Effects of Social Networking Sites on Personal...
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Effects of Social Networking Sites on Personal Well-Being Scott Gosnell ST-112, Professor Jiang Introduction Social Media Addiction Bibliography • In social media, addiction is defined as, “being overly concerned about social media, driven by an uncontrollable motivation to log on to or use social media, and devoting so much time and effort to social media that it impairs other important life areas” (Blackwell, 2017) • Early scholarly articles indicate that Facebook showed addictive rates of 8.6%, while in other reports 12% of people reported to be problematic users of SNS. (Andreassen, 2015) • Causes of social media addiction include chemical make up, sociocultural perspective, behavioral reinforcement factors, and bad habits formed around the use of SNS. • Effects of SNS addiction on well-being are emotional issues, relationship problems, sleep issues, and lack of performance in school or work. Andreassen, Cecilie Schou. "Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review." Current Addiction Reports 2.2 (2015): 175-184. Blackwell, David, et al. "Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction." Personality and Individual Differences 116 (2017): 69-72. Diener, Ed, and Martin EP Seligman. "Very happy people." Psychological science 13.1 (2002): 81-84. de Vries, Dian A., and Rinaldo Kühne. "Facebook and self-perception: Individual susceptibility to negative social comparison on Facebook." Personality and Individual Differences 86 (2015): 217-221. Elphinston RA, Noller P. Time to face it! Facebook intrusion and the implications for romantic jealousy and relationship satisfaction. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011;14:631–5. Hale, B. (2015, June 16). The History of Social Media: Social Networking Evolution. History Cooperative. Available Online: http://historycooperative.org/the-history-of-social-media/ (Accessed on 24 May 2017) Isaac, Mike, and Sheera Frenkel. “Facebook Security Breach Exposes Accounts of 50 Million Users.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 28 Sept. 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/09/28/technology/facebook-hack-data-breach.html. Kim, Junghyun, Robert LaRose, and Wei Peng. "Loneliness as the cause and the effect of problematic Internet use: The relationship between Internet use and psychological well- being." CyberPsychology & Behavior 12.4 (2009): 451-455. Mogilner, Cassie. "The pursuit of happiness: Time, money, and social connection." Psychological Science 21.9 (2010): 1348-1354. Valkenburg, Patti M., and Jochen Peter. "Social consequences of the Internet for adolescents: A decade of research." Current directions in psychological science 18.1 (2009): 1-5. History of Social Media • 1997: The first ever social media platform was created in the website “Six Degrees” and lasted until 2001. Six degrees allowed users to create a profile and friend other users. • 2000: From this point the world moved into an era of blogging and instant messaging, like AOL’s instant messenger. By 2000, the internet reached over 100 million people and instant messaging became a big part in many people’s lives. • 2001-2003: the first social media surge hit with the website created in the early 2000’s called MySpace. Another original social media site is LinkedIn, which is geared toward professionals to build a network, find jobs, and socialize. • 2004-Present: Facebook and Twitter dominate the social networking landscape. Over a billion users are on Facebook alone. The history of social media and advanced digital technology is younger than most of its users, and as a society, we do not know all the negative effects yet. Communication is easier than ever before in a lot of capacities. We can text, email, call, and instant message our peers and family at any moment. A platform that combines information, connectivity, messaging, and blogging is social media. In many ways social media makes everyone’s life so much easier. On a broad level, we can connect with friends, gather information instantly, and form online relationships with people around the world. Yet, not all aspects of social media are positive. An important question as social media is becoming a more prevalent part of society is what are social media’s effects on personal well-being? Effects on Social Relationships • An important factor for personal happiness is human connection and relationships you have with others. People are most happy when they are socializing and forming intimate connections. (Mogilner 2010) • Ellison, Steinfeld, and Lampe (2007) empirically tested and found data that Facebook had a strong association with strengthening offline relationships, rather than creating new relationships. • In individuals with low self-esteem and social skills some researchers have found that SNS use can have a negative effect on relationships. • Kim, Larose, and Peng (2009) used the rich-get-richer model to find that individuals who are lonely and use the internet to compensate for their lack of social skills do not improve relationships or well-being. SNS and Self Identity • Social comparison theory describes how people self- evaluate themselves based on social comparisons to others. • On social media people often post their best pictures and experiences. The majority of time spent on SNSs consist of viewing profiles, pictures, and status updates of others. (Vries, 2015) • This information can impact one’s self-perception because users are constantly comparing themselves to others. Source: (Vries, 2015) Source: (Kim, Larose, and Peng, 2009) Security Threats • In September 2018, Facebook had an attack on its computer network that exposed personal information of nearly 50 million users. • A British analytics firm got access to the private information of up to 87 million Facebook users. • “Breaches don’t just violate our privacy. They create enormous risks for our economy and national security,” Rohit Chopra, a commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission, said in a statement. (Isaac, 2018) • These breaches potentially gave access to personal information including gender, addresses, private messages, and access to third party apps like tinder. • Once hackers get this information they can create havoc on your account and profile that can seriously affect your mental and social well-being. • For example, hackers from the latest breach could have gotten access to someone’s Tinder profile. This is a serious threats to someone’s privacy. (Source: Andreassen, 2015) (Source, Public Domain) (Source, Public Domain)
Transcript of Effects of Social Networking Sites on Personal...
Effects of Social Networking Sites on Personal Well-BeingScott Gosnell
ST-112, Professor JiangIntroduction Social Media Addiction
Bibliography
• In social media, addiction is defined as, “being overly concerned about social media, driven by an uncontrollable motivation to log on to or use social media, and devoting so much time and effort to social media that it impairs other important life areas” (Blackwell, 2017)
• Early scholarly articles indicate that Facebook showed addictive rates of 8.6%, while in other reports 12% of people reported to be problematic users of SNS. (Andreassen, 2015)
• Causes of social media addiction include chemical make up, sociocultural perspective, behavioral reinforcement factors, and bad habits formed around the use of SNS.
• Effects of SNS addiction on well-being are emotional issues, relationship problems, sleep issues, and lack of performance in school or work.
Andreassen, Cecilie Schou. "Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review." Current Addiction Reports 2.2 (2015): 175-184.
Blackwell, David, et al. "Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction." Personality and Individual Differences 116 (2017): 69-72.
Diener, Ed, and Martin EP Seligman. "Very happy people." Psychological science 13.1 (2002): 81-84.
de Vries, Dian A., and Rinaldo Kühne. "Facebook and self-perception: Individual susceptibility to negative social comparison on Facebook." Personality and Individual Differences 86 (2015): 217-221.
Elphinston RA, Noller P. Time to face it! Facebook intrusion and the implications for romantic jealousy and relationship satisfaction. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011;14:631–5.
Hale, B. (2015, June 16). The History of Social Media: Social Networking Evolution. History Cooperative. Available Online: http://historycooperative.org/the-history-of-social-media/ (Accessed on 24 May 2017)
Isaac, Mike, and Sheera Frenkel. “Facebook Security Breach Exposes Accounts of 50 Million Users.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 28 Sept. 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/09/28/technology/facebook-hack-data-breach.html.
Kim, Junghyun, Robert LaRose, and Wei Peng. "Loneliness as the cause and the effect of problematic Internet use: The relationship between Internet use and psychological well-being." CyberPsychology & Behavior 12.4 (2009): 451-455.
Mogilner, Cassie. "The pursuit of happiness: Time, money, and social connection." Psychological Science 21.9 (2010): 1348-1354.
Valkenburg, Patti M., and Jochen Peter. "Social consequences of the Internet for adolescents: A decade of research." Current directions in psychological science 18.1 (2009): 1-5.
History of Social Media• 1997: The first ever social media platform was
created in the website “Six Degrees” and lasted until 2001. Six degrees allowed users to create a profile and friend other users.
• 2000: From this point the world moved into an era of blogging and instant messaging, like AOL’s instant messenger. By 2000, the internet reached over 100 million people and instant messaging became a big part in many people’s lives.
• 2001-2003: the first social media surge hit with the website created in the early 2000’s called MySpace. Another original social media site is LinkedIn, which is geared toward professionals to build a network, find jobs, and socialize.
• 2004-Present: Facebook and Twitter dominate the social networking landscape. Over a billion users are on Facebook alone. The history of social media and advanced digital technology is younger than most of its users, and as a society, we do not know all the negative effects yet.
Communication is easier than ever before in a lot of capacities. We can text, email, call, and instant message our peers and family at any moment. A platform that combines information, connectivity, messaging, and blogging is social media. In many ways social media makes everyone’s life so much easier. On a broad level, we can connect with friends, gather information instantly, and form online relationships with people around the world. Yet, not all aspects of social media are positive. An important question as social media is becoming a more prevalent part of society is what are social media’s effects on personal well-being?
Effects on Social Relationships• An important factor for personal happiness is human
connection and relationships you have with others. People are most happy when they are socializing and forming intimate connections. (Mogilner 2010)
• Ellison, Steinfeld, and Lampe (2007) empirically tested and found data that Facebook had a strong association with strengthening offline relationships, rather than creating new relationships.
• In individuals with low self-esteem and social skills some researchers have found that SNS use can have a negative effect on relationships.
• Kim, Larose, and Peng (2009) used the rich-get-richer model to find that individuals who are lonely and use the internet to compensate for their lack of social skills do not improve relationships or well-being.
SNS and Self Identity• Social comparison theory describes how people self-
evaluate themselves based on social comparisons to others.
• On social media people often post their best pictures and experiences. The majority of time spent on SNSs consist of viewing profiles, pictures, and status updates of others. (Vries, 2015)
• This information can impact one’s self-perception because users are constantly comparing themselves to others.
Source: (Vries, 2015)
Source: (Kim, Larose, and Peng, 2009)
Security Threats• In September 2018, Facebook had an attack on its
computer network that exposed personal information of nearly 50 million users.
• A British analytics firm got access to the private information of up to 87 million Facebook users.
• “Breaches don’t just violate our privacy. They create enormous risks for our economy and national security,” Rohit Chopra, a commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission, said in a statement. (Isaac, 2018)
• These breaches potentially gave access to personal information including gender, addresses, private messages, and access to third party apps like tinder.
• Once hackers get this information they can create havoc on your account and profile that can seriously affect your mental and social well-being.
• For example, hackers from the latest breach could have gotten access to someone’s Tinder profile. This is a serious threats to someone’s privacy.
(Source: Andreassen, 2015)
(Source, Public Domain)(Source, Public Domain)
