EGK 2011: Construction 06 ZIEGERT-ROSWAG-SEILER

Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de

Sustainable construction

Sylvain Rocher, architectZiegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure

Ethio-German KonnectAddis Ababa, 10.11.2011


TRADITIONAL BUILDING METHODS WITH EARTH AND BAMBOO

Bamboo

Earth


BAMBOO

Advantages of bamboo compared to wood


EXAMPLES OF TRADITIONAL EARTHEN BUILDINGS

„PUEBLO DE TAOS“ USA, 11th – 15th cent.„MANHATTAN OF THE DESERT“ Shibam, Jemen, 3th cent.„ALTER BAU“ Germany, 1445 „TULOU“ Fujian, China, since 15th cent.„LAND OF THE BATAMMARIBA “ Koutammakou, Togo


ADVANTAGES OF EARTHEN BUILDINGS – LIFECYCLE OF A BUILDING

Earthen building vs. concrete building


Graphic of humidity regulation capability of earth plaster (top) and non–earth plaster (bottom)

HUMIDITY ACTIVITY OF EARTHEN BUILDING MATERIALS

High absorption / Storing of humidity in earth


Centre of Earthen Building CEBBrainstorming Berlin 15th December 2009

Grafi sche Darstellung der Luftfeuchtesorption

bei Lehmputzen (oben) und Nicht-Lehmputzen (unten)

Wasserdampfmoleküle in der Raumluft

Anstrich auf Lehmputz

Anstrich auf Nicht-Lehmputz

Poren, Porenkanal und Feststoff Lehmputz

Poren, Porenkanal und Feststoff Nicht-Lehmputz


Centre of Earthen Building CEBBrainstorming Berlin 15th December 2009

Grafi sche Darstellung der Luftfeuchtesorption

bei Lehmputzen (oben) und Nicht-Lehmputzen (unten)

Wasserdampfmoleküle in der Raumluft

Anstrich auf Lehmputz

Anstrich auf Nicht-Lehmputz

Poren, Porenkanal und Feststoff Lehmputz

Poren, Porenkanal und Feststoff Nicht-Lehmputz

Comparison of absorption in 24 h

Cement plaster

Pores in cement plaster

g /m2

g /m2

Hours

10

10

2

2

6

6

10

10 14

18

18

22

30

30

50

50

14

22

Humidity in the air

Earth plaster

Pores in earth

Hours


At high temperatures the mud walls give humidity off. This causes cooling.

The concrete walls are heating up quickly. Heat is passing through. The concrete walls, beeing heaten up during daytime, release heat over night.

The mud walls absorb the humidity and cool down over night. At high temperatures the mud walls give humidity off. This causes cooling.


The mud walls absorb the humidity and cool down over night.

At high temperatures the mud walls give humidity off. This causes cooling.


The mud walls absorb the humidity and cool down over night. At high temperatures the mud walls give humidity off. This causes cooling.


The mud walls absorb the humidity and cool down over night.

REGULATION OF INDOOR TEMPERATURE – HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE

Comparison of earthen buildings vs. concrete buildings

Measurements by Hassan Fathy as well as Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure

Tem

pera

ture

C°

Indoor temperature earthen building

Time of day

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

64 48 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2

Indoor temperature concrete building

Time of day

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

64 48 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2

Tem

pera

ture

C°


N

Jahili Fort Al Ain Groundplan before restoration 1:500 R o s w a g & J a n k o w s k i A r c h i t e k t e n

5,0 m

JAHILI FORT, AL AIN, ABU DHABI

Conversion of a historic earthen fort



Rebuilding of the rough work, completely made of historic building materials Mortar and plaster were soaked, earth blocks were stored and reused



The historic floor plan was reconstructed, exhibition is structured by lighting elements Historic, high-class, refined surface materials characterise aesthetics


01 Building ground02 Floor slab, cellular glas insulation, reinforced concrete03 Walls wooden building, cellulose04 Roof wooden building, cellulose05 Floor construction ground floor, floor heating06 Interior wall wooden building, earth07 Solid wooden board ceiling08 Earthen facing, controlling indoor temperature09 Passive solar energy use via windows10 Wärmeversorgung über Fussbodenheizung11 Solar energy use Solar collector12 Solar storage, integrated gas burner13 Additional heating, passive house fireplace

HAUS MÜLLER UND RUTSCHKE, REICHENOW

Low-energy house without ventilation system

01

02

03

04

07

08

10

11

20°

40°

60°

1213

09

05

06

01 Baugrund

02 Bodenplatte, Schaumglasdämmung, Stahlbeton

03 Wände Holzbau, Zellulose

04 Dach Holzbau, Zellulose

05 Bodenaufbau EG, Fussbodenheizung,

06 Innenwand Holzbau, Lehm

07 Decke Brettstapel

08 Lehmbekleidung, Steuerung Raumklima

09 Passive Solarenergienutzung über Fenster

10 Wärmeversorgung über Fussbodenheizung

11 Solarenergienutzung Solarkollektor

12 Schichtenspeicher, integrierter Gasbrenner

13 Zusatzheizung, Passivhauskamin



Wooden building / Infill with earth blocks



Floor- and wall heating / earth plaster


SCHOOL HANDMADE IN BANGLADESH



Design of the school according to the principle „dry feet and big hat“

floorplan

1st floor

groundfloor1,0 m

1,0 m

section

1,0 m



Ground floor walls made of 4 layers of cob, connection to the bamboo ceiling through stakes in cob



Bamboo rafter



Prefabricated bamboo frames out of 3-layered roof rafter, earth filling



„Protected“ earthen class rooms on the ground floor, caves on the ground floor, bamboo class on the first floor


TIPU SULTAN MERKEZ EARTH SCHOOL IN PAKISTAN

Draft


TIPU SULTAN MERKEZ EARTH SCHOOL IN PAKISTAN

State of construction July 2011


HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE

A School project for the Aga Khan Foundation in Mozambique



Rural life in the village



Study of local building methods / Wattle and Daub



Study of local building methods / Earth blocks without damp-proof course



Study of local building methods / Problems

- rising damp

- termites

- inadequate roof construction



Life cycle of a Building / Future of Housing


Habitat Initiative Cabo Delgado, Mozambique Aga Khan Foundation (Mozambique)

Bauzyklus

- die mittlere Lebenserwartung der Einwohner liegt bei 43 Jahren- etwa alle acht Jahre müssen sie ein neues Haus bauen - bis zu fünf in ihrem Leben

0 8 16 24 32 40

- average life of a person in Mozambique: 43 years

- average lifespan of a building: 8 years

- that can mean 5 houses per a lifetime

- 30% of their lifetime houses are in bad conditions

Life expectancy of the inhabitants

0Gebäudezyklus

durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung eines Menschen

3224168 40 years



Transformations

bamboo dowelcut

ca 30

division impossible

55ca 25

post

A B C

1 + 1 = 2:O

)

6 m

Transformed Details



Transformation / Foundation

division impossible

1 Wooden post, carbonised2 Natural stones3 Mortar, stabilised4 Rammed earth

The carbonised lower part of the post and the foundation with natural stones benefits the resist-ance against humidity and insects

1 Sundried earth blocks2 Moisture barrier, plastic foil3 Earth blocks, stabilised4 Rammed earth, stabilised

Cement stablised foundation supports steadiness and in combination with the moisture barrier it prevents dam-ages caused by upraising humidity

1

2

3

4

8

9

12

3

4

division impossible

1 Wooden post, carbonised2 Natural stones3 Mortar, stabilised4 Rammed earth

The carbonised lower part of the post and the foundation with natural stones benefits the resist-ance against humidity and insects

1 Sundried earth blocks2 Moisture barrier, plastic foil3 Earth blocks, stabilised4 Rammed earth, stabilised

Cement stablised foundation supports steadiness and in combination with the moisture barrier it prevents dam-ages caused by upraising humidity

1

2

3

4

8

9

12

3

4



Transformation / Roof construction

1 3-layer bamboo rafter2 Fixed bamboo poles 3 Dowel, connecting rafter with purlin4 Dowels, fixing purlin to the poles

Borax treated bamboo beams are the basis to all parts of the roof construction such as ring beams and purlins, as well as rafters and tie beams of the prefabricated trusses

1 3-layer bamboo rafter2 Half bamboo batten3 Prefabricated palm leave shingles

Compact roofing with palm leavesprotects against rain and overheating

1

3

212

34

1 3-layer bamboo rafter2 Fixed bamboo poles 3 Dowel, connecting rafter with purlin4 Dowels, fixing purlin to the poles

Borax treated bamboo beams are the basis to all parts of the roof construction such as ring beams and purlins, as well as rafters and tie beams of the prefabricated trusses

1 3-layer bamboo rafter2 Half bamboo batten3 Prefabricated palm leave shingles

Compact roofing with palm leavesprotects against rain and overheating

1

3

212

34



Development of rafter (3-Layers)



Improvement bamboo treatment



Roof Construction made of bamboo trusses

Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure

Offener Lüftungsgiebel / Dachtragwerk, Pfetten und Dachbindern aus Bambus / Innenraum, gekalkte Lehmwänden und Bambusdach

Begutachtung der Verbindung von Dachbinder und Pfette / Montage von Dachlatten / Montage von Dachbindern in der Werkstatt

Habitat Initiative Cabo Delgado, Mosambik

Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure

Offener Lüftungsgiebel / Dachtragwerk, Pfetten und Dachbindern aus Bambus / Innenraum, gekalkte Lehmwänden und Bambusdach

Begutachtung der Verbindung von Dachbinder und Pfette / Montage von Dachlatten / Montage von Dachbindern in der Werkstatt

Habitat Initiative Cabo Delgado, Mosambik



Training of local people



Manual



Prototype in 25 de Junho

56 Projekte: Neubau

Außenansicht des Prototypen in 25 de JunhoBank- und FensterdetailsKlassenraum in 25 de Junho

Schulkinder mit Sitz- und Schreibmöbel

56 Projekte: Neubau



56 Projekte: Neubau





Further development to basic school type



Simple school type



„Scaleability“

EGK 2011: Construction 06 ZIEGERT-ROSWAG-SEILER

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