#EH2012: “Øresund: A City-Region between Denmark and Sweden". Fredrik Bjork & Ulf Kyrling
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Transcript of #EH2012: “Øresund: A City-Region between Denmark and Sweden". Fredrik Bjork & Ulf Kyrling
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ØRESUND:A CITY-REGION BETWEEN DENMARK AND SWEDEN
Fredrik Björk, Malmö University & Ulf Kyrling, Region Skåne
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Teacher in Environmental Science, Social entrepreneurship & innovation, urban development
Academic background: History Research coordinator @ Forum for
Social Innovation (Sweden) Research & Communication @
Institute for Urban History
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Malmö university
Soon 15 years old c. 25 000 students Important focus areas: Health and
society (public health), Learning and society (teacher education), Culture and society (urban development & social innovation)
Host Forum for Social Innovation (Financed by Ministry for Industry, Region Skåne and Malmö University)
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the Öresund region• Cross-border region including the Capital region
of Denmark (Copenhagen)• 3.5 million inhabitants
Öresund Bridge, photo: xx
Sealand
Denmark
Skåne
Sweden
Euskal Hiria Bilbao 2012-11-26
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Facts 3,7 million people 20 000 people commute every day
across the national border A bridge between Malmö and
Copenhagen (since 2000) with regular train service every 20 minutes (c. 20 000 vehicles and 30 000 train passengers every day)
Ferry between Helsingborg and Helsingør
Airports: Kastrup (Copenhagen); Sturup (outside Malmö). From Malmö City to Kastrup Airport – 20 minutes by train.
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The Øresund Region Political History: Denmark until 1653;
then Sweden claimed the eastern part (Skåne)
War and hostilities until 1815 Culture & economy: trade and other
socio-cultural connections continued all the time (even when at war!)
Late 1800s and 1900s: Nation building in both Denmark and Sweden shifted focus from region to nation
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The new regionalism A new beginning - mid 60s Border trade – ferries across Øresund
became cheaper and quicker (25 minutes across Helsinborg-Helsingør)
Television – Danish TV could be seen in Skåne and Swedish Television in Eastern Denmark
Political vision: about ”Ørestad”, a transnational city-region, and about a bridge!
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Øresund as city-region
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Collaborative organizations
The Øresund Committee - the official platform for regional political cooperation between Skåne (Sweden) and Zealand (Denmark) since 1993.
The Öresund University – (1997-2012) – a collaboration between nine Universities in the region: all together 165 000 students (incl. Malmö, Lund, Copenhagen and Roskilde Universities)
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Lessons of Øresund integration– of success and failiure
Infrastructure coordination/collaboration:Railways, ports, airports etc.
Common visions:”What can we gain from…”?
Collaboration on several levels:It’s not enough to have meetings between high-ranking politicians,( but it is necessary). Collaboration needs to take place on ”street-level”.
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More Lessons… You can’t ”program” a sense of
community The power of the citizen – cross-
border everyday activities (news reporting, shopping, commuting)
Don’t underestimate assymetric power relationsMalmö more interested than Copenhagen, Nation states not interested….
Patience….there must be a kind of ’sync’ between citizen and high politics
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Challenges and oppurtunities for cross-border integration
Many legal difficulties still in place Global economic crisis Skåne: Low income, low level of
education etc. Political populism (Danish People’s
Party) No way back (the bridge cannot be
’unbuilt’) Main industries and economic sectors
in Øresund region are strong/growing (Biotech/ICT/Tourism/Food etc.
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EUSKAL HIRIA BILBAO 2012-11-26
Supporting Social Innovation in Skåne &
the Öresund Region from a regional point of view
Ulf KyrlingRegion Skåne
Dep. of Economic Development&InnovationSocial Innovation
Rural Development
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Regional development• Decides on strategy for regional
development• Coordinates its implementation• Allocates national and EU funds
View over southern Malmö and the Öresund bridge, photo: Perry Nordeng
Region SkåneRegional council of Skåne• Self-governing body of Skåne• 149 elected members• Annual budget: 4 billion euro
Region Skåne responsible for• Public health care (90 %)• Public transport (5 %)• Regional development (4 %)• Culture (1 %) • 32 000 employees, mostly in
health care sector
Euskal Hiria Bilbao 2012-11-26
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Turning Torso and plaza in Malmö. photo: Kullez (CC BY 2.0)
Euskal Hiria Bilbao 2012-11-26
Renewable Energy
Clean Water
Poverty
Climate Change
Declining Public Resources
Ageing Population
Optional Actors
Youth Unemployment
Challenges to face
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Boarding a regional train in the city of Lund, photo: Ola Lindberg
Private
Civil sectorThe individual/
social entrepreneur
Academy
New challenges
demand new
solutions
Penta Helix
Bilbao nov 26
Publicsector
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Stockholm, photo: Ola Ericson, imagebank.sweden.se
InterfacesSocial innovation grows at the interfaces!
between different areas of knowledge between different sectors in society between private & public between research & development
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Turning Torso and plaza in Malmö. photo: Kullez (CC BY 2.0)
Euskal Hiria Bilbao 2012-11-26
Important steps taken
National Forum for Social Innovation Centre for Public Entrepreneurship Agreement on Cooperation between Region Skåne
and the Third Sector in Skåne National Innovation Strategy
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Turning Torso and plaza in Malmö. photo: Kullez (CC BY 2.0)
Euskal Hiria Bilbao 2012-11-26
Important actors
National Forum for Social Innovation Malmö University (12 universities, 140 000 students)
The City of Malmö Region Skåne Centre of Public Entrepreneurship Network for Social Economy Skåne (umbrella org.)
The Capital Region of Copenhagen Sealand
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Turning Torso and plaza in Malmö. photo: Kullez (CC BY 2.0)
Euskal Hiria Bilbao 2012-11-26
The Role of Region Skåne and Goals for the Future
Leadership Facilitator Coordinator
National & regional level – ok!EU-level – on the go!Local level – still a lot to do!
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Øresund – social innovation region?
Abundance of bottom-up/civil society initiatives
Often built on cross-sector collaboration Academia/Government/civil society-social
entrepreneurs (and a little business…) Cross-border collaboration increasing Strong support from governement etc. for SI Øresund – leader in SI in the Nordic countries
(CSE@RUC, FSI@MAH, SERNOC, SOCAP2012…)
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Urbs: Urban system/Sustainability Demography: Relatively young population Some polycentricity – Malmö/Copenhagen
tend to dominate Strong urbanist trend (Mayor of Malmö is an
architect!) Large investments in infrastructure Emphasis on green-tech and sustainability
(Augustenborg EcoCity, Western Harbour) Urban regeneration initiatives in Malmö and
Copenhagen
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Cyber: Connectivity
Extensive public transport (trains, metro, buses) – In Skåne, 100% increase in ten years
World-leading bicycle culture (urban/rural)
Extensive digital connectivity Social capital, local communities: In
general uncertain, but interesting examples (Christiania, Röstånga etc.) Across the sound – some distrust
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Civitas: socio-cultural/creative
Community development/cross-sector initiatives - Yalla Trappan, Social Ventures 2200 etc.
Multiculturalism/Immigration: Extensive!
Strong creative/cultural movement Collaborative initiatives/innovation
communities
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Polis: Citizen Participation and Network Governance
Regional identity vs national identity?
Decreasing understanding of each others language
No cross-national governance structure
E-governance not developed Community participation/influence -
increasing
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Turning Torso and plaza in Malmö. photo: Kullez (CC BY 2.0)
Euskal Hiria Bilbao 2012-11-26
What we still need to develop!
Longterm Strategies Good Exemples Increased Competence & Education Investment Capital Networking Activities Incubation Environments Research (10 000 researchers) Cooperation across ”Borders” Bold Politicians–dedicated civil servants-local leaders
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What can Øresund learn from the Basque country?
Urbs – system/sustainability Cyber – connectivity Civita – socio-cultural/creative Polis - Participation & network
governance