Introduction to Soil and Water Conservation Practices Dryland Farming 1999
Efficient use of water in dryland agriculture (…in the ...Water use efficiency and uptake patterns...
Transcript of Efficient use of water in dryland agriculture (…in the ...Water use efficiency and uptake patterns...
The future of water for irrigation in California and Israel16-18 July, 2018
Efficient use of water in dryland agriculture(…in the world)
P. Berliner
Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
BIDR
EVENARI FARM AT AVDAT- ISRAEL
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The Nabataean City - Avdat
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Time (Date+hour)
Rai
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Run
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nten
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NT_A NT_NA Rain
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Internal boundary layer
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GOAL: DECREASE EVAPORATION IN ORDER TO INCREASE W.U.E.(WITH AN EMPHASIS ON SIMPLE APPROACHES).
a. Intercropping (Runoff Agroforestry)b. Changing geometry for flooding systems c. Polyethylene mulching
P:precipitationR: runoffE: evaporationT: transpirationW: retaining wallS: spillwayD: drainageB: basin
RUNOFF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM
WETTED AREA[ROOT ZONE]
T
E
Pit Depth
PRECIPITATION
DX
Hypothesis: The rate of evaporative losses will be reduced if the runoff water is stored in narrow trenches.
Ra Ra
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1 m.
2.7 m.
0.15 m.
1.5 m.
0.4 m. 0.4 m.0.3 m.0.5 m.
Access tubes for moisture measurement
Ground surface area tree-1= 4 m2 Ground surface area tree-1= 9 m2
Schematic plot outlay. Microcatchment and Trench runoff collection systems
Granier Sap flux sensor
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OSS
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TRANSPIRATION NORMALIZED BY CANOPY CROSS-SECTION
Blackpolyethylenemulch
Dripline Furrow
Neutron probe
Blackpolyethylenemulch
Dripline Furrow
Blackpolyethylenemulch
Dripline Furrow
Neutron probe
MAIZE FIELD TRIAL
0.82 m
Distance between plants in the row:0.14 m
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DAS
GW
UE
c (g
DM
Kg
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Rat
io m
ulch
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ulch
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ns ns †
01020304050
Furrow Drip
Eva
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SUMMARY
• The water losses due to direct evaporation from the soil to the atmosphere were significant in the three agrosystems tested.
• The reduction in evaporation increased the water available to crops and hence the total biomass yields per unit planted area.
• The implementation of the techniques that lead to a reduction of the aforementioned losses require different types and levels of investments and may be adapted to the possibilities of various population groups.
• The reduction in evaporative losses may compensate the expected reduction in precipitation due to climate changes in the Eastern Mediterranean.
THE END
RELEVANT LITERATURE AND CO-AUTHORS
1. LOVENSTEIN, H., P. R. BERLINER and H. van KEULEN (1991). Runoff Agroforestry in arid lands. Forest Ecology and Management 45:59-70.2. LOVENSTEIN, H and P. R. BERLINER (1993). Biometric relations for non destructive above ground biomass estimations in young Acacia Salicina and
Eucalyptus occidentalis plantations. New Forests 7:255-273.3. NATIV, R., J. E. EPHRATH, P. R. BERLINER and Y. SARANGA (1998). Drought resistance and water use efficiency in Acacia saligna. Australian J. of
Botany. 47:577-586.4. EPHRATH, J., M. SILBERBUSH and P. R. BERLINER (1999). Calibration of minirhizotron readings against root length density data obtained from soil
cores. Plant and Soil. 209:201-208.5. DROPPELMANN, K. J. and P.R. BERLINER (2000). Biometric relationships and growth of pruned and non-pruned Acacia saligna under runoff irrigation
in Northern Kenya. Forest Ecology and Management. 126:349-359.6. DROPPELMANN, K. J., J. E. EPHRATH and P. R. BERLINER (2000). Tree crop complementarity in a Runoff Agroforestry System. Agroforestry Systems.
50:1-16.7. DROPPELMANN, K. J., J. LEHMANN, J. E. EPHRATH and P. R. BERLINER (2000). Water use efficiency and uptake patterns in a Runoff Agroforestry
system in an arid environment. Agroforestry Systems. 49:223-243.8. DROPPELMANN, K. and BERLINER, P.R. 2003. Runoff agroforestry - a technique to secure the livelihood of pastoralists in the Middle East. Journal of
Arid Environments. 54: 571-5779. BERLINER, P. R. and K. DROPPELMANN.(2003) Validation in an arid area of an algorithm for the estimation of daily solar radiation. Journal of
Hydrometeorology 297-30310. WENGWANG, ZHAO, RUSSELL J. QUALLS and PEDRO. R. BERLINER (2003) Modeling of the short wave radiation distribution in an agroforestry
system . Agricultural and Forestry Meteorology118:185-206.11. ZEGADA, W., Y. EPHRATH and P. BERLINER (2007) "Above and below ground development of Acacia saligna shrubs grown under different irrigation
frequencies in an arid environment. Pland and Soil. 297:157-16912. G. CARMI and P. BERLINER (2008) . “The effect of soil crusting on the runoff generation of small plots in an arid environment”. CATENA 74:37-4213. ZEGADA LIZARRAZOU, W and P.R. BERLINER (2011). "The effects of the degree of soil cover with an impervious sheet on the establishment of tree
seedlings in an arid environment" .New Forests. 42:1-1714. ZEGADA LIZARRAZOU, W and P.R. BERLINER (2011)." Inter-row mulch increases the water use efficiency of ffurrow-irrigated maize in an arid
environment". J. of Agronomy and Crop Science. 197:237-24815. S. ZHANG, G. CARMI AND P. BERLINER (2013)" The effect of the geometry of runoff collecting areas on the overall efficiency of microcatchments"
Journal of Arid Environments, 95 (2013), 22-29.\16. DAVID PEARLMUTTER AND PEDRO BERLINER. EXPERIMENTS WITH a ‘psychrometric’ roof pond system for passive cooling in hot-arid regions. Energy
and Buildings 144 (2017) 295–30217. NURIT AGAM, SOLOMON LEAKE AND PEDRO R. BERLINER. Modeling short wave solar radiation flux in a trench water harvesting system. Agricultural
and Forest Meteorology 221 (2016) 152–163