Effects of Maleic Anhydride on the Curing of Furfuryl...
Transcript of Effects of Maleic Anhydride on the Curing of Furfuryl...
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
Oktober 31, 2012
Nadine Herold Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
Nadine Herold, Tobias Dietrich, Warren J Grigsby, Robert A Franich, Anja Winkler, Beate Buchelt, Alexander Pfriem
Effects of Maleic Anhydride on the Curing of Furfuryl Alcohol in Wood
Veneer Studied by DSC
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
background
project: enhanced veneer moulding and form-fixation by furfuryl alcohol impregnation and polymerization at elevated temperatures
objective curing profiles of furfuryl alcohol in wood veneer were studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
samples
• maple veneer specimens • impregnated with differently composed solutions:
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
DSC measurements • the DSC measurements were performed on a
TA instruments Q1000 DSC under nitrogen atmosphere • standard aluminium pans
• sample weight: 5 - 6.5 mg
• method 1: temperature ramp with a heating rate of 10 ºC/min from 20 to 200 ºC
• method 2: isothermal temperature profiles at 80, 100, 120, and 140 ºC with an initial ramp of 100 ºC/min
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: heating ramp
122 °C
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: heating ramp
122 °C 147 °C
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: heating ramp
122 °C 147 °C
154°C
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: heating ramp
122 °C
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: heating ramp
~122 °C 135 °C
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: heating ramp
~122 °C 135 °C 155 °C
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: heating ramp
~122 °C 147 °C
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: heating ramp
~122 °C 147 °C
162 °C
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: heating ramp
~122 °C 147 °C
162 °C
168 °C
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: heating ramp
157 °C
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: heating ramp
~157 °C
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: heating ramp
~157 °C
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: isothermal temperature profiles
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: isothermal temperature profiles
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: isothermal temperature profiles
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: isothermal temperature profiles
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: isothermal temperature profiles
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: isothermal temperature profiles
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
summary: DSC temperature ramp
• maleic anhydride influences significantly the furfuryl alcohol polymerization
• low maleic anhydride content requires a higher temperature to affect the same degree of polymerization
• dilution of the furfuryl alcohol/maleic anhydride treatment mixture with ethanol retarded the polymerization reactions
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
summary: DSC isothermal temperature profiles
• high reaction temperatures lead to a more rapid, exothermic cure • temperatures less than 100 °C result in low rates of polymerization and
potential for higher furfuryl alcohol loss through evaporation
• ethanol dilution shows a less intense and retarded polymerization
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
in addition: sample weight change during the modification
• sample weights were measured - absolutely dry
- after impregnation and low-pressure application - after curing at 140 °C for 3 h
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
polymer weight
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
results: polymer formation • polymer formation (by weight) is linear related to the maleic anhydride
content inside the samples • ethanol-diluted impregnation solutions reduce the degree of
polymerization
• the curing temperature also determines the polymer formation
à what are the effects of these parameter on the polymers’ constitution?
Nadine Herold · Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development – University of Applied Sciences · Faculty of Wood Science and Technology
Thank you for your attention!
Acknowledgement: The authors are grateful for the financial support of the German Research Foundation (DFG, PF 686/4-1), AiF (16735 BR), and COST (STSM-RA - New Zealand-06283). We also greatly appreciate the supply of the furfuryl alcohol by International Furan Chemicals B.V.