EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON RUNNING EXPERIENCE AND … Oral... · Methodology: Lab test 10 min rest time...
Transcript of EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON RUNNING EXPERIENCE AND … Oral... · Methodology: Lab test 10 min rest time...
EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON RUNNING EXPERIENCE AND PERFORMANCE
Lim Ren JieCui Xinyu
NIE 11
Overview
Introduction
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Aim and Objective
Introduction
Aim and Objective
Methodology
Results & Discussion
Conclusion
Overview
Introduction
14%Decrease
Female < Male
Introduction
Conditions of Music:
Synchronous Asynchronous No Music
Overview
Introduction
Aim and Objective
Methodology
Results & Discussion
Conclusion
Aim and Objective
Investigate on the effects of synchronous and
asynchronous music on Junior College (JC)
students’ experience and performance during
800m running.
Aim and Objective
Aim and Objective
Adolescents can improve their exercising experience and performance tremendously with music application compared adolescents exercising without music.
Synchronous music produces greater positive experiences and efficiency in running than asynchronous music.
Application of music has a greater effect on females than male
Hypotheses
Overview
Introduction
Aim and Objective
Methodology
Results & Discussion
Conclusion
Methedology
ParticipantsPreference Measurements
Lab Test Data Collection
1 2
3 4
Methodology
•10 Females, 9 Males
•Aged 17-19
•Mean age= 17.26, SD age= 0.56
Methodology
Measurements conducted:
•Music selection using Brunel Music Rating
Inventory-3 (BMRI-3)
•Attentional Focus Questionnaire (AFQ)
Methodology
•Self-selected pace
•3 X 800m interval running, with 10min break in
between
•No music condition first, followed by Asynchronous
Music and Synchronous Music in randomised order.
Methodology
4 measurements:
•Heart Rate → Performance
•Attentional Focus → Experience
•Rate of Perceived Exertion → Experience
•Subjective Enjoyment → Experience
Overview
Introduction
Aim and Objective
Methodology
Results &
Discussion
Conclusion
Overview
Performance Experience
Hypothesis 1
Performance:
Experience:
Hypothesis 1
Music >
No Music
:Data supports criteria :Data partially supports criteria :Data does not support criteria
Hypothesis 1
Heart Rate
Music condition Total
M SD
No music 183.95 9.34
Asynchronous music 191.00 8.49
Synchronous music 192.16 9.06
Hypothesis 1
Music >
No Music
Hypothesis 1
Participants get excited when
listening to music
High heart rate → high intensity
Reasons
Hypothesis 1
Enjoyment (marginally significant)
Music condition Total
M SD
No music 3.71 1.22
Asynchronous music 4.21 1.06
Synchronous music 3.99 .80
Hypothesis 1
Music >
No Music
Hypothesis 1
Attentional Focus (marginally significant)
Music condition Total
M SD
No music 4.47 2.57
Asynchronous music 5.53 2.27
Synchronous music 5.05 2.17
Hypothesis 1
Music >
No Music
Hypothesis 2
Performance:
Experience:
Hypothesis 2
Synchronous Music >
Asynchronous Music
:Data supports criteria :Data partially supports criteria :Data does not support criteria
Hypothesis 2
We theorised that motivational
factor is more important in
affecting performance and
experience than the tempo of
music.
Hypothesis 2
Synchronous Music >
Asynchronous Music
Hypothesis 2
BMRI-3 ratings
Music condition Total
M SD
Asynchronous music 36.21 3.45
Synchronous music 33.68 5.22
Hypothesis 2
Synchronous Music >
Asynchronous Music
Hypothesis 2
Enjoyment
Music condition Total
M SD
Asynchronous music 4.21 1.06
Synchronous music 3.99 .80
Hypothesis 2
Synchronous Music >
Asynchronous Music
Hypothesis 2
Attentional Focus
Music condition Total
M SD
Asynchronous music 5.53 2.27
Synchronous music 5.06 2.17
Hypothesis 2
Synchronous Music >
Asynchronous Music
Hypothesis 2
No pressure to follow beats of music
Liking of a song matters more
Reasons
Hypothesis 3
Performance:
Experience:
Hypothesis 3
Effect on females >
Effect on males
:Data supports criteria :Data partially supports criteria :Data does not support criteria
Hypothesis 3
Rate of Perceived Exertion
Music condition Female Male
M SD M SD
No music 13.20 1.48 14.00 2.12
Asynchronous music 14.30 1.83 15.78 1.79
Synchronous music 13.90 1.60 15.89 1.62
Hypothesis 3
Effect on females >
Effect on males
Hypothesis 3
- BMRI-3 rating higher for females
Music condition Female Male
M SD M SD
Asynchronous
music
37.45 3.27 34.83 3.28
Synchronous
music
36.10 2.18 31.00 6.36
Hypothesis 3
Effect on females >
Effect on males
Hypothesis 3
More research can be done as other
data does not have significant
support towards this hypothesis
Hypothesis 3
Effect on females >
Effect on males
Overview
Introduction
Aim and Objective
Methodology
Results & Discussion
Conclusion
Conclusion
Conclusion
1.Music improves experience compared to no
music.
2.Motivational factor of music affects experience
more than the tempo.
Conclusion
Future Study
1.Choice of music
2.Demographics
Conclusion
Application
1.Physical Education
2.Foundation for future studies
Thank You!
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank our supervisors, Dr Masato Kawabata and Ms Bernadette Bree Ashley for their guidance and support throughout the research. Without your unwavering support, we would not be able to complete this research. We would also like to express our gratitude to our
school mentor Mr Nicholas Wong for his assistance in writing the research paper and tracking our learning progress. We would like to thank Nanyang Technological University, Singapore for this research opportunity. Last but not least, we would like to thank the participants for their
enthusiasm in participating in this study.
QnA slides
Limitations
1.Timing
2.Intensity of exercise
3. Human factor
4. Number of people
Methodology: Lab test
No Music condition as the baseline → Prevent
Involuntary Musical Imagery (INMI) .
Conclusion
Methodology: Lab test
Asynchronous and Synchronous condition
randomised → minimise sequencing effect
Methodology: Lab test
10 min rest time → Rest ratio 1:3 in interval training.
Approximate % of
maximum power
Typical
exercise
duration
Range of
exercise-to-rest
period ratios
90 - 100 5 – 10 seconds 1:12 to 1:20
75 - 90 15 – 30
seconds
1:3 to 1:5
30 - 75 1 – 3 minutes 1:2 to 1:4
20 - 35 >3 minutes 1:1 to 1:3
Table 1: BMRI-3 Means and Standard Deviations by Music Condition and Gender
(Significance between music conditions and gender)
Music condition Female Male Total
M SD M SD M SD
Asynchronous
music
37.45 3.27 34.83 3.28 36.21 3.45
Synchronous
music
36.10 2.18 31.00 6.36 33.68 5.22
Table 2: Heart Rate Means and Standard Deviations by Music Condition and Gender
(Significance between music conditions)
Music condition Female Male Total
M SD M SD M SD
No music 183.20 6.83 184.78 11.94 183.95 9.34
Asynchronous
music
189.40 7.72 192.87 9.29 191.00 8.49
Synchronous
music
191.00 8.35 193.44 10.14 192.16 9.06
Table 3: Attentional Focus Means and Standard Deviations by Music Condition and
Gender
(Marginal significance between music conditions)
Music condition Female Male Total
M SD M SD M SD
No music 4.10 2.77 4.89 2.42 4.47 2.57
Asynchronous
music
5.40 1.90 5.67 2.74 5.53 2.27
Synchronous
music
4.60 2.32 5.56 2.01 5.05 2.17
Table 4: Rate of Perceived Exertion Means by Music Condition and Gender
(Significance between music conditions and gender)
Music condition Female Male Total
M SD M SD M SD
No music 13.20 1.48 14.00 2.12 13.58 1.81
Asynchronous
music
14.30 1.83 15.78 1.79 15.00 1.92
Synchronous
music
13.90 1.60 15.89 1.62 14.84 1.87
Table 5: Enjoyment Means and Standard Deviations by Music Condition and Gender
(Marginal significance between music conditions)
Music condition Female Male Total
M SD M SD M SD
No music 3.56 1.30 3.89 1.17 3.71 1.22
Asynchronous
music
3.99 1.16 4.46 .93 4.21 1.06
Synchronous
music
3.89 .83 4.11 .80 3.99 .80