 52.3 2034 1476 1963 1250 71 226 9 Narotewad

i 1445 510 35.2 348 162 323 119 25 43

10 Mardi 5243 2249 42.8 1420 829 1376 800 44 29 11 Akolekati 4069 2228 54.7 1262 966 1176 882 86 84 12 Darphal

Bibi 4713 2280 48.3 1398 882 1362 744 36 138

13 Karmba 2675 1186 44.3 715 471 633 289 82 202 14 Gulwanchi 2148 944 43.9 576 388 561 328 15 40 15 Bhogaon 1523 627 41.1 378 249 363 224 15 25 16 Banegaon 2085 924 44.3 550 374 540 365 10 09 17 Inchgaon 1019 556 54.5 276 280 256 73 20 207 18 Kemwadi (

Tuljapur) 1815 1009 55.5 649 407 533 447 90 106

19 Gawalewadi (Tuljapur)

385 167 43.3 103 64 92 17 8 21

Population by sex

Sr. No. Name of the village Total

Population

Male Female Sex ratio

1 Kalman 3587 1826 1761 964

2 Darphal Gawadi 2577 1289 1288 999

3 Wangi 824 425 399 939

4 Padsali 1864 979 885 904

5 Wadala 4315 2211 2104 952

6 Ranmasale 3334 1732 1602 925

7 Mohitewadi 315 166 149 898

8 Nannaj 6700 3460 3240 936

9 Narotewadi 1445 588 557 947

10 Mardi 5243 2743 2503 914

11 Akolekati 4069 2094 1975 943

12 Darphal Bibi 4713 2453 2260 921

13 Karmba 2675 1386 1289 930

14 Gulwanchi 2148 1124 1024 911

15 Bhogaon 1523 833 690 828

16 Banegaon 2085 1054 1031 978

17 Inchgaon 1019 528 491 930

18 Kemwadi (

Tuljapur)

1815 977 838 857

19 Gawalewadi

(Tuljapur)

385 192 193 1003




174

Due to ShirapurLIS scheme no population is affected.

The name of the villages where only land acquisition is required is 1. Darphal Gawadi,

2.Wadala, 3. Shirapur,4. Gawlewadi 5 kemwadi , 6 Nannj ,7 Ranmasale 8 Bibi Darphal

Land Loss

The average land loss per family is 0.18ha due to canal infrastructure .

Occupation

The occupation distribution among the affected PCFP has been analysed. The majority of

the affected households i.e78.3 percent are farmers, and the rest are engaged in

household industries and other occupation.

Land Acquisition

According to the Socio -Economic Survey, a total of 446 ha of land has to be acquired

under the scheme. The details of the private land to be acquired is given in Table below

As per clause 6.4 of national policy on R & R for Project Affected Person 2007, each PCFP

whose entire land had been acquired may be allotted agricultural land or cultivable waste

land to the extent of actual land loss subject to a maximum of two hectares of unirrigated

government land, if available. Efforts are being made to resettle them in the same area. As

such land has to be acquired. The total cost of involuntary acquisition of land at Rs. 2.24

lakhs for unirrigated, solatium of 30 per cent for compulsory land acquisition, interest,

demarcation, legal and establishment charges

Vocational Training

Human Resources Development is the primary aspect for development of skills and

upgrading the existing skills among the beneficiaries/project affected persons on the

other, through training the individuals in the specific areas depending on the

role/involvement of the person. Training is a very crucial component for successful

implementation of the EMP having varied components related to different disciplines. The

training is also important for the project affected persons in upgradation of their skills

and also learning new skills to undertake different vocations of their interest. The training

for implementation of various components of EMP is at two levels.

Training program for the benefit of PCFP should be organised covering the

following aspects;

Beekeeping, collection of honey and its processing;

Collection of like neem seed, plants of medicinal value and collection of seeds/oilseeds of

tree origin like Karanj , etc.




175

Importance of Agro-forestry in maintenance of environment.

The farmers should, therefore, be trained in the economical and profitable use of water.

Training on land development programmes as well as adoption of new cropping pattern

based on soil types.

The training to PCFPs would also include lectures, visual aids, and visits to nearby places

where such activities are already taking place.

TRAINING BENEFICIARY FARMERS

The farmers in the command area who are the beneficiaries under the project require the

training in the following areas.

Awareness on Environment

formation of Water Users' Associations

Soil and Water Conservation

Irrigation Water Management

Improved Agricultural Practices

Plant Protection Applications

Usage of biological fertilizers and biological pesticides

Measures for groundwater development

The total financial requirements are to the tune of Rs. 5.00 lakh for training of PCFPs is

estimated.

Training module for PCFP

Sr. No Program Schedule Time Duration

days 1 Dairy Scheme Before receiving Cattle. 4 2 Intensive training on Dairy After receiving animals 7 3 Sheep and goat rearing Before receiving 3 4 Intensive training After Receiving 5 5 Poultry health and Backyard Keeping Before grounding 7 6 Training program on growing mulberry

Before plantation

4 7 Training program on rearing silkworm and

health care

After plantation 15 8 Fisheries 9 Water Management - 3 10 Training on Land, Water management and

Cropping Pattern

Before Sowing 7 11 Health Care and Nutrition - 1 12

Small Savings

- 1




176

Implementation of Rehabilation Action Plan (RAP)

Implementation and monitoring are critical activities in a Rehabilitation operation. The

implementation of RAP is to be carried out by MKVDC for which an Environment and

Social Management Team (ESMT) as per ESPP has been constituted at MKVDC Solapur.

Other members of the Team are Chief Manager, Superintending Engineer, Executive

Engineer, and Deputy Engineer. The ESMT will take up the implementation of RAP along

with the project implementation. The team will maintain all data bases, will closely work

with PSFP, target community and community based organizations.

Implementation Schedule

The implementation of RAP would be completed in approximately 12 months from the

date of approval for implementation. The implementation plan of RAP having time period

wise activity has been prepared. The implementation has been divided into 5 main

activities which include the following:

Mobilization for RAP implementation

Implementation

Distribution of Rehabilitation Assistance (Cash) through bank

Implementation of other Developmental works

Review Process

Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC)

To address problems of during implementation of RAP the MKVDC has set up a Grievance

Redress Committee constituted through nomination from different bodies and

representatives such as local administration, PAPs, Panchayat. Table presents a GRC

constituted for KT Weir LIS, Solapur comprising of following members

Table Grievance Redressal Committee

No Name/Designation

1 Deputy Engineer (Site)

2 Executive Engineer

3 Representative of local Revenue authority ( Tehsildar)

4 Representative of PSFPs

5 Sarpanch of Grampanchayat




177

Monitoring and Evaluation

The monitoring of will be carried out by the ESMT under the supervision of project in

charge. In addition to this, MKVDC Headquarters Pune will continuously monitor the

activities during the implementation of the RAP. Internal monitoring will be taken up by

the Superintendent Engineers (Solapur) and in charge of R&R Cell. Details of the periodic

review meetings shall be forwarded to Head Quarters, Pune. Quarterly review meetings

will be organized to assess the implementation of RAP.

Amenities to be developed by MKVDC in the villages wherein land is acquired

Community Hall

Roads

PHC

Drinking Water facility




178

CHAPTER 11

COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN




179

11. POTENTIAL CREATION & PROPOSED WORK

Shirapur LIS comprise of raising main, feeder canals, canal networks of existing in the

command area and new canal system for free command area.

The irrigation potential of the project is 10000 hector. As per the guidelines issued vide

Govt. circular (Marathi) No. CAD/1089/257/CAD (works) Mantralaya Mumbai Dt.

13.11.90. The work is split up in two parts viz. CAD component as per the project

estimate for administrative approval & CAD component outside the project estimate. The

type of works to be included in these two parts, have also been mentioned.

11.1 PROJECT COMPONENTS :

I Land DevelopmentPart I:

Works including topographical survey & selective Lining The ICA of the project is 10000

ha and part -I works on this area is proposed in project planning. The cost per ha is Rs.

3000/- Hence total cost will be Rs. 300 lakhs

II.Land Development part –II works :

As per Govt . Circular 10% area of ICA is proposed for land development under Part –II

works. i.e. 1000 hector. The cost / ha for part II work is Rs 11,000/ha. Hence the total cost

for part II will be Rs. 110 lakhs.

III. Sub Surface Drainage scheme :

The Command Area as per CCA available by deleting approx 7% Area for field channel,

field drain, graded bunds and structures comes to 16000x0.93= 14880hector. 3% area of

the same is 446.4 hector, CCA is proposed for drainage purpose. @ Rs. 4,000/ha. This will

cost Rs. 17.86 lakhs say Rs. 18.5 lakhs (Govt. of Maharashtra circular No CDA

1087/257/CAD works dated 13-11-1990)

11.2 ENGINEERING ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENDITURE:

Provision of 20% of total cost of project (Part I + Part II + Drainage work) for the

expenditure to be incurred towards this activity has been made. The provision works out

to 20% of (300 + 110 + 18.5 ) = 428.5 say 429 lakhs (Govt. of India Circular No 3 –

14/94 CAD dated 19-03-1997).

CAD Components

Rotational Water Supply Scheme

The total area for CCA for Scheme is 16000ha. The provision @ 365/ha resulting

estimated to 58.4 lakhs.




180

Ground water Exploitation & development

To promote conjunctive use of ground water in the command area, well irrigation is

proposed to be encouraged under Integrated Rural Development Program. Estimate

Total CCA – 1600 ha 10% area i.e. proposed @ Rs. 125/ha (As per VishnupurProject) –

Total cost = 1600 X 125 Rs. 2.00 lakhs.

for conjuctive use of ground water 600 No. wells are proposed in command area by

G.S.D.A. Assuming cost per well as Rs. 50,000 /-

Total cost of wells 600 X 50,000 = 300 lakhs

Total provision for I + II = 1.25 + 300 = 301.25 lakhs

11.3 CROP COMPENSATION

Out of 16000 ha CCA only 10 % i.e. 1600 ha is considered for land development provision

of compensation to 20% of balance L.D. part II i i.e. for 309 ha @ Rs. 2500/ha = Rs 7.7

lakhs

Subsidy in the rate of L.D part II

The difference between rate of land leveling by machinery and manually is proposed as

subsidy to farmers under L.D. part II works and lumsum provision of Rs. 5 lakhs which is

to be borne by state Government.

Total area 1600 ha

25 % small holders i.e. 1600 X 0.25 = 400 ha

33 % marginal holders i.e. 1600 X 0.33 = 528 ha

Total 928ha

Out of area 1600 – 928 = 851 ha considering 50% area of SC & ST = 425 X 0.50 = 212 ha

Subsidy

Small farmers387 X 11,000 = 42.57 lakhs 20 % = 7.7 lakhs

Marginal farmers 510 X 11,000 = 56.1 lakhs 33 % = 16.8 lakhs

For SC & ST –212 X 11,000 = 233 lakhs 50% = 24.7 lakhs

Total 49.2 lakhs

50 % of this should be shared by Govt, hence total subsidy (24.6 ) = 25 lakhs.

11.4 Land Leveling & Shaping :




181

In Maharashtra state, the land leveling and land shaping of agriculture fields are normally

done through Soil conservation Deptt. of the state. The finance for this work is generally

raised through institutional finance. Now a days the works are also got done through state

funding under employment guarantee scheme. The survey for the land leveling will be

done at the time of CAD activities as Rs. 110,000/ha for land leveling and shaping of Rs

255 lakhs.

11.5 CONSTRUCTION OF FIELD CHANNELS :

Field channels are constructed as a part of the project work but are to be maintained &

operated by the beneficiaries. The design of distribution system is carried out as per

circular No. M/s /1094/(156/194) MPCA Dt. 19.02.95.

Design of sections:

There will be standard section for 1 cusec capacity in lined and unlined portion. The

design of standard section will depend upon the following variables.

Bed gradient

Free board

Shape- rectangular, trapezoidal, semi circular etc.

Rugocity coefficient

Nature of soil ( Strata )

11.6 SOIL SURVEY

Irrigation Research Development, Pune carried out soil survey of15480 ha of land from

Shirapur LIS. The soil survey was carried out with the objective of studying

the nature and distribution of soil and their irrigability.

surface and subsurface drainage

(iii) A board description of infrastructural features like transport, godown and

manufacturing facilities, marketing etc.

Pre irrigation soil survey made on semi-detailed scale and hence it may give the detailed

information regarding very small units of command area. The scale adopted to carryout

the soil survey work was 2 units = 1 mile. With this scale 1 square inch represent 0.25 sq.

meter or 160 acres only.

Methodology for soil survey




182

Soil survey details worked on map scale 1: 20,000. This map prepared by reducing village

maps. The command is then divided into sub catchments. Each sub-catchment can be

regarded as an independent drainage unit.

In this area grid lines are laid 400 m. Apart and augar bores are taken at each grid point

upto 250 cm on hard strata if not first. Soil samples are collected at following depth

intervals (centimeters):- 0-20, 20-4-, 40 -80 , 80 - 120, 120 – 160, 160 – 200, 200 – 250.

the intensity and depth of sampling is adjusted to suit the topography and special feature.

Open profiles are studied as required. In these profiles the soil horzons, soil color, soil

texture, structure, mottling, consistence, existing of concretion, and root distribution are

studied. At suitable intervals, infiltration test id conducted to study the permeability of

different horizons.

For laboratory investigations, samples are collected from augar bore on alternate cross

sections or more if necessary to conduct the following laboratory tests, mechanical

analysis, pits electrical conductivity, saturation moisture, shrinkages percentage, free lime

and if necessary detailed analysis of soluble salts sand base exchange capability and

exchangeable sodium percentage.

Observation of sub soil water levels begin at the soil survey stages and continuous

throughtout the life of the project. Initially observations are taken for all the wells in the

command. Subsequently, these are taken twice a year on selected wells, that is in May/

June (pre- monsoon) and October / November (post-monsoon). Quality of water is also

studied in terms of pH/ EC and chemical composition of soluble salts.

The survey of nallas is taken to study their general nature and existence of barriers to

drainage.

The available data on climate, physiography, socioeconomic factors and other aspects of

infrastructure are complied for general information. This work is done later in future

details by the “ Command Area Development Authority” of the concerned project.

11.7 ITEMS FOR SURVEY WORKS

Field work :-

Excavating augar bores and recording the sub strata

Collecting soil samples from every fourth augar bores (i.e. 1,5,9,13 etc) of alternate cross

section (i.e. )

Excavation of open pit and to study it

Well observation work

To collect well water samples




183

Field tests such as infiltration test; Re-cuperration test, permeability test etc

Nalla survey

To collect river water samples

Laboratory work :-

To carry out a laboratory test of various soil and water samples collected from command.

Percentage of salt

pH Value (Alkalinity)

percentage saturation Moisture

percentage of shrinkage

Capillary rise

Mechanical analysis

Besides this the water samples collected were also tested for determinig the electrical

conductivity (salinity) and pH values (Alkalinity).

Other Miscelleneous Data

Climatologically Data

Information regarding existing crops grown in the command.

11.8 SOIL IRRIGABILITY AND LAND CAPABILITY CLASSES:

The aim of pre – irrigation soil survey is ultimately classify the command lands in

different irrigability classes (or irrigation suitability classes) “ hand book on irrigation

water management “ published by the water management Division under the Ministry of

Food Agriculture, Community development, and corporation, Government of India has

specified the norms as to how the irrigability classification should be done. This survey

considers the effective soil depth (useful for crops) texture for surface, permeability,

available water holding capacity, coarser, gravel and kankar rock out crops, salinity,

alkalinity sub soil drainage characteristics.

Land development for irrigation command has been accepted as a necessity in principle in

Maharashtra. It is therefore presumed that work of Ayacut Development will follow on

irrigation Projects thereby soil erosion is excepted to be taken for by proper land

development one more additional factors taken in to consideration is the subsoil water

level and how it would behave under the irrigated condtions.




184

However, while suggesting the classification the requirement of an irrigation

system in Maharashtra are taken in to account. In this state; the perennial crops are

strictly controlled for various reasons; firstly undulating country, variation in soil depth

and salinity conditions make it essential to limit the percentage of perennial crops.

(Sugarcane) Secondly high water requirements of water for perennial crops(ask for 8 to

12 times of water required by the seasonal crops) make it necessary to restrict

perennials, so that the irrigation benefits can be provided to as large area as possible

within a reasonable cost. In view of the heavy water requirements of perennial as

compared to seasonal; classification of lands in primarily based on natural drainage

conditions and other factors in above paras are also given due to consideration.

Sr. No Land irrigability Classes % of permissible Perinnals

1 I 12 to 15

2 II 9 to 12

3 III 6 to 9

4 IV 0 to 6

5 V -

6 VI -

Most of land under the project falls in land irrgability class II, III, IV and VI

Taking into consideration of soil irrigability classes, a continuous watch on behaviour of

sub soil water table will be necessary before and after irrigation with the data obtained

from such observations coupled with drainage to be provided lated on be construction of

drainage schemes as required, this classification may be modified from time to time, till

reasonable study conditions for water and salt balance are obtained in the command area.

11.9 FIELD DRAINAGE

Field drains are located in the low level portion of the holding & then connected to the

nearest natural drainage. There are no substantial constraints in the development of

command of KT Weir LIS project viz. no water logging, no soil erosion or salinity or

drainage problems. However possible areas having flat topography and deep soils may

needed treatment.

11.9.1 Chakbandi & Water Users Association

The water distribution system below minor canal will be handed over to water user’s

association. One water user’s association for about 500 to 600 hector area will be formed.

This water users association will be responsible for water distribution and revenue

collection & maintenance of canals & other development activity of the association.

Conjuctive Use Of Ground Water




185

The State GSDA will monitor the schemes of ground water utilization. The selection of site

for well will be done in consultation with state GSDA Department The construction of

individual dug wells & bore wells is an effective method of conjunctive use of surface and

ground water in the command area.

Under Ground Pipe Line

Such proposal is not made on this project at this stage.

Sprinkler & Drip Irrigation

The 5% of un-commanded area will be made available for lift irrigation on the canal

system. For this area sprinkler and drip irrigation will be encouraged. Panchayat samities

providing these facilities at subsidised water to farmers.

11.10 EVALUATION & MONITORING

Benefits for irrigation projects however, well planned and can not be maximized unless

the various system involved are well managed and organized. Hence after the project is

put into operation its performance must be evaluated from time to time. The deficiencies

in project performance must be found out and efforts made to improve its performance.

Hence analytical frame work for evaluation and monitoring of project performance is

given.

Inventory of local environment and schemes administrative resources.

Assessment of project performance

Identification of causes

Recommendations for improvements

Monitoring committee will be formed at department level. This monitoring program will

be supervised by CADA.

11.11 AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORK

The extension services are mainly provided by department of agriculture. The private

agencies like fertilizer depots, Agriculture service centers and insecticide/ pesticide firms

also provide extension services to a limited extend. Training and visits method is a main

organ of Deptt. Of Agriculture in Maharashtra for doing extension .The trainings and visit

method is popularly called as“ Benor Patterns “.

This is an improved agricultural extension system in which these are two important

features. That is “Training “and “Visit”. In training the officers, village extension workers

are trained on fortnightly basis and then these workers gives the training to farmers once

in a fortnight. The messages on important technologies are prepared and transferred




186

from the district level right down to village extension works and the farmers, lumsum

provision of Rs 9.0 lakhs is made for this activity.

11.12 SOCIO– ECONOMIC SURVEY

To acquaint with the socio economic condition of formers, it is required to carry out socio

economic survey. The survey comprises of bench mark survey and post irrigation survey

after 5 years lumsum provision of Rs 10 lakhs is made for this activity.

Trial Cum Demonstration Farm ( Tcd Farm)

In under to carry out various experiments for better crop productions and to demonstrate

the improved method of farming to the farmers, It is proposed to establish two TCD farm.

The objective of establishing such farms are as below:

To demonstrate the farmers the cropping pattern and method of cultivation in irrigated

command area.

To convince the farmers the importance of field channels and structures thereon

To study the various methods of cultivations on the properties of soil.

To demonstrate about the improved methods of cultivation of Irrigated land and to

pursue them for adopting these methods.

To carry out the experiments in connection with time of watering and method of

application of irrigation water and to arrange demonstration of this.

To arrange demonstration in connection with improved method of cultivation and crop

rotation.

Keeping in view of above objectives, the farm is proposed to be developed over in area of

25 hector lumsum provision of Rs 30 lakhs is made for this activity.

11.13 TRAINING TO FARMERS & FIELD STAFF

It is necessary t o establish one training centre in the command of KT Weir LIS . This

proposal aims for following reasons.

To give private training to the tech-Assistants, agriculture assistants, Civil Engineer

Assistants, Canal Inspectors, Extension Officers and other field staff so that they can

manage to set max . Co-operation in discharges their duties more efficiently.

To provide training to the cultivators in command area regarding the latest modifications,

techniques and to achieve remarkable rise in the crop production lumsum provision of Rs

50 lakhs is made for this activity




187

Farmers Exchange Program

The object of the program is to arrange study tour for the cultivators in the command of

ShirapurLIS Project and demonstrate how the cultivators take the advantages of modern

techniques or cultivation, cropping pattern, crop rotation, R.W.S. etc. for better crop

production and there by increasing socio economic status of farmers lumsum provision of

Rs 10 lakhs is made for this activity.

Soil Testing Laboratory

It is proposed to have soil testing laboratory for testing soil samples in command of

Shirapur LIS.

Handing Over Management To Water User’s Association

The canal system is to be handed over to WUA coming forward for water management

activities. The provision for this purpose is as per Govt. circular Marathi No. CMF – 1090

(122/96) (m) Irrigation Department Mantrlaya Mumbai dated 21-03-1991.

About 16000 ha CCA area is proposed to be handed over societies. Maintenance grant to

be given to WUS (water utilizing society)

for first two year @ Rs. 100

for third year @ Rs. 50/-

16000 X 1000 X 2 = 320 lakhs

16000 X 50 X 1 = 80 lakhs

Total = 400 lakhs

Crop Cutting Experiment

Crop cutting experiments will be conducted by the department of agriculture to estimate

the district level average yield for different crops.

The main objective of the crop cutting experiments is to obtain estimate of average yield

of different crops grown in the command area, separately for irrigated and un-irrigated

categories. Since the production of different crops depends on the area under the crop

and the estimated average yield at project level, the production figure could be derived

once the figure of areas under different crops for the corresponding seasons are available

lumsum provision of Rs 10 lakhs is made for this activity .

Installation Of Wireless Station

For efficient operation of distribution system wireless net work is need of hour lumsum

provision of Rs 30 lakhs is made for this activity.




188

Maintenance of OFD Works

WUA and irrigation management wing are responsible for maintenance of OFD works.

However, the field channels in Govt. land are maintained by Irrigation department or

CADA.

Rural Roads

Existing ayacut roads in the field are very merge and those available are in operation

during fair weather only. However, the cart track passages in between the fields are

exists. Improvement of these cart track passages is attended by the state PWD and Zilla

Parishad.

11.14 MARKET INFRASTRUCTURE

It is important part of command area development which include.

Market yard

Auction facilities

Yard roads

Storage facilities

All above facilities are available in command area. APMC centers and there sub centers

are available at Dist. - Taluka levels and big villages in command. Vegetable and fruits

market are available at all taluka places and big villages. Solapur is the main market

where all facilities are available to farmers at one place.

Cost Estimates

Cost details of various types of activities included under CAD program are given:

Sr. No. Description (Sub-estimate) Estimates Amt Rs. In lakhs

Land development work part I Rs. 300 /-

Land development work part II Rs 110/-

Subsurface drainage scheme Rs 18.5/-

Engineering and administrative Expenditure Rs. 85.8/-

Total 514.3 lakhs

Part II CAD Component

Groundwater Exploitation Rs 301.25/-

Crop compensation Rs. 7.7 /-

Subsidy in rate of L.D. part II Rs 49.2 /-

Agriculture Extension works Rs. 9.0/-




189

Socio Economic Survey Rs. 10.0/-

Trial cum demonstration form Rs. 30.0/-

Training to farmers and field staff Rs. 50.0/-

Farmers Exchange program Rs. 10.0/-

Handing over water management to Co-

operative society

Rs 400 /-

Monitoring and evaluation 10,000 Rs. 1.0/-

Installation of wireless station Rs. 30.0/-

Crop cutting experiment Rs. 10.0/-

Land leveling & shaping Rs. 255.0/-

Total Rs. 1163.15/-

20% Engineering and Administrative

Expenditure

Rs. 85.8/-

Total Rs.1248.95 Lakhs




190

DISCLOSURE OF THE CONSULTANT ENGAGED

Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation,has engaged Yogiraja Industrial

Consultant (YIC) Pune to prepare Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) study report for

Shirapur Lift Irrigation Scheme, Mohol, Solapur, and Maharahtra.

EIA is prepared jointly by the Yogiraja Industrial Consultant and Naik Environment

Research Institute Ltd. on the basis of the data and information supplied by the client. To

best of our knowledge, data from various agencies like, Census of India, Indian Metrology

Department, Local Forest office, Geological Survey of India, Ground water Survey Agency,

National Remote Sensing Agency Hydrabad, Zilla Parishad’s yearly Publication, Taluka

office, Local forest Office National Sanctuary where forest is located and search on the

internet for reference on EIA are the main source. Besides this the primary data has been

collected by the staff of Yogiraja Industrial Consultant. Conversion of information in text

form supplied by the above agencies and data compilation is carried out by Yogiraja

Industrial Consultant.

Yogiraja Industrial Consultant ISO 9001: 2008 Certified & Crisil Rated Certified

Environment, Safety consultant with inhouse full fledged laboratory facility. Our

Laboratory services we are running under the banner of JV Analytical Services.

To best of our knowledge the information in the EIA report is true and correct. In case

certain text or data found to be similar with books or report, it may be considered as

coincidence or they have been referred as being appropriate.

The following staff of the company was involved in preparing EIA.

Dr. C. P. Vibhute Proprietor

Mr. Deepak Naik EIA s Coordinator

Dr. Dilip Sathe Senior Environmental Consultant

Mrs. Anuja Karhu Manager

Ms. Rupali Chandrekar Environmental Consultant

Mr. Deepak Patsawane Office Assistant

Mr. Yogesh Mendhe Environmental Consultant

Mrs. Priti Singh GIS expert




191

Public Heritage

p z q t q : ; ~ * , 1 p $ u e n m ; m * m * - 35. d,-*%*,.w.($), ' -- *-'do0 073 - .t

~ a r n r r ~ ~ $ t $ ~ , ~ . b f i i f a r , ~ - ~ s r * R i . i n ~ ~ ~ ~ r n ~ ~ . ' i m %%~'&%K-~-?TF~RR~~W 39- ? o , o o o ~

afs;fn*Bkmm*YIIP. m m s m r ~ d ~ ~ & d w w m r k & . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ m ~ ~ I ~ ? W , W T I ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * - M 7fiw49i;llm*wm**. .

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- ** i - FFIxa ~ 3 . 0 0 wlal w&?lwmhMwTif$FI-.----

MAHdRASHtRA POLCtUTlON CONTROL BOARQ:;: ,

HEAD OFFEE : KALPATARU POINT, 3d&4$@d~, SIOM MATUNGA SCHEME RO@ NO: 8, OPP. SKIN CIRCLE:' I

SlON (EAST). MUMBAI- 400 022 I i

UJANl CANAL DIV. No. 8, MAHARASHTRA KRISHNA VALLEY DEVELOPMENT CORPORAWN, SOLAPUR Is p w n g to implement its Shirapur Lii'lrfgation Scheme, at Shirapur, TaKMqhal, Solapur DiiW A Lifl irrigation scheme M lii from Shiraptlr Tank provklingirriga~ benefits to 29 villageswhicb caym 10,000 Hectors of area in North Solapur 8 TulJapur Talukas of elapur and Osinan&bad Districts by d s .

Apublic hearing is proposed to be cdndu@ed, from eiqronmental angle about this project. AH persons hidudifig bonafkie "Midents, environmental groups and others, l w t e d at project site can participate in the public hearing.

Venue : Great Indian Bird ~ e s t HOU&~J$.- Nannaj, . . . . . . . Tal.- North Solapur, Dist.-Sqhpur .. , L

D& of Public Hearlng : Tuesday, 23/06/2015 Time of Public Hearing : I f .00 AM - . - Copies of the Executive Summary of thi pro)@, ~n&onment

I m p a c t m m e n t are being made available in as well as in Me th i at fdfMhg OW. 1. D i d Collector Ofiioe, Solapur.- ,-.

2. Chief E x W e Office, Zlha Pa&had,Solapuru '% . . 3. The Regional Office, M. P. C. Board, Pune 411 d03, 4. Head Office, M. P. C. Board, Kalpataru Point, 3* 8 ~ 4 ~ Floor, Sion

Matunga Scheme Road No. -8, Opp. Skm Cirde, Sion (East), Mumbai $00 022. '7

5. Environment Department Gout. of Maharashtra, Ne&Administrbtive Building, IP Floor, Madain Karna Road, Mantralap, Mumbai 400 032.

6. The Sub-Regional Office, M.P.C. Board, 4/8, Bali Block, Civil Lines, Opp. Gwt. Milk Dairy, Saat Rasta, Solapur 413 003.

7. Tahasil OfAc-9, Mohol Tahasil, Tat.- Mohol, Dist.- Sdapur. 8. Block Development Office, Panchayat Sarnbe Mohoi, Di&- Sdapur. 9. Grampanchayat offices, Viilages - Shiipur, Vangi, Akolekatl,

Inchagaon, Banegaon, Vadala, Gulwanchi, Raninasale, Bhogaon, Qaifal (Bibi), D a M (Gad) , Nannaj, Padsali, Narotevjadi, Ka!marr, Mardi, Mitewadi, Karamba, kl.- North Ma*, Disk Solapur and Village Kernwadi, G a k d i , Tal- Tuljapur, D i i t O$anabad. Suggestions opinions, comments, objections etic:.of,of,thg pubnc, can

be filed at any of the above offices in wrtting on or b$1for.e-2WO15. (S. J. Shinde).

I/c. Sub Regional Officer, . . M. P. C. Board, Solapur

t -

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ANNEXURE - V

PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE

PUBLIC HEARING




192

ANNEXURE




193

ANNEXURE A

LOCATION OF SHIRAPUR KT WEIR

Shirapur LIS




194

ANNEXURE B

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SHIRAPUR LIS




195

ANNEXURE C

COMMAND AREA




196

ANNEXURE D

METEROLOGICAL DATA OF SOLAPUR

Month/year 2014 Daily Average High

0C temp

Daily Average Low

0C Temp

Precepitation cm

January 31 17 0.27

Feburary 34 18 0.19

March 38 22 0.53

April 40 25 1.19

May 40 25 2.59

June 35 24 8.83

July 32 23 8.94

August 31 22 9.93

September 32 22 11.63

October 33 21 7.6

November 32 18 1.74

December 30 16 0.59




197

ANNEXURE E

RAINFALL DATA

Monthly Rainfall Data 2014

Month Rainfall

(mm)

January 0

February 3

March 7

April 27

May 50

June 47

July 28

August 31

September 121

October 96

November 32

December 7

Year 448

Rainfall Data Tahasilwise 2012-13

Sr. No. Name of Tahasil Rainfall mm 1 Karmala 541 2 Madha 534 3 Barshi 596 4 North Solapur 617 5 Mohol 573 6 Pandharpur 573 7 Malshiras 463 8 Mangalvedha 462 9 Pandharpur 519 10 South Solapur 617 11 Akkalkot 676 Average 561




198

NORMALS OF TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY (SOLAPUR)

Month

Mean daily

maximum

temperature

°C

Mean daily

minimum

temperature

°C

Highest maximum

ever recorded

Lowest minimum

ever recorded

Relative

humidity

°C °C 0830*

%

1730*

%

January 30.4 15.3 36.7 4.4 49 30

February 33.2 17.1 39.4 6.1 40 22

March 36.8 20.8 43.9 12.2 35 19

April 39.3 24.2 44.4 13.9 38 19

May 39.9 25.1 45.6 16.1 48 24

June 34.7 23.3 44.4 17.2 69 51

July 31.3 22.3 38.9 18.3 74 61

August 31.2 21.8 37.8 15.0 76 58

September 31.1 21.6 37.2 17.5 77 57

October 32.1 20.4 38.3 12.8 64 43

November 30.4 17.2 36.1 7.8 57 34

December 29.3 14.8 34.4 6.7 53 29

Annual 33.3 20.3

57 37

MEAN WIND SPEED IN KM /HR. (SOLAPUR)

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual

9.0 8.9 9.2 10.3 13.2 15.3 15.9 13.8 10.3 9.3 9.8 9.0 11.2




199

ANNEXURE F

AMBIENT AIR MONITORING DATA IN BUFFER ZONE OF

SHIRAPURLIS

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY (µg/m3) MONITORED IN BUFFER ZONE

During Three Seasons

SUMMER

Ambient Air Quality Monitored at Shirapur

Sample No. Date of

Monitoring

24 Hour Average Concentration in g/m3 of

PM 2.5 µ PM 10 µ SO2 NOX CO mg/m3

for 8 hrs.

1 3-4/3/14 12.1 41.2 7.1 10.4 < 1

2 5-6/3/14 11.1 44.3 8.0 11.8 <1

3 10-11/3/14 10.4 47.5 7.5 12.2 <1

4 12-13/3/14 10.9 51.3 7.9 12.1 <1

5 1-2/04/14 9.4 53.2 8.1 13.6 <1

6 3-4/04/14 11.1 44.5 8.3 11.5 <1

7 6-7/04/14 10.0 41.6 8.8 9.8 < 1

8 8-9 /04/14 10.6 43.8 7.4 11.9 <1

9 5-6/05/14 10.8 47.6 8.7 8.7 <1

10 7-8/05/14 11.5 49.2 8.6 10.6 < 1

11 12-13/05/14 11.3 46.1 8.2 12.2 <1

12 14-15/05/14 11.7 48.2 8.5 12.7 <1

Percentile 11.4 52.8 8.7 13.3 <1

CPCB

Standard

60 100 80 80 4

Ambient Air Quality Monitored at LambotiOn NH 9

Sample No. Date of

Monitoring


PM 2.5 µ PM 10 µ SO2 NOX CO mg/m3

1 3-4/3/14 31.2 75.8 19.3 34.2 1.8

2 5-6/3/14 30.2 70.5 18.2 33.5 2.4

3 10-11/3/14 39.7 75.3 18.3 32.8 2.5

4 12-13/3/14 31.2 73.8 19.5 36.8 1.9

5 1-2/04/14 35.3 74.9 18.8 34.1 2.8

6 3-4/04/14 33.6 76.7 19.3 37.5 2.7

7 6-7/04/14 32.8 79.2 20.1 38.6 1.9




200

8 8-9 /04/14 34.5 79.3 19.2 39.6 2.1

9 5-6/05/14 31.9 75.7 18.4 35.9 2.3

10 7-8/05/14 32.5 73.4 17.5 37.5 2.0

11 12-13/05/14 33.8 80.8 19.0 38.6 2.6

12 14-15/05/14 33.5 74.5 17.4 36.3 1.9

Percentile 38.7 80.4 19.9 39.3 2.7

CPCB Standard 60 100 80 80 4

Ambient Air Quality Monitored at Wadval

Sample No. Date of

Monitoring


PM 2.5 µ PM 10 µ SO2 NOX CO

mg/m3

1 3-4/3/14 12.1 48.6 7.2 13.2 < 1

2 5-6/3/14 15.2 51.4 7.8 13.7 <1

3 10-11/3/14 13.1 47.3 6.3 13.6 <1

4 12-13/3/14 13.8 45.8 6.5 13.6 <1

5 1-2/04/14 12.8 44.9 6.8 14.1 <1

6 3-4/04/14 11.8 48.7 7.3 14.7 <1

7 6-7/04/14 13.9 52.3 6.9 14.4 < 1

8 8-9 /04/14 13.3 45.3 7.5 13.3 <1

9 5-6/05/14 12.4 47.7 6.4 12.8 <1

10 7-8/05/14 13.8 43.2 7.5 13.8 < 1

11 12-13/05/14 13.2 47.7 7.0 13.5 <1

12 14-15/05/14 13.4 43.5 7.4 13.2 <1

Percentile 14.9 52.1 7.7 14.6 <1


Ambient Air Quality Monitored at Morvanchi

Sample No. Date of

Monitoring



mg/m3

1 3-4/3/14 10.2 42.6 7.3 13.2 < 1

2 5-6/3/14 10.2 43.5 6.8 14.4 <1

3 10-11/3/14 10.2 35.3 8.2 14.9 <1

4 12-13/3/14 11.2 41.8 7.2 14.1 <1

5 1-2/04/14 09.5 40.7 8.1 14.3 <1

6 3-4/04/14 09.4 46.7 8.3 13.7 <1

7 6-7/04/14 10.6 42.2 8.1 14.7 < 1

8 8-9 /04/14 10.9 39.3 8.4 13.6 <1

9 5-6/05/14 8.7 35.7 8.6 12.9 <1

10 7-8/05/14 8.9 35.2 7.5 12.6 < 1




201

11 12-13/05/14 8.7 32.8 6.8 14.6 <1

12

14-15/05/14 9.3 38.9 8.1 12.9 <1

Percentile 11.1 45.9 8.5 14.8 <1


Ambient Air Quality Monitored at Arjunsond

Sample No. Date of

Monitoring



mg/m3

1 3-4/3/14 12.3 55.3 9.3 14.5 < 1

2 5-6/3/14 10.9 57.8 10.4 13.8 <1

3 10-11/3/14 11.6 54.3 9.7 15.8 <1

4 12-13/3/14 10.5 49.8 9.9 16.5 <1

5 1-2/04/14 11.3 54.3 11.0 15.4 <1

6 3-4/04/14 10.8 51.7 10.3 13.7 <1

7 6-7/04/14 11.7 55.4 10.7 16.7 < 1

8 8-9 /04/14 15.2 51.0 9.2 15.8 <1

9 5-6/05/14 11.9 56.2 8.4 13.6 <1

10 7-8/05/14 12.5 50.2 7.8 14.6 < 1

11 12-13/05/14 14.2 48.6 9.0 15.6 <1

12 14-15/05/14 16.2 49.2 8.2 13.2 <1

Percentile 16.0 57.4 10.9 16.7 <1

CPCB

Standard

60 100 80 80 4

Post monsoon season

Ambient Air Quality Monitored at Shirapur

Sample No. Date of

Monitoring



mg/m3

1 1-2/9/14 7.2 38.5 5.3 9.2 < 1

2 10-11/9/14 7.5 40.5 5.8 10.5 <1

3 19-20/9/14 6.7 43.3 5.3 10.0 <1

4 22-23/9/14 7.1 43.8 4.5 8.4 <1

5 6-7/10/14 9.3 42.9 6.8 7.9 <1

6 13-14/10/14 8.5 45.7 5.3 9.1 <1

7 17-18/10/14 7.4 32.2 7.1 7.4 < 1

8 27-28/10/14 7.3 37.3 4.2 7.6 <1

9 3-4/11/14 7.9 35.7 4.4 9.7 <1




202

10 10-11/11/14 8.0 39.2 5.7 8.0 < 1

11 17-18/11/14 8.3 32.8 5.0 9.2 <1

12 24-25/11/14 8.6 31.4 4.2 9.5 <1

Percentile 9.1 45.2 7.0 10.3 <1


Ambient Air Quality Monitored at Lamboti NH 9

Sample No. Date of

Monitoring



mg/m3

1 1-2/9/14 18.8 59.3 13.1 22.6 1.1

2 10-11/9/14 19.3 51.5 11.2 20.5 1.3

3 19-20/9/14 17.7 51.2 10.3 22.8 1.5

4 22-23/9/14 19.3 48.1 9.9 20.4 1.2

5 6-7/10/14 17.5 52.1 14.8 21.1 1.1

6 13-14/10/14 18.6 51.3 14.3 23.7 1.2

7 17-18/10/14 18.6 47.6 13.8 21.4 1.3

8 27-28/10/14 16.3 48.9 11.2 24.2 1.1

9 3-4/11/14 17.9 50.2 10.4 20.9 1.1

10 10-11/11/14 19.5 49.8 10.7 20.5 1.1

11 17-18/11/14 21.4 50.7 9.8 21.8 1.1

12 24-25/11/14 19.2 51.7 10.2 21.4 1.3

Percentile 20.9 57.7 14.6 24.0 1.2



Sample No. Date of

Monitoring


PM 2.5

µ

PM 10 µ SO2 NOX CO

mg/m3

1 1-2/9/14 8.2 50.3 7.8 12.3 < 1

2 10-11/9/14 9.3 49.6 9.2 13.5 <1

3 19-20/9/14 7.9 47.6 10.3 11.8 <1

4 22-23/9/14 8.4 48.3 8.5 12.6 <1

5 6-7/10/14 8.4 52.9 8.8 11.1 <1

6 13-14/10/14 9.2 48.7 9.5 10.7 <1

7 17-18/10/14 9.3 50.1 10.4 12.4 < 1

8 27-28/10/14 8.7 51.3 9.2 10.6 <1

9 3-4/11/14 8.4 46.3 10.1 9.9 <1

10 10-11/11/14 8.0 50.9 8.7 11.7 < 1

11 17-18/11/14 7.2 48.6 7.7 11.2 <1

12 24-25/11/14 9.2 50.6 8.2 10.9 <1




203

Percentile 9.3 52.5 10.4 13.3 <1



Sample No. Date of

Monitoring



mg/m3

1 2-3/9/14 7.5 52.6 7.5 11.1 < 1

2 9-10/9/14 8.1 53.5 7.2 10.4 <1

3 19-20/9/14 6.4 53.1 8.1 9.3 <1

4 26-27/9/14 7.2 52.8 7.4 11.8 <1

5 5-6/10/14 6.8 51.9 8.3 10.1 <1

6 15-16/10/14 7.6 48.9 6.6 11.6 <1

7 20-21/10/14 7.9 51.4 7.2 11.0 < 1

8 24-25/10/14 6.7 49.2 7.8 10.7 <1

9 6-7/11/14 6.3 50.7 6.4 12.6 <1

10 12-13/11/14 7.5 50.1 7.3 11.0 < 1

11 22-23/11/14 8.1 53.1 8.6 9.9 <1

12 29-30/11/14 8.0 52.4 8.0 10.1 <1

Percentile 8.1 53.4 8.5 12.4 <1



Sample No. Date of

Monitoring



mg/m3

1 1-2/9/14 6.8 45.6 8.3 9.8 < 1

2 10-11/9/14 7.4 47.3 8.7 10.2 <1

3 19-20/9/14 8.5 48.5 8.3 10.0 <1

4 22-23/9/14 7.8 48.6 9.3 10.6 <1

5 6-7/10/14 8.3 46.8 8.8 9.8 <1

6 13-14/10/14 9.5 47.8 7.8 10.2 <1

7 17-18/10/14 10.6 50.1 9.2 10.5 < 1

8 27-28/10/14 9.4 48.4 8.4 9.5 <1

9 3-4/11/14 8.7 46.3 8.9 10.9 <1

10 10-11/11/14 7.5 49.2 7.3 10.5 < 1

11 17-18/11/14 9.2 46.3 8.9 10.4 <1

12 24-25/11/14 10.2 51.6 7.5 10.6 <1

Percentile 10.5 51.3 9.3 10.8 <1

CPCB

Standard

60 100 80 80 4




204

Winter

Ambient Air Quality Monitored at Shriapur

Sample No. Date of

Monitoring



mg/m3

1 1-2/12/14 9.1 56.9 9.3 11.2 < 1

2 8-09/12/14 10.6 55.1 8.2 10.5 <1

3 15-16/12/14 11.8 56.3 8.3 12.8 <1

4 22-23/12/14 10.3 61.3 9.5 10.6 <1

5 3-4/01/15 13.2 57.6 8.8 12.1 <1

6 11-12/1/15 13.8 56.3 9.3 13.7 <1

7 19-20/1/15 12.7 58.1 10.1 11.4 < 1

8 24-25/1/15 12.1 52.6 9.2 13.6 <1

9 5-6/2/15 11.5 56.1 8.4 10.9 <1

10 13-14/2/15 10.2 58.2 7.5 10.0 < 1

11 20-21/2/15 10.6 56.2 9.0 9.6 <1

12 27-28/2/15 10.3 58.9 7.4 11.4 <1

Percentile 13.7 60.7 9.9 13.6 <1


Ambient Air Quality Monitored at Lamboti NH 9

Sample No. Date of

Monitoring



mg/m3

1 1-2/12/14 21.9 59.7 19.2 32.2 1.2

2 8-09/12/14 23.5 65.2 17.2 31.5 1.8

3 15-16/12/14 22.7 65.6 18.3 32.8 1.1

4 22-23/12/14 26.4 68.2 18.5 33.6 1.2

5 3-4/01/15 25.8 59.3 18.8 34.1 1.1

6 11-12/1/15 27.1 61.4 19.3 33.7 1.1

7 19-20/1/15 24.4 61.2 21.1 30.4 1.3

8 24-25/1/15 23.4 63.1 19.2 31.6 1.1

9 5-6/2/15 21.9 67.4 18.4 32.9 1.1

10 13-14/2/15 25.2 69.3 17.5 31.0 1.1

11 20-21/2/15 26.4 67.2 19.0 30.5 1.1

12 27-28/2/15 24.9 68.6 19.4 32.9 1.2

Percentile 26.9 69.1 20.7 34.0 1.2





205


Sample No. Date of

Monitoring



mg/m3

1 1-2/12/14 13.1 58.1 8.5 10.4 < 1

2 8-09/12/14 14.5 55.9 8.9 12.5 <1

3 15-16/12/14 13.5 56.6 9.3 12.3 <1

4 22-23/12/14 13.8 57.2 8.5 11.6 <1

5 3-4/01/15 13.9 59.3 10.3 10.1 <1

6 11-12/1/15 14.6 56.6 7.9 12.7 <1

7 19-20/1/15 15.1 54.2 8.8 10.4 < 1

8 24-25/1/15 16.8 61.4 9.2 11.6 <1

9 5-6/2/15 15.8 59.1 8.4 13.2 <1

10 13-14/2/15 15.9 59.2 8.7 12.0 < 1

11 20-21/2/15 16.4 55.2 9.5 11.5 <1

12 27-28/2/15 16.2 58.7 9.4 10.9 <1

Percentile 16.7 60.9 10.1 13.9 <1



Sample No. Date of

Monitoring



mg/m3

1 1-2/12/14 12.7 55.7 7.3 13.2 < 1

2 8-09/12/14 13.9 56.7 7.2 12.5 <1

3 15-16/12/14 13.9 58.1 9.1 13.8 <1

4 22-23/12/14 14.7 59.0 8.6 11.6 <1

5 3-4/01/15 13.2 61.4 9.1 11.1 <1

6 11-12/1/15 14.2 57.1 9.5 13.7 <1

7 19-20/1/15 12.3 59.9 9.6 12.4 < 1

8 24-25/1/15 13.8 63.6 9.7 13.6 <1

9 5-6/2/15 13.2 59.4 8.6 12.9 <1

10 13-14/2/15 13.7 61.3 8.5 11.0 < 1

11 20-21/2/15 13.5 51.7 9.2 10.5 <1

12 27-28/2/15 11.6 53.7 9.5 12.9 <1

Percentile 14.5 63.1 9.6 13.7 <1






206

Sample No. Date of

Monitoring



mg/m3

1 1-2/12/14 13.8 54.2 9.1 14.4 < 1

2 8-09/12/14 11.4 47.6 9.3 14.3 <1

3 15-16/12/14 12.1 44.6 9.4 11.9 <1

4 22-23/12/14 12.8 47.4 10.0 11.5 <1

5 3-4/01/15 12.4 52.3 9.9 12.2 <1

6 11-12/1/15 13.7 53.8 10.1 13.7 <1

7 19-20/1/15 14.7 51.2 10.8 11.8 < 1

8 24-25/1/15 14.6 52.8 9.1 11.3 <1

9 5-6/2/15 12.7 51.2 10.9 10.2 <1

10 13-14/2/15 13.6 52.6 10.2 10.5 < 1

11 20-21/2/15 15.1 53.7 10.6 11.9 <1

12 27-28/2/15 14.2 52.7 10.1 11.1 <1

Percentile 15.0 54.1 10.8 14.3 <1

CPCB

Standard

60 100 80 80 4




207

ANNEXURE G

SOIL SAMPLE OF SHIRAPUR LIFT IRRIGATION SCHEME SOLAPUR.

Date of Sampling Summer : May 6, 2014

Date of Sampling Monsoon :Sept.2, 2014

Date of Sampling Winter : Jan 12, 2015

Village Name: - Shirapur

No. Properties Summer Rainy Winter 1 pH 7.91 8.18 7.8 2 EC µs/cm 0.28 0.48 0.33 3 Organic Carbon % 0.38 0.61 0.41 4 Available Nitrogen kg/ha 112.0 181.2 78.1 5 Available Phosphorous kg/ha 25.80 60.5 18.3 6 Available Potassium kg/ha 248.69 283.4 265.9 7 Moisture% 6.56 23.8 11.8 Physical Properties 1 A) Sand% 64.87 B)Silt% 13.68

C)Clay% 21.36 2 Water holding capacity% 36.34 3 Specific gravity g/cc 2.4 4 Bulk Density g/cc 1.60 5 Porosity % 50.5

2) Village Name: - Lamboti

No. Properties Summer Rainy Winter 1 pH 8.1 8.3 8.2 2 EC µs/cm 0.55 0.78 0.61 3 Organic Carbon % 0.78 1.01 0.69 4 Available Nitrogen kg/ha 45 89.0 49.6 5 Available Phosphorous kg/ha 21.4 58.9 33.4 6 Available Potassium kg/ha 322.97 355.0 302.9 7 Moisture% 8. 9 24.9 16.7 Physical Properties 1 A) Sand% 45.00 B)Silt% 16.37

C)Clay% 38.52 2 water holding capacity% 53.59 3 Specific gravity g/cc 2.20 4 Bulk Density g/cc 1.15 5 Porosity % 60.40




208

3) Village Name:- Wadval

No. Properties Summer Rainy Winter 1 pH 8.14 8.20 7.9 2 EC µs/cm 0.35 0.76 0.65 3 Organic Carbon % 0.46 0.68 0.60 4 Available Nitrogen kg/ha 55.2 132.9 98.2 5 Available Phosphorous kg/ha 11.60 68.9 45.2 6 Available Potassium kg/ha 122.51 186.9 134.7 7 Moisture% 8.30 21.8 15.5 Physical Properties 1 A) Sand% 21.61 B)Silt% 23.83

C)Clay% 54.46 2 water holding capacity% 49.86 3 Specific gravity g/cc 2.49 4 Bulk Density g/cc 1.33 5 Porosity % 63.16

4) Village Name: - Morvanchi

No. Properties Summer Rainy Winter 1 pH 6.9 7.5 7.2 2 EC µs/cm 0.32 0.45 0.35 3 Organic Carbon % 1.28 1.35 1.29 4 Available Nitrogen kg/ha 43.6 69.0 45.8 5 Available Phosphorous kg/ha 21.50 95.9 35.0 6 Available Potassium kg/ha 158.0 145.2 143.0 7 Moisture% 6.75 17.9 11.0 Physical Properties

1 A) Sand% 62.24

B)Silt% 12.01

C)Clay% 25.66

2 water holding capacity% 48.48

3 Specific gravity g/cc 2.38

4 Bulk Density g/cc 1.41

5 Porosity % 56.75

5. Village Name: Arjunsond

No. Properties Summer Rainy Winter

1 pH 8.1 8.3 8.2

2 EC µs/cm 0.45 0.53 0.49

3 Organic Carbon % 0.13 0.38 0.21

4 Available Nitrogen kg/ha 26.2 75.4 13.4




209

5 Available Phosphorous kg/ha 12.1 48.4 21.2

6 Available Potassium kg/ha 214 235 167

7 Moisture % 6.4 13.4 8.4

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 21.2

B)Silt% 28.4

C)Clay% 41.4

water holding capacity% 29.0

Specific gravity g/cc 2.1

Bulk Density g/cc 1.56

Porosity % 43.8

6. Village Name: Darphal Bibi


1 pH 8.2 8.3 8.2

2 EC µs/cm 0.32 0.421 0.36

3 Organic Carbon % 0.12 0.17 0.14

4 Available Nitrogen kg/ha 44.5 123 38.9


6 Available Potassium kg/ha 235.1 268.2 183.0

7 Moisture % 5.4 13.2 7.2

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 41.0

B)Silt% 22.8

C)Clay% 36.2




Porosity % 42.8

7. Village Name : Gulwanchi


1 pH 8.0 8.2 8.1

2 ECµs/cm 0.36 0.56 0.46

3 Organic Carbon % 0.27 0.31 0.28



6 Available Potassium kg/ha 167 186.9 178.8

7 Moisture % 5.8 11.1 7.9




210

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 25.4

B)Silt% 21.2

C)Clay% 53.2




Porosity % 34.4

Village Name : Bhogaon


1 pH 7.8 8.0 7.9

2 EC µs/cm 0.35 0.54 0.41

3 Organic Carbon % 0.6 0.75 0.65



6 Available Potassium kg/ha 135 183.4 162.9

7 Moisture % 7.8 13.2 9.0

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 34.8

B)Silt% 20.4

C)Clay% 44.8

Water holding capacity% 32.9



Porosity % 47.9

9.0 Village Name :Banegaon


1 pH 7.2 7.6 7.4

2 EC Μs/cm 0.32 0.54 0.45

3 Organic Carbon % 0.67 0.85 0.51




7 Moisture % 7.2 21.3 7.3




211

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 47.2

B)Silt% 21.1

C)Clay% 31.7




Porosity % 41.8

Village Name : Karmba


1 pH 7.8 7.3 7.6

2 EC Μs/cm 0.51 0.74 0.61

3 Organic Carbon % 0.68 1.02 0.78




7 Moisture % 2.3 15.9 7.8

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 50

B)Silt% 29

C)Clay% 21




Porosity % 58.9

Akolekati


1 pH 7.1 7.5 7.2

2 EC Μs/cm 0.1 0.24 0.31


4 Available Nitrogen kg/ha 56.1 110 76



7 Moisture % 5.2 14.1 7.6




212

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 55

B)Silt% 12

C)Clay% 33




Porosity % 53.1

12 Mardi


1 pH 6.9 7.1 7.2

2 EC Μs/cm 0.1 0.5 0.3


4 Available Nitrogen kg/ha 43.2 132.1 110

5 Available Phosphorous kg/ha 21.4 90.5 75


7 Moisture % 4.6 13.4 10.9

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 46.3

B)Silt% 17.3

C)Clay% 36.4




Porosity % 59.2

13Mohitewadi


1 pH 7.8 8.0 7.9

2 EC Μs/cm 0.03 0.2 0.27





7 Moisture % 4.6 12.2 7.9

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 41.3

B)Silt% 24.2




213

C)Clay% 34.5




Porosity % 68.2

14Narotewadi


1 pH 7.2 7.8 7.7

2 EC Μs/cm 0.1 0.35 0.23

3 Organic Carbon % 0.23 0.85 0.64




7 Moisture % 3.5 8.8 5.7

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 31.3

B)Silt% 20.5

C)Clay% 48.2




Porosity % 61.6

15Nannaj


1 pH 6.9 7.8 7.2

2 EC Μs/cm 0.1 0.43 0.3



5 Available Phosphorous kg/ha 21.4 75 31.6


7 Moisture % 4.6 15.2 10.9

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 46.3

B)Silt% 17.3

C)Clay% 36.4




Porosity % 59.2




214

16Ranmasale


1 pH 7.3 6.92 6.7

2 EC Μs/cm 0.09 0.23 0.13

3 Organic Carbon % 0.42 0.82 0.56




7 Moisture % 5.9 15.4 11.3

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 43.6

B)Silt% 25.2

C)Clay% 31.2




Porosity % 48.2

17Wadala


1 pH 8.1 8.5 8.3

2 EC Μs/cm 0.1 0.34 0.20

3 Organic Carbon % 0.75 1.04 0.81




7 Moisture % 2.1 16.7 8.5

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 54

B)Silt% 13

C)Clay% 33




Porosity % 45




215

18Wangi


1 pH 6.85 7.3 7.1

2 EC Μs/cm 0.13 0.27 0.1

3 Organic Carbon % 0.17 0.76 0.33


5 Available Phosphorous kg/ha 238 77.8 36.7


7 Moisture % 2.6 14.1 5.5

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 46.3

B)Silt% 17.2

C)Clay% 36.5




Porosity % 43.9

19Inchgaon


1 pH 7.8 7.9 7.4

2 EC Μs/cm 0.12 0.26 0.15


4 Available Nitrogen kg/ha 32 68.4 41.2



7 Moisture % 2.5 12.2 8.8

Physical Properties

A) Sand % 43.2

B) Silt % 25.2

C) Clay % 31.6




Porosity % 57.2




216

20Padsali


1 pH 6.5 8.0 6.5

2 EC Μs/cm 0.1 0.28 0.15

3 Organic Carbon % 0.98 0.59 0.49




7 Moisture % 2.5 13.2 6.5

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 14.8

B)Silt% 42.2

C)Clay% 43.0




Porosity % 65.3

21Gawalwadi


1 pH 7.1 7.8 7.4

2 EC Μs/cm 0.21 0.35 0.31

3 Organic Carbon % 0.32 0.54 0.41




7 Moisture % 2.4 18.7 7.8

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 22.3

B)Silt% 35.1

C)Clay% 42.6




Porosity % 43.9




217

22Kemwadi


1 pH 6.7 7.2 6.9

2 EC Μs/cm 0.23 0.76 0.48

3 Organic Carbon % 0.42 0.87 0.51




7 Moisture % 5.4 20.2 6.8

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 21.0

B)Silt% 35.2

C)Clay% 43.8




Porosity % 66.5

23Darphal Gawadi


1 pH 7.1 7.3 7.15

2 EC Μs/cm 0.23 0.51 0.32





7 Moisture % 6.5 12.9 10.5

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 41.8

B)Silt% 23.9

C)Clay% 34.3




Porosity % 55.9




218

Kalman


1 pH 6.3 6.81 6.5

2 EC Μs/cm 0.14 0.23 018

3 Organic Carbon % 0.38 0.81 0.57




7 Moisture % 7.6 12.9 5.4

Physical Properties

A) Sand% 43.3

B)Silt% 24.0

C)Clay% 32.7




Porosity % 51.7




219

ANNEXUREH

SURFACE WATER SAMPLE OF SHIRAPUR LIFT IRRIGATION,

SOLAPUR

Sr. No Properties Sina river at

Shirapur

06/05/2014

Sina river at

Shirapur

2/09/2014

Sina river at

Shirapur

12/01/2015

1 pH 7.5 7.8 7.3

2 Conductivity µsimen 654 720 540

3 TDS Mg/lit 402 454 319

4 Salinity % 0.04 0.07 0.041

5 Alkalinity Mg/li 210 241 212

6 TotalHardness mg/lit 144.5 91.8 122.3

7 Ca ppm 45 31.3 39

8 Mg ppm 8.1 3.4 6.2

9 Dissolved Oxygen

mg/lit

5.2 6.7 5.7

10 BOD mg/lit 7.2 2.3 4.8

11 Total Coliform 12 02 08




220

ANNEXUREI

GROUND WATER ANALYSIS OF SHIRAPUR LIFT IRRIGATION

PROJECT, SOLAPUR

Ground water sampling in Winter Season Jan12, 2015

S. No pH EC

µS/cm

TDS

mg/l

T.Ha

rdne

ss

mg/l

Cl

mg/l

F

mg/l

NO3

mg/l

Fe

mg/l

Sali

nity

pptl

E.

coli

form

G1 8.1 1254 752 380 190.8 0.3 32.0 0.04 <1 AB

G2 7.1 1076 645 389 153.1 0.04 24.1 0.05 <1 AB

G3 8.2 782 468 322 45.8 0.06 18.9 0.04 <1 AB

G4 6.7 859 516 281 112 0.02 11.5 0.01 <1 AB

G5 7.8 1462 877 409 95.1 0.04 15.2 0.5 <1 AB

G6 7.6 1167 700 385 34.9 0.1 23.1 0.4 <1 AB

G7 7.2 1389 833 425 65.1 0.09 45.1 0.03 <1 AB

G8 7.6 1356 813 612 112 0.09 21.3 0.03 <1 AB

G9 7.3 886 534 557 223 0.04 11.8 0.01 <1 AB

G10 7.8 1101 668 741 218 0.09 2.5 0.01 <1 AB

G11 7.9 778 480 378 134 0.03 10.2 0.02 <1 AB

G12 8.1 576 354 328 386 0.03 6.7 0.01 <1 AB

G13 7.1 788 483 412 254 0.04 3.4 0.01 <1 AB

G14 7.7 586 365 339 239 0.04 3.9 0.01 <1 AB

G15 7.2 905 552 374 58.9 0.09 4.9 0.01 <1 AB

G16 7.9 1080 659 399 184 0.05 8.7 0.02 <1 AB

G17 7.8 887 543 385 76.3 0.06 23.5 0.02 <1 AB

G18 8.2 1321 794 629 83.4 0.06 12.0 0.02 <1 AB

G19 7.8 1124 696 912 152 0.06 35.7 0.02 <1 AB

G20 7.6 1413 861 981 76.5 0.05 40.2 0.02 <1 AB

G21 7.8 786 487 745 128 0.06 12.5 0.02 <1 AB

G22 7.3 698 425 665 227 0.04 21.0 0.02 <1 AB

G23 7.2 884 540 453 302 0.04 5.1 0.02 <1 AB

G24 7.5 754 452 391 130 0.04 4.0 0.02 <1 AB




221

Ground water sampling in Summer Season May 6, 2014

S. No pH EC

µS/cm

TDS

mg/l

T.Ha

rdne

ss

mg/l

Cl

mg/l

F

mg/l

NO3

mg/l

Fe

mg/l

Sali

nity

pptl

E.

coli

form

G1 8.0 1298 779 391 217 0.3 34.0 0.04 <1 AB

G2 7.1 1187 698 402 163.1 0.04 25.1 0.05 <1 AB

G3 8.1 798 486 341 47.8 0.06 19.9 0.04 <1 AB

G4 6.9 893 539 307 120 0.02 11.8 0.01 <1 AB

G5 7.9 1508 906 439 97.1 0.04 16.4 0.5 <1 AB

G6 7.65 1188 720 389 36.9 0.1 24.1 0.4 <1 AB

G7 7.2 1412 850 437 68.2 0.09 47.4 0.03 <1 AB

G8 7.6 1377 828 632 122 0.09 22.6 0.03 <1 AB

G9 7.2 896 541 578 254 0.04 12.8 0.01 <1 AB

G10 7.7 1121 675 749 232 0.09 2.7 0.01 <1 AB

G11 7.9 792 495 389 151 0.03 11.4 0.02 <1 AB

G12 8.0 596 371 343 403 0.03 69 0.01 <1 AB

G13 7.0 812 489 429 268 0.04 3.7 0.01 <1 AB

G14 7.5 597 362 341 243 0.04 4.0 0.01 <1 AB

G15 7.2 925 560 379 60.9 0.09 5.0 0.01 <1 AB

G16 7.9 1112 667 410 191 0.05 8.9 0.02 <1 AB

G17 7.9 895 547 393 77.6 0.06 24.1 0.02 <1 AB

G18 8.2 1345 820 645 86.4 0.06 13.0 0.02 <1 AB

G19 7.9 1188 712 921 163 0.06 36.7 0.02 <1 AB

G20 7.7 1476 900 990 78.5 0.05 43.2 0.02 <1 AB

G21 7.8 823 495 755 130 0.06 13.1 0.02 <1 AB

G22 7.4 743 460 682 233 0.04 22.1 0.02 <1 AB

G23 7.3 912 547 461 308 0.04 5.9 0.02 <1 AB

G24 7.6 798 479 397 135 0.04 4.6 0.02 <1 AB




222

Ground water sampling in Monsoon Season Sept.2, 2014

S. No

pH EC

µS/cm

TDS

mg/l

T.Ha

rdne

ss

mg/l

Cl

mg/l

F

mg/l

NO3

mg/l

Fe

mg/l

Sali

nity

pptl

E.

coli

form

G1 8.2 1245 760 340 198 0.3 30.0 0.04 <1 AB

G2 7.2 1165 699 347 143.6 0.04 20.1 0.05 <1 AB

G3 8.0 747 450 312 40.8 0.06 10.9 0.04 <1 AB

G4 7.0 863 507

292 110 0.02 10.8 0.01 <1 AB

G5 7.8 1488 901 428 91.1 0.04 10.4 0.5 <1 AB

G6 7.75 1145 687 354 30.4 0.1 22.3 0.4 <1 AB

G7 7.3 1388 830 417 60.2 0.09 44.4 0.03 <1 AB

G8 7.7 1342 805 602 112 0.09 15.6 0.03 <1 AB

G9 7.3 846 510 508 214 0.04 10.8 0.01 <1 AB

G10 7.4 1083 675 749 232 0.09 2.7 0.01 <1 AB

G11 7.9 752 451 342 132 0.03 10.4 0.02 <1 AB

G12 7.8 531 319 329 375 0.03 54 0.01 <1 AB

G13 7.1 783 471 401 239 0.04 3.1 0.01 <1 AB

G14 7.5 527 316 312 203 0.04 3.3 0.01 <1 AB

G15 7.1 905 538 349 45.3 0.09 4.4 0.01 <1 AB

G16 7.7 1078 651 384 167 0.05 7.4 0.02 <1 AB

G17 7.8 865 519 351 61.2 0.06 22.1 0.02 <1 AB

G18 8.1 1312 787 635 80.4 0.06 12.0 0.02 <1 AB

G19 7.8 1148 690 905 143 0.06 26.7 0.02 <1 AB

G20 7.6 1442 862 970 68.5 0.05 33.2 0.02 <1 AB

G21 7.7 785 474 701 110 0.06 11.1 0.02 <1 AB

G22 7.3 713 430 641 213 0.04 20.1 0.02 <1 AB

G23 7.4 884 510 449 288 0.04 4.1 0.02 <1 AB

G24 7.5 768 461 373 115 0.04 4.2 0.02 <1 AB




223

G1 Shriapur G13 Mohitewadi

G2 Lamboti G14 Narotewadi

G3 Wadval G15 Nannj

G4 Morvanchi G16 Ranmasale

G5 Arjunsond G17 Wadala

G6 Darphal Bibi G18 Wangi

G7 Gulwanchi G19 Inchagaon

G8 Bhogaon G20 Padsali

G9 Banegaon G21 Gawalwadi

G10 Karmba G22 Kemwadi

G11 Akolekati G23 Darphal

gawdi

G12 Mardi G24 Kalman




224

ANNEXUREJ

NOISE LEVEL OF SHIRAPUR LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT, SOLAPUR

Noise Sampling: Day Time (in dBA)

Sr.

No.

Name of village Lat Long Noise

(Leq)

Winter er

Noise(Leq

)

Summer

Noise(L

eq)

Monsoo

n

1 Shirapur 17o48’ 35.7” 75 o43’ 30” 51.3 42.5 50.1

2 Lamboti NH 09 17 o 46’ 54.1

”

75 o43’ 21.7” 65.2 61.2 62.3

3 Wadval 17 o47 ’ 3.2 ” 75 o 40 ’ 46.2” 55 53 51

4 Morvanchi 17 o 49’ 31” 75 o45 ’ 11” 49 45 42

5 Arjunsond 17 o 45’ 22.3” 75 o43’ 47.7” 47 43 44

Noise Sampling: Night Time (in dBA)

Sr.

No.

Name of village Lat Long Noise(Leq)

Winter

Noise(Leq)

Summer

Noise

(Leq)

Post

Monsoon

1 Shirapur 17o48’

35.7”

75 o 43’ 30” 33 32 32

2 Lamboti NH 09 17 o 46’

54.1 ”

75 o 43’

21.7”

45.2 41.2 40

3 Wadval 17 o 47 ’ 3.2

”

75 o 40 ’

46.2”

32 31 31

4 Morvanchi 17 o 49’ 31” 75 o 45 ’

11”

35 33 31

5 Arjunsond 17 o 45’

22.3”

75 o 43’

47.7”

35 34 32




225

ANNEXURE K

LAND – USE PATTERN WITHIN BUFFER ZONE

Villagewise Land use Pattern

Sr.No Type of Land Use Land in Hectares

North Solpaur % Mohol %

1 Forest 2133 1.55 2074.07 1.56

2 Irrigated 56218 41.0 14642 11.05

3 Unirrigated 67344 49.2 90727.51 68.52

4 Culturable Waste 9997 7.3 13376.65 10.10

5 Area not available for

cultivation

1129 0.81 11582.69 8.74

6 Total of 1 to 5 136821 99.8 132402.92 99.97

Sr.

No.

Village Name Total Area

In

Hectares

Area Under Different Type of Land Use in Hectares

Forest Irrigate

d

Unirrigate

d

Culturable

Waste

(Including

Gouchar

and Groves)

Area not

Available

for

Cultivatio

n

1 Kalman 2591 - 16 580 - 142

2 Darphal Gawdi 1254 - 80 2140 - 371

3 Wangi 334 - 18 258 - 57

4 Padsali 1379 - 32 1122 - 224

5 Inchagaon 281 - - - - -

6 Wadala 1653 - 139 1206 48 -

7 Ranmasale 3055 - 8 2698 33 315

8 Mohitewadi 283 - - - - -

9 Nannaj 3240 - 160 2804 42 234

10 Narotewadi 231 - 205 - - 26

11 Mardi 2565 315 139 - 2588 315

12 Karambha 1433 - 104 1263 66 -

13 Gulwanchi 686 - 35 575 64 -

14 Bhogaon 669 - 279 390 - -

15 Banegaon 1741 - 127 764 830 18

16 Darphal BB 3439 - 169 1616 800 853

17 Akolekati 1871 - 118 1581 27 144

18 Kondi 1955 - 145 387 14 1408




226

ANNEXURE L

CROPPING PATTERN Mohol AND NORTH SOLAPUR TALUKA

Sr.

No.

Name of the Crop Mohol ha North

Solapur ha

Total ha %

A Cereals

Wheat 5056 696 5752

Jawar 66144 28240 94384

Bajri 734 14 748

Maize 2745 280 3025

Subtotal A 74679 30230 104909 81.2

B Oil Seeds

Groundnut 422 48 470

Cotton 194 0 194

Kardai 1357 41 1398

Sunflower 2043 84 2127

Subtotal B 4016 173 4189 3.2

C Pulses

Gram 2725 599 3324

Tur 1209 509 1718

Mug 00 35 35

Udid 226 46 272

Kulith 748 - 748

Math 224 - 224

SUBTOTAL C 5132 1189 6321 4.8

D Sugarcane 4871 1607 6478 5.0

E Other crops

Spices 314 125 439

Fruit and

vegetables

3019 1208 4227

Fodder 1731 791 2522

Subtotal 5064 2124 7188 5.5

Grand total 93792 35323 129085 99.7




227

ANNEXURE M

DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN




228

ANNEXURE N

OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE




229

ANNEXUREO

AMENITIESIN STUDY AREA OF MOHOL AND NORTH SOLAPUR

Taluka Educational Medical Drinking water Post and

Telegraph

P M H H,MCW,MH,

CWC,HC,PHC,

PHS,D,FPC,CHW

RP

SMP

W HP TK R

Mohol 150 79 22 179 35 78 65 - 11 34

North

Solapur

249 - 37 31 12 411 59 - - 52

Legend

H Hospital

MCW Maternity and Child Welfare

MH Maternity Home

CHW Community Health Worker

HC Health Care

PHC Public Health Care

SMP Subsidised Medical Practitioner

D Dispensary

FPC Family Planning Center

TB TB Clinic

NH Nursing Home

RP Registered Private Practioner

P Primary School

M Middle School

H Higher School

W Well

Tk Weir

HP Hand pump

R River




230

ANNEXUREP

SITE PHOTOGRAPH

Figure 1Shirapur KT weir




231

ANNEXURE Q

LIST OF FARMERS




232

ANNEXURE R

REPORT ON GREAT INDIAN WILD LIFE SANCHURY




233

ANNEXURE S

GIB MAP ALONGWITH COMMAND AREA




234

Annexure T

Windrose Diagram

Windrose diagram during Post-monsoon Season

Windrose diagram during Summer Season




235

Windrose diagram during Winter Season




236

ANNEXURE U

SEISMIC ZONE MAP OF INDIA




237

ANNEXURE V

NBWL PERMISSION LETTER

EIA Report of Ashti Lift Irrigation Project -...

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