A STUDY OF EGO DEFENSE MECHANISM FOUND IN THE KITE RUNNER BY KHALLED HOSSEINI

1.1 Background

2.2 Research Question 2.1.1 What kind of ego defense mechanism is

used by the characters of The Kite Runner? 2.1.2 How do the characters of The Kite Runner apply the ego defense mechanism? 2.1.3 Why do the characters of The Kite Runner apply the ego defense mechanism?

2.3 Objective of the Study 2.4 Significant of the Study 2.5 Scope and Limitation 2.6 Definition of Key Term - Id

- Ego - Superego

CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF THE RELATRED LITERATURE

2.1Review of the Related

Theories

2.1.2 Psychology Literature• “Psychology literature is psychology study of the writer, as type

as and an individual, or the study of the creative process, or the study of the psychological type and laws present within works of literature upon its readers (audience psychology).”

2.1.2 Theory of Psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud• Id is the original system of personality that most basic system in which there is

innate instincts (Sigmund Freud, 1991 32)

• Ego is a personal system that acts as a referral of individuals to objects of reality, and perform its function on the principle of reality (Sigmund Freud, 1991 :33-34)

• Superego is a personality system that contains the value and rules that are evaluative (Sigmund Freud, 1991:34-35)

Id

Ego

Superego

2.1.3 Ego Defense Mechanisms is as a strategy used by individuals to prevent the emergence of the open of id impulses and to face the pressure of the superego over the ego, with the aim that anxiety can be reduced or mitigated.

Anxiety is “Feeling of being threatened, in the event of conflict that

controls the ego.” (Boeree, 2005:42)

• Realistic Anxiety

• Moral Anxiety

• Neurotic Anxiety

Kinds of Ego Defense Mechanism

1.Repression - buried the thoughts

or desires that cannot be accept

2. SublimationSublimation is an ego defense mechanism that uses a

higher way out that socially more acceptable.”

3. ProjectionThe projection is an

ego defense mechanism that

transfers the drive, attitude, or behavior that cause an anxiety

to others

4. DisplacementDisplacement is an ego defense mechanism that takes its

energy to the object or another person if original object could not be reached

5. Rationalization

Rationalization is to find a justification or excuse for his attitude, so even

become more acceptable to the ego than the actual reason

6. Formation Reaction

Reaction is the formation of ego defense mechanisms that act contrary to the unconscious desires

7. Regression

Regression is a setback due to stress on behavior and the typical of an early developmental stage

Review of Previews Study

Agus Santoso, the student of Petra Christian University, 2006. A Study of Heathcliff’s anxiety as Seen in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Height. He formulates some problems, they are: (1) How does the

anxiety reflected in Heatchilif’s life? (2) What are the effects of Heathchilif’s anxiety as seen in this novel?

CHAPTER IIIMETHOD AND PROCEDURES OF RESEARCH

3.1 Approach

3.2 Method

3.3 Source of Data

3.4 Procedures of data Collection

3.5 Procedures of data Analysis

CHAPTER IVDATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS

1.1 Data analysis

“When it became abundantly clear that I hadn’t inherited a shred of his athletic talents, he settled for trying to turn me into a passionate spectator. Certainly I could manage that, couldn’t I? I faked interest for as long as possible. I cheered with him when Kabul’s team scored against Kandahar and

yelped insults at the referee when he called a penalty against our team. But Baba sensed my lack of genuine interest and

resigned himself to the bleak fact that his son was never going to either play or watch soccer. “

A moral anxiety happens when someone faces an emotional conflict. To reduce the anxiety, Amir did a formation reaction by doing the opposite of true desire. Reaction formation involves adopting opposite feelings, impulses or behavior. Someone adopting a reaction formation defense strategy would treat a spouse or loved one in the same manner in which they’d treat a hated enemy.

Research findingsEgo Defense Mechanism

Formation Reaction : 5timesrepression : 4 timesRationalization : 3timesDisplacement : 2 timesSublimation : 1 timeCharacteersAmir : 9 timesBaba : 2 timesassef : 2 timesSohrab : 1 timeSoraya : 1 timeCausesMoral Anxiety : 14 timesRealistic Anxiety : 2 times

Chapter VConclusion

Formation reaction is mostly used by the characters

Amir is the most Characters use the defense mechanism