EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITHANIA SOMNIFERA L....

200

EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITHANIA SOMNIFERA L. ROOTS

ON SOME EGG PRODUCTION AND QUALITY TRAITS OF HEAT STRESSED JAPANESE QUAILS

Dhia IBRAHIM1, Suad AHMAD1, Shalal HUSSAIN2

1College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad

2Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research

Corresponding author email: [email protected] Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the anti-stress properties of local Withania somnifera roots, (WSR) in alleviating heat stress and improve egg production and quality in Iraq during summer season. The roots were used as ethanolic extract or crude powder. Ethanolic extract was done by using 70% ethanol. Three hundred Quail hens, 6 weeks (wks) old were used which were fed with standard basal diet containing 20% crude protein and 2903Kcal/Kg metabolizable energy and reared under high environmental temperature(27-37-27°C)and relative humidity (40-50%) and were randomly allocated to five groups as follows: Treatment (T0): control group without any supplementation; Treatment 1and 2(T1,T2) quails supplemented orally with a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight(b.wt)/day ethanolic extract of Withania somnifera roots (WSRE; Treatment 3, 4(T3,T4) quails received Withania somnifera roots as powder (WSRP) mixed with the diet at the rate of 1or 2g/kg diet respectively. At 7,9,11,13 weeks of age and the total average of these weeks egg production and quality traits were calculated. Quails supplemented with roots powder at the rate of 1g/kg diet. (T3) were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in total average of egg production (%) than those received ethanolic extract (T1and T2). Also T3 was the best treatment in egg weight, feed conversion ratio, egg mass and albumin height. The supplemented groups T1, T2, T3 and T4did not differ significantly from control in yolk index and Haugh unit. Egg tests during experimental period showed that there were no appearances of blood spot and meat segments, and no significant differences between treatments concerning with egg flavour test. We can concluded that little benefit in using (WSR) under heat stress to improve egg production and quality and the result favourite T3. Key words: Withania somnifera roots, egg production, quails, ethanolic extract and powder, Heat stress. INTRODUCTION In many countries including, Iraq poultry production suffers from high environmental temperatures in summer for more than six months. High ambient temperature is one of the major factors affecting poultry industry (Al-Hassani and Al-Jebouri,1988). Thus, several researches have been done to investigate the role of supplementing certain medicinal plant in improving birds performance because, its cheap and safety instead of using chemical drug. Withania somnifera (WS), also known as Ashwahandha, and Indian ginseng, is mentioned in the ancient Ayurvedic literature (Ghadha, 1976). The plant grows widely in all dry parts of subtropical India. It is also found in the Mediterranean region, the Middle East and South Africa; and in Iraq. WS is an important medicinal plant widely used as a home remedy for several diseases in India as well as other parts of the world (Owais et al., 2005). The chemistry of WS, as a rich source of bioactive

compounds (Padmavathi et al., 2005) has been extensively studied. Twelve alkaloids, 35 with anolides and several sitoindosides from WS have been isolated (Matsuda et al., 2001; Ganzera et al., 2003; Jayaprakasam et al., 2003; Kaure et al., 2003). The pharmacological and therapeutic efficacy of this plant was well established (Dhuley, 2000). It has multifaceted medicinal properties-inducing antioxidant, adaptogen, aphrodisiac, liver tonic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial (Sandaram et al., 2011) There were no previous studies that examine the antistress and adaptogenic efficacy of indigenous Withania somnifera roots (WSR) as ethanolic extract, or powder to alleviate heat stress on egg production and quality of heat stressed Japanese quail. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were carried out at Poultry Farm, Department of Animal Resource, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad. The

Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science. Vol. LIX, 2016ISSN 2285-5750; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769; ISSN Online 2393-2260; ISSN-L 2285-5750

experimental quails were brought from the Poultry Farm of Agriculture Foundation Re-search, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq. Three hundred Hens quails 6 weeks (wks) old, 190-200g body weight (b.wt.) were fed with standard basal diet containing 20% crude protein and 2903Kcal/Kg ME (Table 1) All birds were in healthy conditions. The birds reared under environmental temperature (27-37-27°C) and relative humidity (40-50%). Diet and water were supplemented ad libitum. All birds were acclimatized to experimental condition for 14 day.

Table 1.Composition and calculated analysis of experimental diet

% Ingredient

56.1 Yellow corn 31.1 Soybean meal 5.0 Protein concentrate* 2.0 Vegetable oil 4.9 Limestone 0.6 Dicalcium phosphate 0.3 Food salt

*Calculated composition

20.0 %Crude Protein

2903 ME(Kcal /Kg)

1.11 %Lysine

0.77 % Mehionine 2.54 %Calcium 0.35 %Available phosphorus

*Type "Holdmix" manufactured in Jordan, every 1 Kg contain 40% crude protein, 7.5% fat, 2.5% crude fiber, 8% calcium, 2100 kcal ME, 2.30% phosphorus, 2.60% salt, 2.4% lysine, 1.7% methionine and cystine, 2500 IU vitamin D3, 300 mg vitamin B3, 10 mg vitamin B6, 200 mg vitamin E, 200 mg niacin, 500 mg iron, 600 mg zinc, 10 mg cobalt, 100000 IU vitamin A,10 mg vitamin B1, 100 mg vitamin B12, 20 mg vitamin K3, 0.5 mg Biotin, 80 mg pantothenic acid, 50 mg copper, 700 mg manganese, 2 mg Selenium and 5 mg folic acid. **calculated composition according to NRC, (1994). Fresh healthy plants of WS, 2-3 years old were collected from several places in Baghdad. The herb was identified and authenticated at the Iraqi National Herbarium, Abu Ghariab. The roots were separated, cleaned, washed, air dried in shades, crushed and became a powder by an electric grinder. The fresh powdered root of WS was extracted with 70% ethanol according to (Harborne et al., 1975). Quails were randomly distributed into five equal groups with three replicates for each group. The experimental treatments were as follows:

Treatment (T0): control group without any additions to diet; Treatments 1,2 (T1,T2): quails supplemented orally with a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg b.wt. of ethanolic extract Withania somnifera roots (WSRE); Treatment 3,4 (T3,T4): quails supplemented with Withania somnifera roots as powder WSRP mixed with the diet at the rate of 1 or 2 g/kg diet. For ethanolic extract treatments (T1 and T2), a certain weight of the extract was suspended in a convenience amount of distilled water in order to prepare the dose of 50 mg/kg b.wt. for T1 and 100mg/kg b.wt for T2. These doses were administrated daily at 12.00 PM for every bird during entire experiment period, by using stomach tube which inserts the substance into the crop. For crude powder treatments, 1 and 2 g of fresh powder were mixed for every kg of T3 and T4 diet respectively. These diets were presented to hens daily, until the end of experiment. Eggs were collected daily at 9.00AM. Egg production (EP) was determined on daily- basis as the number of eggs laid by birds as hen's day (HD) production according to Naji and Hanna (1999). Ten freshly laid eggs were collected once weekly from each replicate. The eggs were weighed for average egg weight (EW) by using electronic scale with high precision strain gauge sensor system (400-SF). Egg mass (EM) was calculated according to Al-Zubaidy (1986) The egg shell was broken at the middle portion with the help of blunt end of knife; its contents were poured on perfectly levelled glass plate. The height of thick albumin was taken between the yolk and the outer border of thick albumen. Albumin height (AH) was measured with the help of micrometer with a least count of 0.001 mm after adjusting for the zero error on the plain glass plate. Yolk height (YH) was measured with the help of micrometer. Yolk diameter (YD) was measured with the help of digital Verne caliber (0.01 - 150 mm). Yolk index (YI) was calculated according to Card and Nesheim (1973). Haugh unit (HU) was measured according to the equation mentioned by Card and Nesheim (1973). The eggs were tested to determine the presence or absence of blood spot and meat segments.

201

experimental quails were brought from the Poultry Farm of Agriculture Foundation Re-search, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq. Three hundred Hens quails 6 weeks (wks) old, 190-200g body weight (b.wt.) were fed with standard basal diet containing 20% crude protein and 2903Kcal/Kg ME (Table 1) All birds were in healthy conditions. The birds reared under environmental temperature (27-37-27°C) and relative humidity (40-50%). Diet and water were supplemented ad libitum. All birds were acclimatized to experimental condition for 14 day.

Table 1.Composition and calculated analysis of experimental diet

% Ingredient

56.1 Yellow corn 31.1 Soybean meal 5.0 Protein concentrate* 2.0 Vegetable oil 4.9 Limestone 0.6 Dicalcium phosphate 0.3 Food salt

*Calculated composition

20.0 %Crude Protein

2903 ME(Kcal /Kg)

1.11 %Lysine

0.77 % Mehionine 2.54 %Calcium 0.35 %Available phosphorus

*Type "Holdmix" manufactured in Jordan, every 1 Kg contain 40% crude protein, 7.5% fat, 2.5% crude fiber, 8% calcium, 2100 kcal ME, 2.30% phosphorus, 2.60% salt, 2.4% lysine, 1.7% methionine and cystine, 2500 IU vitamin D3, 300 mg vitamin B3, 10 mg vitamin B6, 200 mg vitamin E, 200 mg niacin, 500 mg iron, 600 mg zinc, 10 mg cobalt, 100000 IU vitamin A,10 mg vitamin B1, 100 mg vitamin B12, 20 mg vitamin K3, 0.5 mg Biotin, 80 mg pantothenic acid, 50 mg copper, 700 mg manganese, 2 mg Selenium and 5 mg folic acid. **calculated composition according to NRC, (1994). Fresh healthy plants of WS, 2-3 years old were collected from several places in Baghdad. The herb was identified and authenticated at the Iraqi National Herbarium, Abu Ghariab. The roots were separated, cleaned, washed, air dried in shades, crushed and became a powder by an electric grinder. The fresh powdered root of WS was extracted with 70% ethanol according to (Harborne et al., 1975). Quails were randomly distributed into five equal groups with three replicates for each group. The experimental treatments were as follows:

Treatment (T0): control group without any additions to diet; Treatments 1,2 (T1,T2): quails supplemented orally with a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg b.wt. of ethanolic extract Withania somnifera roots (WSRE); Treatment 3,4 (T3,T4): quails supplemented with Withania somnifera roots as powder WSRP mixed with the diet at the rate of 1 or 2 g/kg diet. For ethanolic extract treatments (T1 and T2), a certain weight of the extract was suspended in a convenience amount of distilled water in order to prepare the dose of 50 mg/kg b.wt. for T1 and 100mg/kg b.wt for T2. These doses were administrated daily at 12.00 PM for every bird during entire experiment period, by using stomach tube which inserts the substance into the crop. For crude powder treatments, 1 and 2 g of fresh powder were mixed for every kg of T3 and T4 diet respectively. These diets were presented to hens daily, until the end of experiment. Eggs were collected daily at 9.00AM. Egg production (EP) was determined on daily- basis as the number of eggs laid by birds as hen's day (HD) production according to Naji and Hanna (1999). Ten freshly laid eggs were collected once weekly from each replicate. The eggs were weighed for average egg weight (EW) by using electronic scale with high precision strain gauge sensor system (400-SF). Egg mass (EM) was calculated according to Al-Zubaidy (1986) The egg shell was broken at the middle portion with the help of blunt end of knife; its contents were poured on perfectly levelled glass plate. The height of thick albumin was taken between the yolk and the outer border of thick albumen. Albumin height (AH) was measured with the help of micrometer with a least count of 0.001 mm after adjusting for the zero error on the plain glass plate. Yolk height (YH) was measured with the help of micrometer. Yolk diameter (YD) was measured with the help of digital Verne caliber (0.01 - 150 mm). Yolk index (YI) was calculated according to Card and Nesheim (1973). Haugh unit (HU) was measured according to the equation mentioned by Card and Nesheim (1973). The eggs were tested to determine the presence or absence of blood spot and meat segments.

202

Egg flavopresenting judges thatthe flavor the questiowhich incl2) accordin

TGrade

1 2 3 4 5

According to Ibr

A completthe Statistiused to adifference Duncans (to significa RESULTS The meanpercentageTable 3. Tbetween trEP.At 7 wdecreased compared wsignificantandT4 had(EP) compdiffer signsupplemen1g/kg die(p≤0.05) ireceived etStatistical presented iwere foundand the totwas reducand T3 as cof age. At 11 wkincreased T13 wk of aextract (T1at the rate

or test (Fboiled eg

t had high qof alimentaons presentude five grang to Ibrahim

Table 2. Grad

rahim and Hill (1

tely randomical Analysianalysis the

factors in1955) multant compari

S AND DIS

n values oe (Hen DayThere were reatments atwks of age(p ≤ 0.05)with T0, whly fromT0.

d significanpared toT1, nificantly amnted with roet (T3) wn total avethanolic extanalyses o

in Table 3. d between ttal average oced significcompared w

k of age tT3,T4 as comage treating 1and T2) an

of 1g/kg d

FT) was ggs randomqualificationary product ted in specades for flam and Hill

de of egg flavo

Flavor TestNo flavor Few flavor

Medium flavStrong flavo

Very strong fl

1980).

mized designis System- e data for

n the studietiple range ison betwee

SCUSSION

of egg proy (H.D %) no significt 9 and 11 es, EP wa) in T1 andhile T2 and T At 13 wk

nce increaseT2 and T0, mong eachoot powderere signifierage of (Etract (T1andof Egg weiNo significtreatments aof EW. The

cantly (p≤0with control

there werempared withquails with

nd with crudiet signific

evaluated mly to elen in evaluatand answer

cial applicatavor test (Ta(1980).

or test t

r vor or lavor

n -CRD witSAS 2010 wthe effect

ed paramettests was u

en means.

NS

oduction (are shown

ant differenwks of age

as significand T4 groupT3 didn’t diks of age, ed (p≤0.01)which did

h other. Qur at the rateicantly higEP) than thd T2). ight (EW)

cant differenat 7 wk of e values of E.01) in T1,group at 9 w

e a significh T0 and T1h root ethanude powder(cantly (p≤0.

by even ting ring tion able

thin was t of ters. used

(EP) n in nces e on ntly

p as iffer T3 ) in not

uails e of gher hose

are nces age EW , T2 wks

cant . At

nolic (T3) .05)

incwh

T

p

T0 = T3= betwdiffeSignmean Tabto eduewh(7,gropowandimpcomwe11 wecomAs difftreaat 9as siggrono andHesigto WAt thafro

creased EWhich did not

Table 3.Effect roots as ethan

production andunder h

control, T1 = 50 1g/Kg diet WSR

ween treatments erences between tnificant differencn ± SE.

ble 4 showsegg (FCE) e to experim

hile, at the11,13 wks)

oups supplwder in cod with contproved sigmparison wre significaand 13 wksre significampared to T

shown in fferences iatments dur9 wks of agextract (T1nificantly (

oup and T3 significant

d hens in T0ns supplemnificance (pWSRE and13 wk of a

an others anm T1, T2,T3

W as compadiffer signi

of supplemennolic extract od egg weight o

high environm

mg/Kg b.wt WSRP, T4= 2g/Kg dieat (p≤0.05) in

treatments at (p≤es between treat

s that the rawhich did n

mental treate rest of , there weremented womparison wtrol. At 7 agnificantly with T1.Treantly (p≤0.0s of age andant improveT1 and T2.

Table 4, tn egg mring experimge. Hens su and T2) o(p≤0.05) loat 7 wk of difference

0. mented with

p≤0.05) incd control groage, T3 hadnd differed 3 and T0 .

ared to conificantly fro

nting Withaniaor crude powdof Japanese q

mental tempera

RE, T2 = 100 mget WSRP, *Signifn the same raw≤0.01) in the samtments, Values a

atio of feed not differ stments at 9 experiment

re an improwith roots with ethano

and 13 wks(p≤0.01)

eatments T01) better thd in total aveement (p≤0

there were mass (EM)mental periupplementeor as powdeower EM th

age, while es between

WSRP (T3creased EMoups at 11

d the highersignificantl

ntrol group,m T4.

a somnifera der on egg quail reared ature

g/Kg b.wt WSRE,ficant differencesw, **Significant

me raw), NS= Noare expressed as

conversionignificantlywk of age,

tal periodsovement in

as crudeolic extractof age, T3in (FCE)

T3 and T4han T1 at 7,erage, there0.05) in T3

significant) betweeniods exceptd with rooter (T4) hadhan controlthere werehens in T3

3andT4) hadM compared

wk of age.r EM valuely (p≤0.01)

,

, s t o s

n y , s n e t 3 ) 4 , e 3

t n t t d l e 3

d d . e )

Total averahens with values (p≤treatments(

Table 4.Efroots as e

conversion rund

T0 = control, T1 T3= 1g/Kg diet Wbetween treatmdifferences betwSignificant diffmean ± SE From Tablwks of agetreatments (AH). At AH (p≤0.0and T0 hadas compashowed nogroups coyolk heighwere foundexperimentStatistical presented conflict ithrough exT1 reduceother treatsignificantT3reduced T2and T4acantly as cTotal aversignificantT3. On the(T1, T2, T3from contr

age of EM s1g/kg diet

≤0.05) of (T1, T2, T4 a

ffect of suppleethanolic extraratio and egg mder high enviro

= 50 mg/Kg b.wWSRP, T4= 2g/K

ments at (p≤0.0ween treatments aferences between

le 5 it can be, no signif

were foun11 wk of a

01) than T1d significantared withTo significanompared wht (YH), nd between ttal periods (analysis

in Table (in differenxperimentaled significatments whily with T

significanalso at 13 wompared wrage of YDly (p≤0.05)

e other hand3 and T4) drol.

showed thatWSRP (TEM comp

and T0).

ementing Withact or crude pmass of Japanonmental temp

wt WSRE, T2 = 10Kg diet WSRP, *S5) in the sameat (p≤0.01) in th

n treatments, Val

be observed ficant differnd in egg aage, T3 gro. At 13 wktly (p≤0.05)1 group.

nt differencewith controno significatreatments (Table 5). of yolk d

(6) shows tnces amon periods. Aantly as cle at 9 wk

T2 meanwhntly compawk T1 incrith T0, T3,TD revealed higher valud, all suppledid not diffe

t supplemen3) gave hig

pared to ot

hania somniferpowder on feednese quails reaperature.

00 mg/Kg b.wt WSignificant differe raw, **Signie same raw), NSlues are express

that at 7 anrences betwalbumin heioup had higk of age, T) increased Total avere in all trea

ol. Concernant differenthroughout

diameter (Ythat there wng treatme

At 7 wk of ompared w

k T3 decreaile at 11

ared with reased sign

T4. d that T4ues than T1emented quer significan

nted gher ther

ra d ared

WSRE, rences ificant S= No sed as

nd 9 ween

ight gher 3,T4 AH

rage ated ning nces

the

YD) was ents age

with ased

wk T0,

nify-

had and

uails ntly

YoTabbetthe

Troh

T0 = T3= betwdiffeSignmean

Tro

dia

T0 = T3= betwdiffeSignmean Qu50 sigandsigwitsig

olk index (Yble 6 showtween treatme total avera

Table 5.Effect oots as ethanolheight and egg

under hi


ween treatments erences between tnificant differencn ± SE

Table 6.Effect oots as ethanolameter and ind

en



uial hens sumg/kg b

nificantly (d T3 and T4nificantly (th T0, T2nificantly b

YI) paramewed no s

ments at 9, age.

of supplemenlic extract or c

g yolk height oigh environme



of supplemenlic extract or cdex of Japanesnvironmental t



pplementedb.wt (T1) (p≤0.05) coat 7 wk. A

(p≤0.05) inand T4, w

between each

eters that psignificant and 13 wks

nting Withaniacrude powder of Japanese quental tempera


nting Withaniacrude powder se quails rearetemperature


d WSRE at had incr

ompared wAt 11wk of ancreased YIwhich did ch others.

resented indifferences

s of age and

a somnifera on albumin

uails reared ture.



a somnifera on egg yolk

ed under high



the rate ofreased YI

with T0, T2,age, T3 hadI compared

not differ

n s d

, s t o s

, s t o s

f I ,

d d r

203

Egg flavopresenting judges thatthe flavor the questiowhich incl2) accordin

TGrade

1 2 3 4 5

According to Ibr

A completthe Statistiused to adifference Duncans (to significa RESULTS The meanpercentageTable 3. Tbetween trEP.At 7 wdecreased compared wsignificantandT4 had(EP) compdiffer signsupplemen1g/kg die(p≤0.05) ireceived etStatistical presented iwere foundand the totwas reducand T3 as cof age. At 11 wkincreased T13 wk of aextract (T1at the rate

or test (Fboiled eg

t had high qof alimentaons presentude five grang to Ibrahim

Table 2. Grad

rahim and Hill (1

tely randomical Analysianalysis the

factors in1955) multant compari

S AND DIS

n values oe (Hen DayThere were reatments atwks of age(p ≤ 0.05)with T0, whly fromT0.

d significanpared toT1, nificantly amnted with roet (T3) wn total avethanolic extanalyses o

in Table 3. d between ttal average oced significcompared w

k of age tT3,T4 as comage treating 1and T2) an

of 1g/kg d

FT) was ggs randomqualificationary product ted in specades for flam and Hill

de of egg flavo

Flavor TestNo flavor Few flavor

Medium flavStrong flavo

Very strong fl

1980).

mized designis System- e data for

n the studietiple range ison betwee

SCUSSION

of egg proy (H.D %) no significt 9 and 11 es, EP wa) in T1 andhile T2 and T At 13 wk

nce increaseT2 and T0, mong eachoot powderere signifierage of (Etract (T1andof Egg weiNo significtreatments aof EW. The

cantly (p≤0with control

there werempared withquails with

nd with crudiet signific

evaluated mly to elen in evaluatand answer

cial applicatavor test (Ta(1980).

or test t

r vor or lavor

n -CRD witSAS 2010 wthe effect

ed paramettests was u

en means.

NS

oduction (are shown

ant differenwks of age

as significand T4 groupT3 didn’t diks of age, ed (p≤0.01)which did

h other. Qur at the rateicantly higEP) than thd T2). ight (EW)

cant differenat 7 wk of e values of E.01) in T1,group at 9 w

e a significh T0 and T1h root ethanude powder(cantly (p≤0.

by even ting ring tion able

thin was t of ters. used

(EP) n in nces e on ntly

p as iffer T3 ) in not

uails e of gher hose

are nces age EW , T2 wks

cant . At

nolic (T3) .05)

incwh

T

p

T0 = T3= betwdiffeSignmean Tabto eduewh(7,gropowandimpcomwe11 wecomAs difftreaat 9as siggrono andHesigto WAt thafro

creased EWhich did not

Table 3.Effect roots as ethan

production andunder h



ble 4 showsegg (FCE) e to experim

hile, at the11,13 wks)

oups supplwder in cod with contproved sigmparison wre significaand 13 wksre significampared to T

shown in fferences iatments dur9 wks of agextract (T1nificantly (

oup and T3 significant

d hens in T0ns supplemnificance (pWSRE and13 wk of a

an others anm T1, T2,T3

W as compadiffer signi

of supplemennolic extract od egg weight o

high environm



s that the rawhich did n

mental treate rest of , there weremented womparison wtrol. At 7 agnificantly with T1.Treantly (p≤0.0s of age andant improveT1 and T2.

Table 4, tn egg mring experimge. Hens su and T2) o(p≤0.05) loat 7 wk of difference

0. mented with

p≤0.05) incd control groage, T3 hadnd differed 3 and T0 .

ared to conificantly fro

nting Withaniaor crude powdof Japanese q

mental tempera


atio of feed not differ stments at 9 experiment

re an improwith roots with ethano

and 13 wks(p≤0.01)

eatments T01) better thd in total aveement (p≤0

there were mass (EM)mental periupplementeor as powdeower EM th

age, while es between

WSRP (T3creased EMoups at 11

d the highersignificantl

ntrol group,m T4.

a somnifera der on egg quail reared ature



conversionignificantlywk of age,

tal periodsovement in

as crudeolic extractof age, T3in (FCE)

T3 and T4han T1 at 7,erage, there0.05) in T3

significant) betweeniods exceptd with rooter (T4) hadhan controlthere werehens in T3

3andT4) hadM compared

wk of age.r EM valuely (p≤0.01)

,

, s t o s

n y , s n e t 3 ) 4 , e 3

t n t t d l e 3

d d . e )

Total averahens with values (p≤treatments(

Table 4.Efroots as e

conversion rund

T0 = control, T1 T3= 1g/Kg diet Wbetween treatmdifferences betwSignificant diffmean ± SE From Tablwks of agetreatments (AH). At AH (p≤0.0and T0 hadas compashowed nogroups coyolk heighwere foundexperimentStatistical presented conflict ithrough exT1 reduceother treatsignificantT3reduced T2and T4acantly as cTotal aversignificantT3. On the(T1, T2, T3from contr

age of EM s1g/kg diet

≤0.05) of (T1, T2, T4 a

ffect of suppleethanolic extraratio and egg mder high enviro

= 50 mg/Kg b.wWSRP, T4= 2g/K

ments at (p≤0.0ween treatments aferences between

le 5 it can be, no signif

were foun11 wk of a

01) than T1d significantared withTo significanompared wht (YH), nd between ttal periods (analysis

in Table (in differenxperimentaled significatments whily with T

significanalso at 13 wompared wrage of YDly (p≤0.05)

e other hand3 and T4) drol.

showed thatWSRP (TEM comp

and T0).

ementing Withact or crude pmass of Japanonmental temp

wt WSRE, T2 = 10Kg diet WSRP, *S5) in the sameat (p≤0.01) in th

n treatments, Val

be observed ficant differnd in egg aage, T3 gro. At 13 wktly (p≤0.05)1 group.

nt differencewith controno significatreatments (Table 5). of yolk d

(6) shows tnces amon periods. Aantly as cle at 9 wk

T2 meanwhntly compawk T1 incrith T0, T3,TD revealed higher valud, all suppledid not diffe

t supplemen3) gave hig

pared to ot

hania somniferpowder on feednese quails reaperature.

00 mg/Kg b.wt WSignificant differe raw, **Signie same raw), NSlues are express

that at 7 anrences betwalbumin heioup had higk of age, T) increased Total avere in all trea

ol. Concernant differenthroughout

diameter (Ythat there wng treatme

At 7 wk of ompared w

k T3 decreaile at 11

ared with reased sign

T4. d that T4ues than T1emented quer significan

nted gher ther

ra d ared

WSRE, rences ificant S= No sed as

nd 9 ween

ight gher 3,T4 AH

rage ated ning nces

the

YD) was ents age

with ased

wk T0,

nify-

had and

uails ntly

YoTabbetthe

Troh

T0 = T3= betwdiffeSignmean

Tro

dia

T0 = T3= betwdiffeSignmean Qu50 sigandsigwitsig

olk index (Yble 6 showtween treatme total avera

Table 5.Effect oots as ethanolheight and egg

under hi


ween treatments erences between tnificant differencn ± SE

Table 6.Effect oots as ethanolameter and ind

en



uial hens sumg/kg b

nificantly (d T3 and T4nificantly (th T0, T2nificantly b

YI) paramewed no s

ments at 9, age.

of supplemenlic extract or c

g yolk height oigh environme



of supplemenlic extract or cdex of Japanesnvironmental t



pplementedb.wt (T1) (p≤0.05) coat 7 wk. A

(p≤0.05) inand T4, w

between each

eters that psignificant and 13 wks

nting Withaniacrude powder of Japanese quental tempera


nting Withaniacrude powder se quails rearetemperature


d WSRE at had incr

ompared wAt 11wk of ancreased YIwhich did ch others.

resented indifferences

s of age and

a somnifera on albumin

uails reared ture.



a somnifera on egg yolk

ed under high



the rate ofreased YI

with T0, T2,age, T3 hadI compared

not differ

n s d

, s t o s

, s t o s

f I ,

d d r

204

Regarding differencesthroughout(Table 7). Egg tests dthat there and meat sStatistical no significconcerning

Table 7.Efroots as etha

of Japanes

T0 = control, TWSRE, T3= 1gSignificant diffmean ± SE.

Table 8.Sstressed Jap

somnifeTrea

Signif

T0 = control, T1 T3= 1g/Kg diet WT4= 2g/Kg dietreatments. *Ibrahim and 3=intermediate fFlavor, 5=very s The resultusage of Wproductionstress counsupplemimprovemeas powder could be hincreased ithis groupmeans that

Haugh uns were obtat the study

during expewere no ap

segments. analysis prcant differeg with egg f

ffect of suppleanolic extract se quails reare

tem

T1 = 50 mg/Kg g/Kg diet WSRP

ferences between

Sensory evaluaapanese quails fera roots as et

atments T0 T1 T2 T3 T4

ficant level

= 50 mg/Kg b.wWSRP,

et WSRP, NS =

Hill (1980), Fflavor, 4=strong strong flavour.

ts of EP(HWSR did non of Japanesonditions

mented grouent in EP wat the rate

happened asin the amoup under het females bo

nit values, ained betwwks, and in

erimental pppearances

resented in ences betweflavor test (E

ementing Withor crude powded under high

mperature

b.wt WSRE, TP, T4= 2g/Kg d

n treatments, Val

ations for eggsupplemented

thanolic extracEvalu

wt WSRE, T2 = 10

= No significant

lavor: 1=No fl

H.D%) indiot significanse quail rea

in compup. Yet, it when the roo

of 1g/kg d a result of

unt of feed cat stress c

ody made us

no significeen treatmen total aver

periods showof blood s

Table 8 shoeen treatmeEF).

hania somniferder on haugh uenvironmenta

2 = 100 mg/Kgdiet WSRP, NS=lues are express

g flavor of head with Withanct or powder

uation degree* 3 3 3 3 3

NS

00 mg/Kg b.wt W

t differences bet

avor, 2=little fl

cated that ntly affect

ared under hparison wwas found

ots were addiet. This eff the significconsumptiononditions; se of bioac

cant ents rage

wed spot

ows ents

ra unit al

g b.wt = No

sed as

at nia

WSRE,

tween

flavor,

the egg heat with d an dded ffect cant n in this

ctive

comwheggal.,of al.,prowithigtheTheof Tin fThegrocouandrecRegsigwitmaandEP ThesupcorAHtreawhhadThein conroleinsResWSaffeandusepos CO Reghensigconweandexp

mponents ahich in –turng yolk pre2007), perhthe liver du2008), an

oduction, wth ethanolicgh environme advantage e significanT2 group cofeed intake e reduction

oups suppleuld result frd egg weigceived root agarding EMnificant incth both extray relate tod the inequax EW.

e absence opplemented rrelate withH due to treaated of he

hether as pod any effecte absence oeggs of q

ndition coue of WSRide ovarian sults of ESR as ethanfect this pard this coulde in layer ssibility for

ONCLUSIO

garding eggns, root ponificant impnversion ratight, yolk dd egg flperimental t

available in may imprcursors frohaps througuring heat snd therefo

whereas dailc extract fomental tempusage of W

nt reduction ould be attriand FCE in

n of FCE, wemented wrom their reght in comas crude powM, the poscrease in Tracts and un; T3superioality in EW,

of significagroups andthe disimp

atments. Theat stressedwder or ethon HU valu

of blood spoquails reareuld be attribR in norma

follicle vesEF revealednolic extracrameters in

d be a good hens' nu

marketing.

ONS

g productioowder 1g/kprovement tio; whereadiameter, yoavor weretreatments.

in the roorove the expom the livegh mediatedstress (Harifore increly oral adm

for several peratures m

WS. in average

ibuted to thn this treatmwhich was

with ethanoeduction in mparison wwder. ssible explaT3 group asnsupplemen

ority in EP , as, EM co

ant differennd control iprovement his result indd quails whanolic extrues. ots and meaed under buted to th

alizing bloossels. d that supact or powdn Japanese indicator fo

utrition wit

on performakg diet resin egg mas

as egg prodolk index, e not af

ots powderportation ofer (Asli etd protectionikrishnan eteased eggministrationwks under

may reduce

egg weighthe reductionment.

obtained inlic extract,feed intake

with groups

anation fors comparednted groupspercentagensequential

nces amongn HU mayin EW anddicated thatwith WSRract did not

at segmentsheat stresshe possibleod pressure

pplementingder did notquail eggs

or its safetyth a good

ance of thesulted in ass and feeduction, eggHaugh unit

ffected by

r f t n t g n r e

t n

n , e s

r d s e l

g y d t

R t

s s e e

g t s y d

e a d g t y

REFERENCES Al-Hassani D.H. S. Al-Jebouri, 1998. Heat tolerance of

Iraqi indigenous chicken. In Proc. XVIII Worlds Poult., Cong. Nago., Janpan

Al-Zubaidy S.S.A., 1986. Poultry Management. 1 sted, University of Al-Basrah

Card L.E.A, M.C. Nesheim, 1973.Poultry production. 11th ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia,U.S.A.

Asli M.M., S.A. Hosseini, H. Lotfollahian, F. Shariatmadari, 2007. Effect of probiotics, yeast, Vitamin E and Vitamin C supplements on performance and Immune response of laying hen during high environmental temperature. Inter.J. Poult. Sci., 6(12):895-900.

Dhuley J.N., 2000. Adaptogenic and Cardioprotective action of Ashwagan-dha in rats and frogs. J. Ethnopharma, 70:57-63

Duncan D.B., 1955. Multiple ranges and multiple F test.Biometrics, 11:1-42.

Ganzera M., M.I. Choudhary, I.A. Khan, 2003. Quantitative HPLC analysis of withanolides in Withania somnifera. Fitoterapia., 74 : 68-76.

Ghadha Y.R., 1976. The Wealth of India (Raw materials), 58

Harikrishnan B., P. Subramanian, S. Suhash, 2008. Effect of Withania somnifera root powder on the levels of circulatory liquid Peroxidation and liver marker enzymes in chronic hyperammone-mia.E.J.Chems., 5(4):872-877.

Harborne J.B., T.J. Mabray, H. Mabray, 1975. Physiology and function of Flavonoids, 970. The Flavonoids, Academic press, New York.

Ibrahim I.K., Hill K., 1980. The effect of rapeseed meals from Brassica napus varieties and the variety tower on

the production and health of laying fowl. Poult.Sci., 21:423-430.

Jayaprakasam B., Y.J. Zhang, N.P. Seeram, M.G. Nair, 2003. Growth inhibition of tumor cell lines by Withanolides from Withania somnifera leaves. Life Sci., 74:125-132.

Kaur P., M. Sharma, S. Mathur, 2003. Effect of 1-oxo-5beta, 6beta-epoxy-witha-2-ene-27-ethoxy-olide isolated from the root of Withania somnifera on stress indices in Wistar rats. J. Altern. Complement. Med., 9: 897–907.

Matsuda H., T. Murakami, A. Kishi, M. Yoshikawa, 2001.Structures of withanosides I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII, new withanolide glycosides, from the roots of Indian Withania somnifera DUNAL and inhibitory activity for tachyphylaxis to clonidine in isolated guinea-pig ileum. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 9:1499–507

NajiS.A.H., A.G. Hanna, 1999.Commercial laying hens management. Arab Union of Food and Industry.Nesheim

N.RC. National Research Council, 1994. National Academy of Science. Nutrient Requirement of poultry 9th ed .Washington, USA.

OwaisM.,K.S.Sharad,A.Shehbaz, M.Saleemuddin, 2005.Phytomedicine,12 : 229

Padmavathi B.,P.C.Rath,A.R.Rao, R.P.Singh,2005.Roots of Withania somnifera inhibit for stomach and skin carcinogenesis in mice. Evid. Based Complement Alternat. Med., 2 (1) : 99-105.

Sandaram S., P. Dwived, S. Purwar, 2011. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activities of crude extracts of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to bacterial Pathogens.Asian J.Biotech., 3:194-199.

SAS, 2010.Statistical Analysis System, User's Guide. Statistical. Version 9.1th ed. SAS. Inst. Inc. Cary, N.C., USA.

205

Regarding differencesthroughout(Table 7). Egg tests dthat there and meat sStatistical no significconcerning

Table 7.Efroots as etha

of Japanes

T0 = control, TWSRE, T3= 1gSignificant diffmean ± SE.

Table 8.Sstressed Jap

somnifeTrea

Signif

T0 = control, T1 T3= 1g/Kg diet WT4= 2g/Kg dietreatments. *Ibrahim and 3=intermediate fFlavor, 5=very s The resultusage of Wproductionstress counsupplemimprovemeas powder could be hincreased ithis groupmeans that

Haugh uns were obtat the study

during expewere no ap

segments. analysis prcant differeg with egg f

ffect of suppleanolic extract se quails reare

tem

T1 = 50 mg/Kg g/Kg diet WSRP

ferences between

Sensory evaluaapanese quails fera roots as et

atments T0 T1 T2 T3 T4

ficant level

= 50 mg/Kg b.wWSRP,

et WSRP, NS =

Hill (1980), Fflavor, 4=strong strong flavour.

ts of EP(HWSR did non of Japanesonditions

mented grouent in EP wat the rate

happened asin the amoup under het females bo

nit values, ained betwwks, and in

erimental pppearances

resented in ences betweflavor test (E

ementing Withor crude powded under high

mperature

b.wt WSRE, TP, T4= 2g/Kg d

n treatments, Val

ations for eggsupplemented

thanolic extracEvalu

wt WSRE, T2 = 10

= No significant

lavor: 1=No fl

H.D%) indiot significanse quail rea

in compup. Yet, it when the roo

of 1g/kg d a result of

unt of feed cat stress c

ody made us

no significeen treatmen total aver

periods showof blood s

Table 8 shoeen treatmeEF).

hania somniferder on haugh uenvironmenta

2 = 100 mg/Kgdiet WSRP, NS=lues are express

g flavor of head with Withanct or powder

uation degree* 3 3 3 3 3

NS

00 mg/Kg b.wt W

t differences bet

avor, 2=little fl

cated that ntly affect

ared under hparison wwas found

ots were addiet. This eff the significconsumptiononditions; se of bioac

cant ents rage

wed spot

ows ents

ra unit al

g b.wt = No

sed as

at nia

WSRE,

tween

flavor,

the egg heat with d an dded ffect cant n in this

ctive

comwheggal.,of al.,prowithigtheTheof Tin fThegrocouandrecRegsigwitmaandEP ThesupcorAHtreawhhadThein conroleinsResWSaffeandusepos CO Reghensigconweandexp

mponents ahich in –turng yolk pre2007), perhthe liver du2008), an

oduction, wth ethanolicgh environme advantage e significanT2 group cofeed intake e reduction

oups suppleuld result frd egg weigceived root agarding EMnificant incth both extray relate tod the inequax EW.

e absence opplemented rrelate withH due to treaated of he

hether as pod any effecte absence oeggs of q

ndition coue of WSRide ovarian sults of ESR as ethanfect this pard this coulde in layer ssibility for

ONCLUSIO

garding eggns, root ponificant impnversion ratight, yolk dd egg flperimental t

available in may imprcursors frohaps througuring heat snd therefo

whereas dailc extract fomental tempusage of W

nt reduction ould be attriand FCE in

n of FCE, wemented wrom their reght in comas crude powM, the poscrease in Tracts and un; T3superioality in EW,

of significagroups andthe disimp

atments. Theat stressedwder or ethon HU valu

of blood spoquails reareuld be attribR in norma

follicle vesEF revealednolic extracrameters in

d be a good hens' nu

marketing.

ONS

g productioowder 1g/kprovement tio; whereadiameter, yoavor weretreatments.

in the roorove the expom the livegh mediatedstress (Harifore increly oral adm

for several peratures m

WS. in average

ibuted to thn this treatmwhich was

with ethanoeduction in mparison wwder. ssible explaT3 group asnsupplemen

ority in EP , as, EM co

ant differennd control iprovement his result indd quails whanolic extrues. ots and meaed under buted to th

alizing bloossels. d that supact or powdn Japanese indicator fo

utrition wit

on performakg diet resin egg mas

as egg prodolk index, e not af

ots powderportation ofer (Asli etd protectionikrishnan eteased eggministrationwks under

may reduce

egg weighthe reductionment.

obtained inlic extract,feed intake

with groups

anation fors comparednted groupspercentagensequential

nces amongn HU mayin EW anddicated thatwith WSRract did not

at segmentsheat stresshe possibleod pressure

pplementingder did notquail eggs

or its safetyth a good

ance of thesulted in ass and feeduction, eggHaugh unit

ffected by

r f t n t g n r e

t n

n , e s

r d s e l

g y d t

R t

s s e e

g t s y d

e a d g t y

REFERENCES Al-Hassani D.H. S. Al-Jebouri, 1998. Heat tolerance of

Iraqi indigenous chicken. In Proc. XVIII Worlds Poult., Cong. Nago., Janpan

Al-Zubaidy S.S.A., 1986. Poultry Management. 1 sted, University of Al-Basrah

Card L.E.A, M.C. Nesheim, 1973.Poultry production. 11th ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia,U.S.A.

Asli M.M., S.A. Hosseini, H. Lotfollahian, F. Shariatmadari, 2007. Effect of probiotics, yeast, Vitamin E and Vitamin C supplements on performance and Immune response of laying hen during high environmental temperature. Inter.J. Poult. Sci., 6(12):895-900.

Dhuley J.N., 2000. Adaptogenic and Cardioprotective action of Ashwagan-dha in rats and frogs. J. Ethnopharma, 70:57-63

Duncan D.B., 1955. Multiple ranges and multiple F test.Biometrics, 11:1-42.

Ganzera M., M.I. Choudhary, I.A. Khan, 2003. Quantitative HPLC analysis of withanolides in Withania somnifera. Fitoterapia., 74 : 68-76.

Ghadha Y.R., 1976. The Wealth of India (Raw materials), 58

Harikrishnan B., P. Subramanian, S. Suhash, 2008. Effect of Withania somnifera root powder on the levels of circulatory liquid Peroxidation and liver marker enzymes in chronic hyperammone-mia.E.J.Chems., 5(4):872-877.

Harborne J.B., T.J. Mabray, H. Mabray, 1975. Physiology and function of Flavonoids, 970. The Flavonoids, Academic press, New York.

Ibrahim I.K., Hill K., 1980. The effect of rapeseed meals from Brassica napus varieties and the variety tower on

the production and health of laying fowl. Poult.Sci., 21:423-430.

Jayaprakasam B., Y.J. Zhang, N.P. Seeram, M.G. Nair, 2003. Growth inhibition of tumor cell lines by Withanolides from Withania somnifera leaves. Life Sci., 74:125-132.

Kaur P., M. Sharma, S. Mathur, 2003. Effect of 1-oxo-5beta, 6beta-epoxy-witha-2-ene-27-ethoxy-olide isolated from the root of Withania somnifera on stress indices in Wistar rats. J. Altern. Complement. Med., 9: 897–907.

Matsuda H., T. Murakami, A. Kishi, M. Yoshikawa, 2001.Structures of withanosides I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII, new withanolide glycosides, from the roots of Indian Withania somnifera DUNAL and inhibitory activity for tachyphylaxis to clonidine in isolated guinea-pig ileum. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 9:1499–507

NajiS.A.H., A.G. Hanna, 1999.Commercial laying hens management. Arab Union of Food and Industry.Nesheim

N.RC. National Research Council, 1994. National Academy of Science. Nutrient Requirement of poultry 9th ed .Washington, USA.

OwaisM.,K.S.Sharad,A.Shehbaz, M.Saleemuddin, 2005.Phytomedicine,12 : 229

Padmavathi B.,P.C.Rath,A.R.Rao, R.P.Singh,2005.Roots of Withania somnifera inhibit for stomach and skin carcinogenesis in mice. Evid. Based Complement Alternat. Med., 2 (1) : 99-105.

Sandaram S., P. Dwived, S. Purwar, 2011. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activities of crude extracts of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to bacterial Pathogens.Asian J.Biotech., 3:194-199.

SAS, 2010.Statistical Analysis System, User's Guide. Statistical. Version 9.1th ed. SAS. Inst. Inc. Cary, N.C., USA.

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