Effects of SMOKING

Group members:Chloe Hui (8)Stephanie Poon (2

4)Janna Shiu (25)Rachel Tai (27)Tiffany Tsah (29)Diana Wan (33)

Introduction

For example, a smoker increases his

chance of developing lung cancer by

22% when compared to non-smoker.

Cigarette smoke contains many harmful

substances which will increase the risk of

having different kinds of diseases.

It may also lead to diseases

such as osteoporosis, heart

attack, pneumonia, cancers,

etc.

SMOKE• What are the harmful substances in cigarette smoke?

It contains almost 40004000 different chemical substances.

Potential Hazards of Smoking

- Cancer

s

- Heart Attack

- Pneumon

ia

- Eyes Disease

-

Osteoporosi

s

-Etc…..

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis• Osteoporosis is defined as a specific bone

disorder that leads to the weakening and increased fragility of bones.

Osteoporosis• With an increase in the number of

cigarettes consumption, his risk of suffering from bone fractures in old age also increases.

Osteoporosis• In addition, smokers are found to be

less physically active and generally thinner. Smoking is considered as one of the risk factors of Osteoporosis.

Heart Attack

• Smoking, is one of the main risk factors for having a heart attack.

• Smoking accelerates the process of atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries), which can lead to a heart attack.

• Smoking can also increase the risk of blood clots, which can block arteries

• Atherosclerosis is a condition where arteries become hardened and clogged

• Clogged arteries can keep the heart from getting enough blood and oxygen and can cause chest pain.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRK7-DCDKEA

• Cigarette smoking speeds up the process of atherosclerosis by damaging the cells lining the blood vessels and heart.

•Cigarette smoking can increase your risk of dangerous blood clots, both because of the atherosclerosis and also because smoking causes blood platelets to clump together.

• No matter how long you've been smoking, quitting will reduce your chances of having a heart attack.

• Even among people with heart disease, the risk also drops sharply one year after quitting smoking, and it continues to decline over time, but the risk does not return to normal.

Pneumonia

What is pneumonia?

~A serious infection of the lung tissue by one of many different micro-organisms causing an inflammation in the lungs.

- The infection causes the air sacs (alveoli) and smaller airways in your lungs to become inflamed and fill with fluid.

- You can’t get enough oxygen from the air into your blood.

- Bacteria

- Viruses

- Fungi

-Chemical exposure

- Parasites

Pneumonia can be caused by:

Pneumonia is defined by its location:

Lobar pneumonia

- inflammation affects a section, lobe part of a lung Bronchopneumonia

- a patchy infection occurring throughout the lungs.

- The term double pneumonia means both lungs are affected.

How is smoking related to Pneumonia?

~ Smoking damages your

lungs and therefore makes it

easier to get an infection

~Smokers are four times in risk

of having pneumonia

COUGHwhich is usually dry at first, later with phlegm.PHLEGM is often green-yellow in colour or rust-coloured. It is smelly. The cough worsens over time.

Symptoms of pneumonia

Other than coughing….~ Fever

~ Pain in your chest

~ Night sweats

~ Confusion

~ Breathlessness or faster breathing

~Severe shaking and chills. ~Severe chest pain or tightness in the chest. ~Loss of appetite. ~Tiredness and fatigue

~General muscle aches.

Cancers

SmokingSmoking & & CancersCancers • TarTar

causes lung cancercauses lung cancer irritates the trachea, makes it irritates the trachea, makes it

narrower.narrower. • In the trachea and bronchi of a smoker, In the trachea and bronchi of a smoker, cilia are destroyed by the chemicals in cilia are destroyed by the chemicals in

cigarette smokecigarette smoke ==>mucus is not swept away from the ==>mucus is not swept away from the

lungs, but remains to clog the air lungs, but remains to clog the air passages.passages.

carbon monoxide (inside cigarette carbon monoxide (inside cigarette smoke)smoke)

lowers the amount of oxygen in lowers the amount of oxygen in blood. blood.

Carbon dioxide combine with the Carbon dioxide combine with the hemoglobinhemoglobin

the blood carries much less oxygen the blood carries much less oxygen round the body round the body

Lungs CancerLungs Cancer

Smoking• affects the function of the immune

system • increase the risk for respiratory,

infections

SmokingSmoking & & CancersCancers

• Cigarette smoking alone is directly

responsible for approximately 30% of all

cancer deaths annually in the United States.

• Cigarette smoking also contributes to lung

disease, heart disease, strokedisease, heart disease, stroke, , and the

development of low birth weight babiesdevelopment of low birth weight babies.

SmokingSmoking & & CancersCancers

• Cigarette smoking, cigar smoking and passive smoking can all contribute to both non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer.

Smoking is Smoking is responsible for responsible for most cancers:most cancers:

• Larynx Larynx

• LipLip

• Esophagus Esophagus

• BladderBladder

• LungLung

• Oral cavityOral cavity

• TongueTongue

• MouthMouth

• ThroatThroat

• EmphysemaEmphysema

Highly associated with Highly associated with the development of the development of and deaths from:and deaths from:

• Liver cancerLiver cancer

• kidney cancerkidney cancer

• Stomach cancerStomach cancer

• Cancer of the nasal cavities Cancer of the nasal cavities

• Pancreatic cancerPancreatic cancer

• Cervical cancerCervical cancer

Staging Lung Staging Lung CancerCancer

• Cancer spread to Cancer spread to

other parts of the other parts of the

bodybody

For Example:For Example:

Lung CancerLung Cancer

• often spreads to often spreads to

the brain or bonesthe brain or bones

Ways to Prevent Ways to Prevent Lung CancerLung Cancer

1. Quit smoking NOW• Quitting smoking is the BEST defense a

gainst cancers.2. Keep away from passive smokin

g• Reduce the chance of breathing in the

smoke from cigarette smokers• Reduce the risk of getting lung cancer a

nd heart disease 3. Eat more fruits and veggies • repair damaged cells

The End