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Effects of the Civil War Leading to Reconstruction

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Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

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Civil War and Economics Overall, the Northern economy expanded while the Southern economy was shattered o Inflation 1861, average family spent $6.65/month on food Mid-1863, spending $68/month on foodIF they could find food to buy!

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Inflation To raise revenue, both the Union and the Confederacy issued paper money o Northern currency succeeded because the public maintained confidence in the Northern economy Currency issued by the Confederacy was backed by gold individual states also used its own currency. o Because the war weakened the Southern economy, the public lost faith in the Confederate currency Value went down, prices went up Inflation rates in the South: 7,000% (prices 70 times higher) Inflation rates in the North: 80%

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Impact of the Civil War in Economics Union blockade also created shortages of salt, coffee, nails, needles, and medicines Decline of the plantation system o Slaves leaving plantations o Slave resistance o Plantations being destroyed during battles New federal tax o Congress decided to help pay for the war by tapping American citizens wealth. o In 1863, Congress enacted the tax law that authorized the nations first income tax, which takes a percentage of an individuals income

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Casualties on both sides Problems other than Casualties: o Poor living conditions Most soldiers failed to wash their hands/face once a day or take a bath once a week Body lice, dysentery, diarrhea o Diet Beans, bacon, square biscuits OR cush (stew of beef, cornbread mixed in bacon grease) o Medical Care

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Gettysburg

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Slide 9

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to other wars

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Economic Costs Union war costs totaled $2.3 billion Confederate War costs ran to $1 billion Union war costs increased the national debt from $65 million in 1860 to $2.7 billion in 1865 Confederate debt ran over $1.8 billion in 1864 Union inflation peaked at 182% in 1864 Confederate inflation rose to 7,000%

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Lincolns Assassination Fords Theater April 15, 1865

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The assassination John Wilkes Booth Thus be it ever to tyrants or The South is avenged!

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Death & Execution

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Road to Reconstruction The Civil War had ended slavery and secession were gone now the country faced 2 problems: 1)How to restore the Southern states to the Union 2) How to integrate approximately 4 million newly freed African Americans into national life