Effects of School Facilities in The

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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Ellen G. White said that the school is the place to stay next to your home but what if the

school has poor facilities? How can one stay there? Going to school in a clean and healthy school

environment is every student's right. Many students in developing countries, however, do not

have access to safe and clean sanitation facilities on school. Schools too often suffer from non-

existent or insufficient sanitation and hand-washing facilities. Schools are not safe for children

due to neglect of the operation and maintenance of facilities.

It is believed that the conduciveness of the school facilities greatly affects its students. A

research done in 2007 by the Department of Education in California demonstrated that school

facilities affect learning and health. Thus, environmental factors of schools are very important on

how the students learn effectively, on how students do their health practices and to have a good

health as well. It has been firmly established that people are influenced and affected by their

environment from the research made by Linda M. Frazier (2005) in America.

An article also released in 2010 by Microsoft Philippines states that the environment is a

primary determinant of health and environmental health hazards. Indoor and outdoor

environment in the school can affect the students health. Ramos (2010) added that the

environment is a primary determinant of health and environmental health hazards. Indoor and

outdoor environment in the school can affect the students health.

The researchers realized that the school they are studying at are having some deficiencies

in the facilities. Thats why this study was conducted for the benefit of the school- its


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administrators, faculty and staff, students and researchers as well. It was done not to enumerate

the lacks of the school but rather improve it for the sake of the health of its students.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study is to determine if there exists a relationship between the school

facilities and the way the nursing students practice good health. It merely focuses on how the

school facilities affect the health practices of the students. It aims that the people responsible for

the changes will be aware that the facilities are needed to be increased in its efficiency or to be

improved.

Significance of the Study

The study may be useful to the following:

Nursing Students. This study will help the nursing students to clearly understand on how the

school facilities affect their health practices. The study will help the researchers appreciate the

importance of these practices in relation to efficiency school facilities, therefore, enabling the

researchers to provide proper health teaching to the students, thereby, enhancing the students

knowledge regarding the relationship of facilities and health, and for the students to know the

interventions and alternative measures in practicing good health.


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School Administration. The result of the study will enable the school administration to identify

the needs of the students, with regards to the health practices, enabling the school administration

to revise a plan towards proper modification.

Faculty and Academe. The result of this study will provide information regarding a real picture

of the situation of a school that can help the faculty and the academe in the provision of new

ideas regarding health practices. The study will also give the faculty and academe a concrete

example of the relationship between the school facilities and the health of a person that can be a

basis for the enhancement of the clinical teaching regarding health and environment.

Statement of the Problem

This study intends to determine the effects of school facilities in the health practices of

students in Manila Adventist Colleges (MAC). Furthermore, the researchers endeavour to

identify and evaluate the facilities that need improvements that may contribute to the health

practices.

Specifically, the researchers vividly hope to find answers to the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondent based on:

a. Age?

b. Gender?

c. Year level?

2. Do the students able to do their health practices with regard to the school facilities interms of:

a. toilet facilities?

b. garbage disposal?


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c. drinking fountain?

d. classroom condition?

e. cafeteria food?

3. Are the school facilities efficient for maintaining the health practices of students?

4. What are the effects of school facilities in health practices of students?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the school facilities and the health practices ofthe students?

Null Hypothesis

There is significant relationship between the school facilities of MAC and the health

practices of the students.

Scope and Limitations

The study aims to assess the effects of school facilities in the health practices. School

facilities are limited to toilet facilities, garbage disposal, drinking fountain, classroom condition


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and food and eating habits. The study will be held at Manila Adventist and Colleges, College of

Nursing. The study will start on April to May 2011.

The target populations are BSN students of juniors and seniors. The researchers willrandomly select forty (40) students from third year and another forty (40) students from fourth

year level. Hence, the total sample is eighty (80).

Operational Definition of Terms

College of Nursing. It pertains to college where the respondents belong.

Environment. It pertains to school atmosphere of the nursing students.

Health Practices- Practices of students to maintain their health.

Nursing Students. This refers to the students taking up Bachelor of Science in Nursing at

Manila Adventist College.

Practice. An act or an exercise that an individual does.


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School Environmental Health Factors. This focuses on the toilet facilities, garbage disposal

system, water supply, classroom conditions, ventilation, and food sanitation in the schoolenvironment.

School Facilities. It pertains to the provision of amenities of the school that satisfy the needs of

nursing students.

School Administrators. This refers to the governing body of the Manila Adventist College.


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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the review of related literature and studies both foreign and local

which are relevant to the study being done. It is also through these literatures and past studies

that the researchers got the insight and inspiration to pursue this research. Before embarking on

the conduction of this study, inquiries were made to see if there were any other studies that

contain any similarities to the present study.

Global Literature and Studies


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Health was traditionally defined in terms of presence or absence of a disease. In 1948,

World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as a state of complete physical, mental, and

social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Though Health itself is a

highly individual perception, one can say that it is necessary to promote it in any circumstances.

The school is the best place to advertise it next to our homes.

A research made by Linda M. Frazier (2005) reported that in many American schools,

students and teachers find themselves in a physical environment that adversely affects their

morale, and, in some cases, their health. It has been firmly established that people are influenced

and affected by their environment. Deferred maintenance can create an environment of peeling

paint, crumbling plaster, non-functioning toilets, poor lighting, inadequate ventilation, and

inoperative heating and cooling systems. This, of course, affects both the health and the morale

of staff and students. She also included in her research though not rigorously studied, the

relationship between student achievement and building facilities.

Anderson (2006) released an article regarding Effective School Health Promotion-Towards Health Promoting Schools. The Health Promoting Schools Working Party was

established to assess the most effective ways to create healthy environments in schools. The

concept of linking 'health promotion' and 'environment' has emerged over the past two decades.

It is now widely recognised that the health status of individuals and populations is greatly

influenced by the economic, social and physical environments in which they live, work and play.

A research done by Moore, et al. (2007) for the Department of Education in California

demonstrated that school facilities affect learning and health.Research tells that school facilities

affect learning through the following: 1.) Facility conditions: Indoor air quality, thermal comfort,

acoustics, lighting, and maintenance; 2.) Facility design: Building size, day lighting, specialty

spaces, common areas, relationship of spaces to each other, aesthetic, environmental quality; 3.)


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Facility utilization: Crowding, community access, joint and shared use. A review of 167

literature sources indicated clear evidence that improving poor school environments have

significant impacts.

Jackson (2010) from the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States of

America (USA) launched Indoor Air Quality Tools (IAQ) for SchoolsProgram. The IAQToolsfor Schools Program is a comprehensive resource to help schools maintain a healthy

environment in school buildings by identifying, correcting, and preventing IAQ problems.

According to their study, poor indoor air quality can impact the comfort and health of students

and staff, which, in turn, can affect concentration, attendance, and student performance. In

addition, if schools fail to respond promptly to poor IAQ, students and staff are at an increased

risk of short-term health problems, such as fatigue and nausea, as well as long-term problems

like asthma.

The study also revealed that exposure to indoor pollutants and inadequate management of

indoor temperature and relative humidity can affect student, teacher, and staff health and

performance. Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) can cause illnesses requiring school absences and can

cause acute health symptoms that decrease performance while at school. Statistics also

demonstrated that poor IAQ can reduce a persons ability to perform specific mental tasks

requiring concentration, calculation, or memory. Research suggests that students cannot

concentrate as well, and report more health symptoms, in classrooms with low ventilation rates.

Low ventilation rates can be a sign of high indoor pollutant levels because adequate ventilation is

required to remove pollutants from indoor environments. In other studies, people experienced

decreased performance in arithmetic, logical reasoning, memory, and creative thinking tasks

when exposed to a pollutant source. They also reported more headaches during tasks requiring

concentration, suggesting that part of the effect on performance is from pollution-related adverse

health symptoms.

Lochner (2010) from the American Public Health Association (APHA) recognized the

importance of including all children in all environmental policy-making and the need to support

global and local policies that promote healthy environments for them that prevent exposures to

environmental hazards. They have noted that schools are purchasers of a wide array of hazardous


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cleaning and instructional supplies that can contribute to indoor pollution affecting health.

Therefore, the APHA proposed that every child and school employee should have a right to an

environmentally safe and healthy school that is clean and in good repair and that federal, state,

and local entities must work together to use resources effectively and efficiently to address

school sitting, construction, maintenance, and other practices to ensure the provision of an

environmentally safe and healthy school. APHA also support the program School

Environmental Protection Act (SEPA) that would require schools to follow least-toxic pesticide

practices and provide prior notice to parents and personnel of certain pesticide applications, and

as appropriate, supports other federal legislation designed to promote environmentally

responsible purchasing by schools.

Environmental Condition. Environmental health is a branch of public health that deals with the

study of preventing illnesses by managing the environment and changing peoples behavior to

reduce exposure to biological and non-biological agents of disease and injury. This involves

environmental sanitation that is defined as the study of all factors in mans physical environment,

which may exercise a deleterious effect on his health well-being survival. This includes: water

sanitation, food sanitation, refuse and garbage disposal, excreta disposal, insect vector and rodent

control, housing, air pollution, noise, radiological protection, institutional sanitation, and stream

pollution.Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Schools. UNICEF (2009) mentioned that factors related to

water, sanitation and hygiene affect childrens right to education in many ways. In an atmosphere

of poor health, children are unable to fulfil their education potential.

Schools partly determine children's health and well-being by providing a healthy or

unhealthy environment. Although water and sanitation facilities in schools are increasingly

recognized as fundamental for promoting good hygiene behaviour and children's well-being,many schools have very poor facilities. Conditions vary from inappropriate and inadequate

sanitary facilities to the outright lack of latrines and safe water for drinking and hygiene. This

situation contributes to absenteeism and the high drop-out rates of girls. Schools can also be a

key factor for initiating change by helping to develop useful life skills on health and hygiene.

New hygiene behaviour learned at school can lead to life-long positive habits. Teachers can


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function as role models new hygiene behaviour learned at school can lead to life-long positive

habits not only for the children but also within the community.

Local Literature and Studies

Formoso (2006) conducted a study for Microsoft Philippines; she concluded that there are

a number of factors that work against students acquiring a good education: poor health, lack of

school facilities, lack of an adequate supply of books and other quality learning materials. They

have recognized that in order to concentrate in their classes, children need to be healthy and need

to have school facilities that are conducive to learning. The ability of students to cope with the

demands of school depends to a significant degree on their health status. The state of a school's

facilities affects the children's learning capability, particularly the water supply system,

classroom ventilation, and classroom lighting. These also need to be in good status for optimumlearning conditions.

In 2009, a research entitled Review and Enhancement of the School Construction

Guidelines/ Educational Status of the Philippines was started by Nestor Arabejo for the

Department of Education. The following were the data gathered during the study.

Thermal Comfort.Natural ventilation should be preferred. Active solutions such as electric fans

or air-conditioning should only be a back-up solution. Specify minimum and maximum indoor

temperature range and specify minimum and maximum humidity range for thermal comfort.

Visual Comfort.Natural day lighting should be preferred. Artificial day lighting is only a back-

up for cloudy or overcast sky conditions.


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Location/Environment. Natural Habitat. Protect and restore existing ecosystem in the school

site. Do not build on sites where itis an established habitat for endangered species.

In supplement for this research, Mijares (2010) released an article in the Bacolod City

National High School Journal that states, Without water available for flushing, wastes are often

left stinking in the toilet bowl, leaving students holding every inch of their breath. How will the

students be affected by this filth? Diseases are definitely the taxes of pleasure. The neglect of the

ongoing problem on comfort rooms would undoubtedly affect the health of the students. In an

environment where everything is left dirty, microorganisms would never refuse to dwell.

Considering the fact that not all students in the campus are nutritionally shielded from diseases,

doesnt the dilemma scream for an immediate solution? Recently, dengue cases are on the rise

and many pupils have been victims, damaging both their vigour and mental acuity. How can

someone expect too much from their skills, when their physical needs are not much given

consideration? All comes down to that. The CR is promptly shouting for maintenancefor

repair. Leave it that way and the consequences are obvious. All it needs is actionaction that

will change what began and what is to follow. Wanting the school to be uplifted in glory, it has

to be given a proper measure of glory. It doesnt take a lot of muscle to give the heart a lift.

Ramos (2010) added that the environment is a primary determinant of health and

environmental health hazards. Indoor and outdoor environment in the school can affect the

students health. Children spend their time in many different settings, at home, in early learning

and child care facilities, outdoors in their communities and in the school environment.

In response to a growing awareness of the need to enhance occupational and

environmental health content, nurses have great responsibility of preventing the students from

having health problems.


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Synthesis

Everywhere in the world, may it be International or Local it is now widely recognized that

the health status of individuals and populations is greatly influenced by the economic, social and

physical environments in which they live, work, play and learn.

It is the same as the schools; its facilities greatly influence the health of its students and the other

people around it as well. These literatures clearly cited that the environment we have greatly

influences our health as a whole.

Many researches were done and revealed the effects of school facilities not only in the

learning of the students but also in their health. There are a lot of factors such as water supply

system, classroom ventilation, and classroom condition that interferes with the students learning

capability and health. A lot of problems can arise once the schools facilities do not meet the

needs of its students. Some of this even causes absences of students that can affect their grades.

School facilities should not be ignored by the administration and must be improved in every way

since the school is a place where health should be promoted to each of its students.

The researchers use the school facilities to assess whether they help in the promotion of

health among nursing student. Unlike the other studies, the researchers study focuses on the

combination and the relationship of students health promotion and school facilities in achieving

optimum health. The researchers study is unique in terms of its approach on the specificity of

the school facilities and health promotion. The researchers deal with the most basic approach in

determining whether the school facilities affect the students health promotion.


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Theoretical Framework

Florence Nightingale defined nursing as the act of utilizing the environment of the

patient to assist him in his recovery. And with these words, she linked health with five

environmental factors namely: 1) pure or fresh air, 2) pure water, 3) efficient drainage, 4)

cleanliness, and 5) light. According to Nightingale, once any of these factors had deficiency it

may result to lack of health or illness.

This study falls under Nightingales Environmental theory which clearly defines the

connection between health and the environment. Since the environment affects the health of the

students, it is merely reliable that we should consider this theory in relation with this research.

The environment in which the respondents move in inside the school influence their

health practices which in return may produce either positive or negative effects. This theorys

concepts about ventilation, cleanliness, diet and warmth reflects the schools facilities which the

researchers wish to consider.

RESEARCH PARADIGM

School Facilities

a. Toilet facilities

b. Garbage disposal

c. Drinking fountain

d. Classroom condition

e. Cafeteria food


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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the method of research used, respondents to the study, research

tools and instruments, procedure followed and the statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The researcher used in this study is non-experimental descriptive design. In this study,

the researchers would like to determine the efficiency of school facilities that affect nursing

students in the promotion of health.


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Population and Sample

The total number of Nursing students in MAC is ----. The researchers chose eighty (80) students

as sample, forty (40) from third year and forty (40) from fourth year.

Instrumentation

In order to gather the essential data, the researchers constructed a questionnaire as an

instrument for this research. The instrument used is a self-constructed questionnaire. The

formulation of the structures questionnaire (Appendix B) was based on the objectives of the

study.

The two-page questionnaire contained two (2) categories. The first part of the

questionnaire contained the respondents demographic profile. It covered the age, gender and

year level. The second part consisted of the effects of school facilities in the health practices of

students, divided into five (5) terms such as toilet facilities, garbage disposal, drinking fountain,

and cafeteria foods.

After doing the pilot study given to twenty (20) respondents, the statistician tested the

reliability of the study. The reliability coefficient of the instrument is .8445. The researchers thenproceeded to the final data gathering.


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Data Gathering Procedure

For the pilot study, the researchers submitted a letter to the Dean of MAC to secure

permission to distribute questionnaires to junior and senior nursing students of MAC. A letter

also was provided for the CON.

During the actual study, the researchers conduct their survey during the free time of

students.

The collection was done from April 2011 to May 2011. The collected data were recorded,

tabulated, computed and analysed for transparency.

Statistical Treatment

Pearsons r- the Pearson Product Moment Correlation, or Pearson r for short, allows

you to determine if two sets of observations, on a single randomly selected sample, are co-related

(correlated) with each other such that high and low values on the other or vice versa. The

Pearson r calculates the degree of linear association (correlation) between the variables on a scale

from 1.00 to + 1.00. To use the Pearson r, the variables being measured must not depart

significantly from normality, they must be measured at the interval or ration level, the variation


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CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1A. Age of the Respondents

Frequency Percent

Valid

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

18 and below 25 31.2 31.2 31.2

above 18 55 68.8 68.8 100.0


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Frequency Percent

Valid

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

18 and below 25 31.2 31.2 31.2

above 18 55 68.8 68.8 100.0

Total 80 100.0 100.0

Analysis:

Table 1A is the distribution of age of the respondents. It shows that out of 80

respondents, 31.2% are 18 and below while 68.8% are above 18 years old.

Interpretation:

The table above shows that majority of respondents of this study are above 18 years old

while the minority are 18 years old and below. This is because the respondents are senior and

junior students whose age ranges from 18-19 and above.

Table 1B. Gender of the Respondents


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Frequency Percent

Valid

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Female 54 67.5 67.5 67.5

Male 26 32.5 32.5 100.0

Total 80 100.0 100.0

Analysis:

This table shows the gender of the respondents for this study. It demonstrates that out of

80 respondents, 67.5% are female while 32.5% are male.

Interpretation:

Shown above is the profile of respondents in terms of gender. It plainly shows that more

females have attended to the survey questionnaire than the males which indicate that the majority

of the junior and senior respondents of this study were mostly feminine. More females had

attended to the research since the scope and limitation of this study is limited to the nursing

students in which the majority are female. In an article released in September 2010, it stated that

All educational materials were oriented to the female gender. Open discrimination against men

is fast disappearing from schools of nursing but remains imbedded in the school fabric. A survey

stated that roughly 13% of students enrolled in nursing schools are men.

Table 1C. Year Level of the Respondents


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Frequency Percent

Valid

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Third Year 40 50.0 50.0 50.0

Fourth Year 40 50.0 50.0 100.0

Total 80 100.0 100.0

Analysis:

Table 1C illustrates the year level of this studys respondents. It explains that out of 80

respondents, 50% are third year students while the remaining 50% are fourth year students.

Interpretation:

This table presents the profile of the respondents in terms of year level. It shows that the

survey questionnaire was equally divided into two among the third year and fourth year students

of MAC.

Table 2A. Descriptive Statistics of Toilet Practice of the Respondents

N Minimum Maximum Mean

Std.

Deviation

Interpretation


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I flush the toilet after

using.80 2 5 4.58 .632

Strongly

agree

I use dipper since there

is no available toilet

flush.

80 1 5 3.79 1.240

Agree

I wash my hands using

available soap and

water.

80 1 5 3.84 1.195

Agree

I use hand sanitizer

because there is no

available soap and

water.

80 1 5 4.14 1.088

agree

Analysis:

Table 2A Descriptive statistics of toilet practice of the respondents. Respondents are

strongly agree that they flush the toilet after using with a mean of 4.58 and they agree on the

following; they use dipper when there is no available flush, wash hands using available soap and

water and on they use hand sanitizer because there is no available soap and water with a mean

value between 3.40 to 4.19.

Interpretation:

Students are taught by their parents at home of how important health is. They are being

educated on how to make themselves healthy and get rid of diseases by proper health practices.


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Some of the good health practices are flushing the toilet and hand washing, in which study shows

that they strongly agree of this practice, meaning they are all health conscious.

Because of proper education, students still find ways to continue their practice by

looking for alternatives such as dipper to flush the toilet whenever toilet flush is under repair,

and using sanitizers whenever soaps are not available or lack of supply.

In the article, Toilets are an important part of achieving good sanitation, but without

proper public understanding about why sanitation matters, and what is necessary to achieve good

sanitation, toilets are not enough to break the cycle of disease. Good sanitation is achieved when

everyone in a community understands the health importance of safe excreta disposal, and takes

the necessary practical steps and other alternatives to promote good personal hygiene and public

health. This includes access to, and consistent use of a safe and hygienic toilet.

Table 2B. Descriptive Statistics of Throwing Garbage Practice of the Respondents


Std.

Deviation

Interpretation

I dispose my garbageproperly in the available

trash bin.

80 1 5 4.40 .908Stronglyagree

I place my garbage on

my bag because there is

no available trash bin.

80 1 5 3.51 1.253

Fairly agree

I throw my garbage

anywhere.80 1 5 2.14 1.290

Disagree

Analysis:


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Table 2B is the descriptive statistics of throwing garbage practice of the respondents. It

shows that respondents strongly agree that they throw garbage properly in the available trash bin

with a mean of 4.40. Respondents fairly agree that they place their garbage on their bag in case

there is no available trash bin with a mean of 3.51. Whereas, respondents disagree that they

throw garbage anywhere with a mean of 2.14.

Interpretation:

Students strongly agreed of proper disposal of garbage in the available trash bin because

they believed that whenever garbage is thrown improperly, this may cause blockage to some

corners of the school and may lead to floods. Microorganisms may live to all the scattered

garbage that may be a carrier of diseases that students may acquire.

Garbage is not thrown anywhere according to students and only a few of them agreed that

they place their garbage on their bags whenever trash bins are not available, this means that they

really look for available trash bins provided by the school to properly dispose garbage.

As what says in the article Help Save Mother Earth, proper garbage and trash

collection are beneficial to the community. It discards health hazards. The cleanliness of the

surrounding prevents spread of diseases. More garbage collecting businesses are needed to keep

the community sanitized and clean. They do not only prevent pollution, they make the

surrounding free from disease carrying virus and bacteria.

http://www.abcarticledirectory.com/Article/Help-Save-Mother-Earth---Throw-Your-Garbage-

Properly/921979

Table 2C. Descriptive Statistics of Drinking Water Practice of the Respondents


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Std.

Deviation

Interpretation

I drink water on the

available purified water

fountain.

80 1 5 3.17 1.348

Fairly agree

I am sure that the water

on the drinking fountain

is safe.

80 1 5 2.90 1.279

Fairly agree

I drink 8-10 glasses of

water a day.80 1 5 3.49 1.191

Agree

Analysis:

Table 2C is the descriptive statistics of drinking water practice of the respondents. It

shows that the respondents fairly agree that they drink on the available purified water fountain

with a mean of 3.17. Respondents fairly agree that they are sure the water on the drinking

fountain is safe with a mean of 2.90. Whereas, respondents agree that they drink 8-10 glasses of

water a day with a mean of 3.49.

Interpretation:

Water is important for students to be rehydrated in school. Eight to ten glasses of

water is the suggested amount of water that an individual must drink in which the respondents

strongly agreed. But according to the result of the study, students failed to meet these needs

because drinking fountains may not be adequately supplied by the school, another reason is that

they lack trust on the safety of water supply.


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One way of solving this problem is by providing adequate and safe water source by

means of purified water fountain.

Based on http://www.ehow.com/facts_7480167_drinking-fountain-safety.html A lack ofdrinking fountain cleanliness is a concern because it can lead to disease, including influenza and

bacterial infections. Because of this threat, efforts should be made to keep drinking fountains

clean, thus reducing the risk of infection.

To remain healthy we need to take in enough to replace the amount we lose daily through

exertion, perspiration and other bodily function, but that amount can vary widely from person to

person, based upon variety of factors such as age, physical condition, activity level, and climate.

The 8-10 glasses of water per day is a rule of thumb, not an absolute minimum, and not all of

our water intake need come in the form of drinking water.

http://www.snopes.com/medical/myths/8glasses.asp

Table 2D. Descriptive Statistics of Toilet Practice of the Respondents


Std.

Deviation

Interpretation

I eat foods from the

cafeteria.80 1 5 4.10 .976

Agree

I find the foods in the

cafeteria safe to eat.80 2 5 4.30 .770

Strongly

agree

I cook my own food. 80 1 5 3.05 1.431 Fairly agree
http://www.ehow.com/facts_7480167_drinking-fountain-safety.htmlhttp://www.snopes.com/medical/myths/8glasses.asphttp://www.snopes.com/medical/myths/8glasses.asphttp://www.ehow.com/facts_7480167_drinking-fountain-safety.html


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Analysis:

Table 2D descriptive statistics of toilet practice of the respondents. It shows that the

respondents agree that they eat foods from the cafeteria with a mean of 4.10. Respondentsstrongly agree that they find the foods in the cafeteria are safe to eat with a mean of 4.30.

Whereas, respondents fairly agree that they cook their own food with a mean of 3.05

Interpretation:

Being a healthy wellbeing is vital to every individual, to achieve this; adequate nutritional

foods must be consumed. This equips their body to do their daily activities.

Few of the respondents cook food for themselves maybe due to being busy from school,

but because they aware that they have to consume adequate foods to sustain their nutritional

needs, they eat in school cafeteria. They continuously eat in the cafeteria rather than cook foods

for themselves because they trust the safety and cleanliness of the foods being served.

Based on http://www.livestrong.com/article/81934-eat-college-cafeteria/ College is a

period of adjustment -- new friends, a packed courseload and lifestyle changes. Food habits vary

during college; classes interfere with mealtimes, home-cooked meals are a distant memory, and

there is unparalleled access to unhealthy (yet tasty) food choices. Step into a college cafeteria

and witness the variety of food options and frequently unregulated portions. Cafeteria eating

does not have to mean weight gain. You can maintain a healthy diet throughout college if you

learn about the school's food choices; educate yourself about healthy eating habits and practice

portion control and moderation.

Facilities

Table 3A. Descriptive Statistics on Toilet Facilities of the Respondents
http://www.livestrong.com/article/81934-eat-college-cafeteria/http://www.livestrong.com/article/81934-eat-college-cafeteria/


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experts say this basic hygiene practice after a pee or poo can keep one away from several

diseases, diarrhea and worm infections being among the most common and fatal. Also, studies

have found that human feces are the primary sources of diarrheal pathogens. Therefore, water

should always be available for flushing the toilet in order for safety and satisfaction of the next

user.

Valderama, T., Toilet Trouble. Retrieved from: http://pcij.org/stories/toilet-trouble/

Table 3B. Descriptive Statistics on Garbage Disposal Facilities of the Respondents


Std.

Deviation

Interpretation

There is an available

trash bin within the

campus.

80 1 5 4.18 .911

Agree

Analysis:

Table 3B is the descriptive statistics on garbage disposal facilities of the respondents and

with a mean of 4.18, the respondents agree that there are available trash bins within the campus.

Interpretation:

The respondents agreed that there is available trash bins within the campus. This may

mean that there is unstable provision of trash bins and still needs an improvement so that

students will be able to segregate garbage properly. Because when these are always available,

students will be encouraged to proper segregate the garbage. Through this, diseases will be

prevented and health practices will be effective.


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One should always get the habit of throwing their trash in the proper respective

bins. But one could not throw their trash properly if there are no trash bins within the campus.

This is the first step in helping save mother Earth, by simply throwing our trash properly. The

school is currently practicing the proper waste segregation in order to preserve and save mother

Earth. By having different trash bins like the biodegradable, non-biodegradable and infectious

bins, we can easily segregate and reduce the trash of our school.

http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Help-Save-Mother-Earth---Throw-Your-Garbage-

Properly/1277602

Table 3C. Descriptive Statistics on Drinking Water Facilities of the Respondents


Std.

Deviation

Interpretation

There is an available

water fountain around

the campus.

80 1 5 3.02 1.263

Fairly agree

Analysis:

In table 3C, the descriptive statistics on drinking water facilities of the respondents, with

a mean of 3.02, the respondents fairly agree that there is an available water fountain within the

campus.

Interpretation:

Students fairly agreed that drinking fountains are available within the campus. This

means that there is still unstable provision regarding this facility. They can see drinking fountain


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but very limited and usually they are placed very far from where students usually go within the

campus and sometimes these are seen dirty which leads to students to doubt its safety.

Drinking fountains are essential in every school. Every school must be able to providetheir students with safe drinking water for it is a vital in our everyday life. Water is very

important in our daily lives. One is already on the process of making ones self healthy by just

drinking 8-10 glasses of water a day. Water is the universal solvent and it can help in flushing

and absorbing the toxins in our body. Dr. Donald Robertson says the body will not function

properly without enough water and discusses the importance of drinking plenty of water for

permanent weight loss: "Drinking enough water is the best treatment for fluid retention; the

overweight person needs more water than the thin one; water helps to maintain proper muscle

tone; water can help relieve constipation; drinking water is essential to weight loss .

http://www.aomega.com/mpure/water.htm

Table 3D. Descriptive Statistics on Food and Eating Facilities of the Respondents


Std.

Deviation

Interpretation

There are available

healthy foods in the

cafeteria.

80 1 5 4.43 .792

Strongly

agree

Analysis

Table 3D shows the descriptive statistics on food and eating facilities of the respondents

where the respondents strongly agree that the food served in the cafeteria are healthy and has a

mean of 4.43.


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Interpretation:

The cafeteria in MAMC offers a wide variety of food that is healthy and nutritious

because they only serve vegetables, tofu and vegiemeat. As an Adventist institution, the cafeteriapromotes a Vegan diet because of certain beliefs and principles of the Adventist faith. Also, they

believe that by being a vegetarian, one can be holistically healthy.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/vegetariandiet.html

Table 4A. Correlation of Toilet Facilities and Toilet Practice of the Respondents

Toilet

Facilities Interpretation

Toilet Practice

Mean

Pearson

Correlation.311

**

Significant

Sig. (2-tailed) .005

N 80

Analysis:

Table 4A is the correlation between school toilet facilities and toilet practice of the

respondents. It shows that there is a significant relationship between them with a correlation

coefficient of 0.311 and a p-value of 0.005. Results suggest that the better the toilet facilities the

better the toilet practice of the respondents.

Interpretation:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/vegetariandiet.htmlhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/vegetariandiet.html


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School must provide adequate toilet facilities for the students, by this, students will

continue to apply their knowledge how to prevent diseases by flushing toilet with the available

water and soap for handwashing.

According to Sue Vernon(2002), if schools were treated as workplaces for students and

equivalent standards were applied, school toilets would be significantly improved. Every school

should have available water for flush. It is because the better the toilet facilities the better the

toilet practice of the students.

A flush toilet is a toilet that disposes of human waste by using water to flush it through a

drainpipe to another location. If the school has better toilet facilities, the students tend to practice

properly. It is likely that when toilets are in a poor state and in need of refurbishment and more

frequent cleaning that the toilets will attract poor behavior

Table 4B. Correlation of Garbage Disposal Facilities and Garbage Disposal Practice of the

Respondents

There is an

available

trash bin

within the

campus. Interpretation

Garbage Disposal

Practice Mean

Pearson

Correlation.240

*

SignificantSig. (2-tailed) .032

N 80

Analysis:


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Interpretation is the same as interpretation of table 4A that there is significant relationship

between garbage disposal practice and availability of trash bin with a coefficient value of 0.240

and p-value of 0.032. This suggest that availability of trash bin is related to better disposal

practice of the respondent.

Interpretation:

Trash bins must always be available within the campus, these allow the students to

continue the practices of proper segregation of garbage. The more the trash bins are found, the

lesser the garbage will scatter around that may cause microorganism to live, that carries diseases

and contribute to flood. Another reason for this, some students that are unaware regarding

garbage disposable will be encouraged to do proper disposal.

According to Lackney (2005. School is one such public place where lot of biodegradable

waste is generated and which can be disposed off effectively by proper enforcement alone. To

implement proper segregation and disposal of garbage, schools should have available trash bin

around the campus. It is a container for temporarily storing waste, and is usually made out of

metal or plastic.

Properly disposing of waste is not just a personal responsibility according to Lewis (2000). It is under Environmental Protection Agency, which enforces and regulates most of the

law related to waste disposal, that every school should have garbage bin around the campus.

Thats why if there are available trash bins around the campus, students are oblige to throw their

wastes there.

Table 4C. Correlation of Drinking Water Facilities and Drinking Water Practice of the

Respondents


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There is an

available

waterfountain

around the

campus. interpretation

Drinking Water

Practice Mean

Pearson

Correlation.486

**


N 80

Interpretation:

There is a significant relationship between drinking water practice and availability of fountain

around the campus with a coefficient value of 0.486 and p-value of 0.000. This suggests that

drinking fountain must be readily available within the campus to help maintain drinking habits.

Analysis:

According to the article Water to Rehydrate students do not drink enough during the

school day - and the resulting dehydration contributes to continence problems. It has been

noticed that one of the factors that affect the encouragement for students to drink is that drinking

fountains are obviously seen unsafe due to its improper placement and the worse is that, no

drinking fountains are seen within the campus.

One important part of treating these problems is a provision of adequate drinking water

facilities to help students be hydrated and take the required fluid intake.


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If these facilities are seen safe and readily available within the campus, they are also

encouraged to try drinking on it until they found out that they maintain themselves hydrated by

frequent using of facilities.

http://watertherapy.com/article/art2.html

Table 4D. Correlation of Food and Eating Facilities and Practice of the Respondents

Correlations

There are

available

healthy foods

in the cafeteria. Interpretation

Food and Eating Practice

Mean

Pearson Correlation .557**


N 80

Interpretation:

Table 4C shows that there is a significant relationship between food and eating practice and

availability of food in the cafeteria with a coefficient value of 0.557 and p-value of 0.000. This

table suggests that healthy foods must be readily available in the cafeteria.

Analysis:

According to the article students in school, students consume a large portion of their

daily food intake at school, the school food environment can have an important influence on their


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diets of foods and beverages provided through school breakfast, lunch, and afterschool, snack

programs must meet certain nutritional requirements to receive federal reimbursement.

This is to emphasize that students do not usually eat breakfast at home due to early time

of class. In order to still meet their nutritional status, healthy and safe foods must be prepared by

school cafeteria to prevent them from starving or skipping meals.


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CHAPTER V

SUMMARY

Findings:

The following results were acquired based on the questions from the statement of the

problem,

The distribution of age of the respondents shows that out of 80 respondents, 31.2% are 18

and below while 68.8% are above 18 years old. It consists of 67.5 % female and 32.5 % male.

The total population of nursing students in MAC is 210. The researchers just got equal

population of fifty percent from third year and fourth year level with the total of 80 students.

These highlights explained that the respondents were female and males ages 18 and

above, and their college level.

There are different effects of school facilities in the health practices of students: toilet

flushing, hand washing, garbage disposal, drinking water and food and eating habits.

There is significant relationship between the school facilities of MAC and the health

practices of the students. The results show that the students are able to practice their health

practices though the school facilities are not sufficient. There is an available trash bin, available

water fountain around the campus and available healthy foods in the cafeteria however, they are

not adequate because the students are still making an alternative maintain their health practices.

Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis.

The researchers recommend that the school administrators and students must be aware of

the importance of the health so that proper supplies and maintenance may be provided and the

students may be able to apply or practice their knowledge regarding health through these

facilities.


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Conclusion

Manila Adventist Colleges facility does not merely affect the health practices of its junior and

senior students. Though some deficiencies such as availability of soap and water for the comfort rooms

are present, this does not hinder them to not meet the needs for their health.

This just proves that MAC students are health conscious and cannot be easily affected by the

several flaws on availability of water and soap on comfort rooms, garbage disposal, drinking water and

food from the cafeteria. In one way, the researchers may say that the knowledge being shared by the

faculty to their students to value health as a whole is practiced by mostly of its students.

Recommendation

School is the second home of students. This means that how they are treated at home

should be the same with how they are treated in school. And what they have learned and

practiced at home is the same that they will be having in school.

One of the things that students are concerned with, is the practice of health. Health is

practice is the process of enabling people to exert control over the determinants of health and

thereby improve their health.

School plays a major role in providing the needs of the students especially when itcomes to health practice. This can be in the form of education and providing necessary

materials or facilities.

These two must work hand in hand because when one failed, the efficiency of health

practices will be affected.

Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations are

given.

Students

Students have the right to become physically healthy, in order to achieve this; they are

responsible to take good care of themselves. One of a lot of ways to become healthy is availing

the facilities rendered by the school.


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They must be aware of the school facilities that are being rendered and to evaluate and

report to the school administrators or persons in charge about the efficiency or complaints in

the school facilities and how they are being affected by it.

It is also recommended that they should take good care of the facilities they are using,

as courtesy to other students who also have the right to avail. This is to maintain the efficiency

of these facilities and also to decrease the risk of some students to think of some negative

impression in these facilities.

School Administration

School facilities are provided for the students to enhance the learning and continue

their health practices.

The researchers recommend to the school administrators to review the necessaryfacilities that a school should have, look closely to attitudes of the students toward the facilities

the needs of students and the factors that hinders the students to take use of the facilities

provided, by this, they are able to plan for the provision of facilities that a school must have or

the things they are lacking, so they are able to develop more and come up of ideas that may

encourage more the students for continuous health practices.

They may also conduct discussion for the students about the importance of health

practices with the use of the facilities they are providing for them.

It is also recommended to have a weekly inspection to each facility or assign people towatch on it so that anything that may needs repair, development and providing supplies shall

be given.

Supplies such as soaps and sanitizers must always be available in every comfort rooms.

Trash bins and drinking fountains must be placed on areas where most students are, to provide

convenience to them.

Future researchers

Continuous participation in research is the key to identify the effects of school facilitiesin the health practices of students because the researchers believed that results of its effects

varies in the students from time to time. This is also to further know he needs of development

of facilities that may increase the practice of students to make themselves healthy.


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APPENDIX A

CORRESPONDENTS

April 21, 2011

Dr. Ofelia M. Osorio, RN,MSN,Dr. P.H

Dean College of Nursing

Manila Adventist Medical Center and colleges, Inc.

Dear Madam

As a fulfillment for the requirements of the subject, Introduction to Nursing Research, we would

like to conduct a study on the Effects of School Facilities in the Health Practices ofStudents.

In connection with this, may we therefore ask permission from your good office to conduct our

study here in Manila Adventist Medical Center and colleges.

We highly appreciate your kind consideration and assistance in our pursuit of this study.

Respectfully yours,

Galanza, Frances Ann I. Lego, Renalyn T. Macaraeg, mara Dianne

Malimban, Vina Marie R. Padilla, Rissian Joy M. Sardea, Marjeannette S.

Noted by:

Mrs. Janet Faigao,RN

Thesis adviseR


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April 21, 2011

Mrs. Janet Faigao, RN

Level IV Chairman

Manila Adventist Medical Center and Colleges, Inc.

Dear Madam

As a fulfillment for the requirements of the subject, Introduction to Nursing Research, we would

like to conduct a study on the Effects of School Facilities in the Health Practices of Students.

In connection with this, may we therefore ask permission from your good office to conduct our

study here in Manila Adventist Medical Center and colleges.

We highly appreciate your kind consideration and assistance in our pursuit of this study.

Respectfully Yours,

Galanza, Frances Ann I. Lego, Renalyn T. Macaraeg,mara Dianne

Malimban, Vina Marie R. Padilla, Rissian Joy M. Sardea, Marjeannette


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APPENDIX B

SURVEY QUESTIONAIRE

Dear Respondents,

The undersigned senior students of Manila Adventist Colleges are currently working on a

research study entitled EFFICIENCY OF SCHOOL FACILITIES IN THE PROMOTION

OF HEALTH AMONG NURSING STUDENTS AT MANILA ADVENTIST COLLEGES

as a partial fulfillment of the requirements in the subject Introduction to Nursing Research.

In view of this, the undersigned are requesting for your full support and cooperation in

answering the enclosed questionnaire. Rest assured that your answers would be treated with

utmost confidentiality.

Thank you and God bless!

Respectfully,

The Researchers

Galanza, Frances Ann Malimban, Vina-Marie

Lego, Rena Lyn Padilla, Rissian Joy

Macaraeg, Mara Dianne Sardea, Marjeannette

Instruction: Put a check mark on the appropriate box on how often you practice the following

activities.

Response Numerical Value

Always 4 (8 - 10 out of 10 situations)

Frequent 3 (47 out of 10 situations)

Seldom 2 (13 out of 10 situations)


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Never 1 (never)

4 3 2 1

(Toilet Facilities)

Flushing

1. I flush the toilet because theres an available toilet flush.

2. I do not flush the toilet even if theres an available toilet flush.

3. I do not flush the toilet because theres no available toilet flush.

4. I flush the toilet using dipper since theres no available toilet flush.

Hand washing

1. I wash my hands using available soap and water

2. I do not wash my hands even if there are available soap and water

3. I do not wash my hands because there are no available soap and water

4. I use sanitizer because theres no available soap and water.

(Refuse Disposal)


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Waste Segregation

1. I dispose my garbage properly because theres an available non-biodegradable and biodegradable disposal.

2. I do not dispose my garbage properly even theres an available non-

biodegradable and biodegradable disposal.

3. I do not dispose my garbage properly because theres no available non-


4. I place my garbage on my bag because theres no available non-


(Water Supply)

Drinking Water

1. I drink water because theres available purified water.

2. I do not drink water even if theres available purified water.

3. I do not drink water because theres no available purified water.

4. I bring my own bottled water because theres no available purified water.


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(Classroom Condition)

Ventilation

1. I find the classroom conducive for learning because theres an adequate

ventilation

2. I do not find the classroom conducive for learning even if theres an adequate

ventilation

3. I do not find the classroom conducive for learning because theres no adequate

ventilation.

4. I open the doors and windows to make the classroom conducive for learning

because theres no adequate ventilation.

Adequate space

1. I can move freely and comfortably because theres enough space within the

classroom

2. I cannot move freely and comfortably even if theres enough space within the

classroom

3. I cannot move freely and comfortably because theres no enough space within

the classroom.

4. I go to other rooms with enough space because theres no enough space within


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the classroom.

(Food Preparation)

Eating Habits

1. I eat foods when Im hungry because theres a readily available healthy food in

the cafeteria

2. I do not eat food when Im hungry even if theres a readily available healthy

food in the cafeteria

3. I do not eat food when Im hungry because theres no readily available healthy

food in the cafeteria.

4. I bring packed snacks because theres no readily available healthy food in the

cafeteria.

Food Safety

1. I find the foods in the cafeteria safe to eat because the cafeteria utilizes clean

facilities and proper food preparation done by the staffs

2. I do not find the foods in the cafeteria safe to eat even if the cafeteria utilizes

clean facilities and proper food preparation done by the staffs

3. I do not find the foods in the cafeteria safe to eat because the cafeteria does not

utilize clean facilities and proper food preparation done by the staff.


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4. I bring packed snacks because the cafeteria does not utilize clean facilities and

proper food preparation done by the staffs.

(Crowd)

Stress Control

1. I avoid cigarette smoking because my friends are not cigarette smokers

2. I do not avoid cigarette smoking even if my friends are not cigarette smokers

3. I do not avoid cigarette smoking because my friends are cigarette smokers.

4. I chew gums whenever I feel the urge of smoking even if my friends are

cigarette smokers.

Alcohol Consumption

1. I avoid drinking alcohol because my friends are not alcohol drinkers

2. I do avoid drinking alcohol even if my friends are not alcohol drinkers

3. I do not avoid drinking alcohol because my friends are alcohol drinkers.

4. I drink water, fruit juices and non alcoholic beverages even if my friends are

alcohol drinkers.

Drug Consumption


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1. I avoid taking illegal drugs because my friends are not drug users

2. I do not avoid taking illegal drugs even if my friends are not drug users

3. I do not avoid taking illegal drugs because my friends are drug users.

4. I divert my attention whenever I feel the urge of taking illegal drugs even if my

friends are drug users.


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A1 73.0500 164.1553 .5061 .8349

A2 72.8500 162.9763 .5903 .8324

FE2 72.5000 162.6842 .5173 .8341

FE3 72.0500 171.2079 .2288 .8450

FE4 73.3000 166.7474 .2439 .8476

Reliability Coefficients

N of Cases = 20.0 N of Items = 22

Alpha = .8445


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APPENDIX D


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APPENDIX E

MATRIX

resp

gender

age

yl

f1

f2

f3

h1

h2

h3

g1

g2

g3

g4

d1

d2

d3

d4

v1

v2

v3

a1

a2

fe1

fe2

fe3

fe4

1 019 4 3 5 4 3 3 4 4 5 5 1 4 4 3 5 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

2 019 4 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 5 3 5 1

3 120 4 5 4 4 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 2 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5

4 119 4 5 5 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 5 5 5 5

5 119 4 3 5 1 1 1 5 5 4 1 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 5 3 5 5 5 5 5

6 119 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 1 2 2 2 4 1 3 3 1 1 5 4 5 4

7 019 4 2 5 5 2 5 5 3 4 1 4 1 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 5 5

8 119 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 1 1 5 3 4 5 5 4 1 2 5 5 5 5 5

9 019 4 1 4 5 1 3 5 3 4 3 1 3 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 4 4 5 5

10 0

20 4 5 5 5 2 5 2 5 5 5 1 3 4 5 3 2 3 5 2 2 5 3 2 5

11 0

18 3 4 5 2 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 3 4 5 3 2 2 3 3 3 5 3 5 3

1

2 1

1

8 3 4 5 3 4 4 3 5 5 2 1 5 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 313 0

18 3 3 5 4 3 3 5 3 5 4 1 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 5 4 5 5 5 4

14 0

18 3 5 5 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 2 4 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

15 0

18 3 4 5 5 3 3 5 5 5 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 4 4 5 2 5 3

16 0

18 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 2

17 1

20 3 1 2 5 1 1 1 3 3 2 4 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 4

18 1

18 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4

19 1

19 3 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 2 5 3 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

20 0

18 3 4 5 4 3 4 4 5 5 5 1 3 5 5 4 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 4


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Effects of School Facilities in The

Documents

Transcript of Effects of School Facilities in The