Egypt’s Powerful Kings and Queens
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Transcript of Egypt’s Powerful Kings and Queens
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Egypt’s Powerful Kings and Queens
Sec. #2
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Hatshepsut• Hatshepsut ruled
Egypt during the New Kingdom
• She was a female pharaoh most known for creating a time of peace and wealth
• She is shown in statues with a beard to look like a man
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From Dynasty to Dynasty• Egypt had 31
dynasties• Dynasties were
grouped into 3 main periods, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom
• Gaps between the periods were times of trouble and wars
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King Menes• King Menes united
Upper and Lower Egypt
• He built a city named Memphis
• The Egyptian Empire existed for 2,500 years until it was conquered by Alexander the Great of Greece
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All-Powerful Pharaohs
• Pharaohs had absolute power• They decided the laws, when the fields would be
planted, and how to pray to the gods• No one disobeyed the pharaoh
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Two Thousand Years of Power• Egypt grew wealthy
during the first 6 dynasties in the old Kingdom
• Pharaohs kept peace with Nubia, and merchants traded for timber to build houses, boats and furniture across the Mediterranean
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The Middle Kingdom
• About 2250 B.C. the governors in the provinces began to challenge the power of the pharaoh’s government
• Egypt’s unity started to break down and the dynasties grew weak
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Dynasties of the Middle Kingdom
• The early dynasties of the Middle Kingdom restored order
• Irrigation projects were built instead of fighting wars
• A canal was built between the Nile and the Red Sea
• In time the pharaohs lost control of the country to foreign invaders
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The New Kingdom
• By 1500 B.C. the New Kingdom began
• Pharaohs created huge armies using bronze swords and body armor
• Egyptians were able to keep invaders out
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Thutmose III• Thutmose III became
pharaoh as a child• Because of his young
age, a regent was appointed to watch over him until he is old enough to rule by himself
• Hatshepsut was his stepmother and she ruled for 22 years
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Hunt for Power
• Hatshepsut refused to give up her power• Thutmose III took over when she died and had
her statues destroyed• Some historians believe that Thutmose III might
have had her killed
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The End of Egyptian Civilization
• The New Kingdom began to decline around 1075 B.C.
• War within its civilization left Egypt weak• Alexander the Great conquered it in 332
B.C.• 300 years later, Egypt was conquered
again by the Romans