Effects of High CO 2 on Marine Plants
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Transcript of Effects of High CO 2 on Marine Plants
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Effects of High CO2 on Marine Plants
Leander Love-AndereggBio 433
4/8/2013
CO2 = Plant food, right?
CO2
+Light
CO2+
Light
CO2 Fertilization(e.g. Cao & Woodward (1998) Nature)
CO2 Fertilization in the Sea 1) Physiological response:
Riebesell (2004) J. of Oceanography
The physiological flipside
Ocean acidification
Winners and losers,
But effects still uncertain
Rost et al. (2008) Marine Ecol. Prog. Series
2) Ecological effects
CO2 concentration can shift community structure
Direct and indirect effects shift competitive balance of phytoplankton assemblages
Shikano and Kawabato (2000) Hydrobiologia
Riebesell (2004) J. of Oceanography
3) Evolutionary Effects
Phytoplankton phase out use of CCMs over multiple generations (Bell et al. (2008) Evolutionary Applications) Short generation time evolutionary potential
reasonably large
The Forecast?
Overall increase in phytoplankton NPP But not as large as
might predict
Evolutionary responses will likely dampen effects
Phytoplankton community shifts (with possible ecological consequences)
Sources:1. Bell, G. and S. Collins. 2008. Adaptation, extinction and
global change. Evolutionary Applications. 1:3-16.2. Riebesell, U. 2004. Effects of CO(2) enrichment on marine
phytoplankton. Journal of Oceanography. 60:719-729.3. Rost, B., I. Zondervan and D. Wolf-Gladrow. 2008.
Sensitivity of phytoplankton to future changes in ocean carbonate chemistry: current knowledge, contradictions and research directions. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 373:227-237.
4. Shikano, S. and Z. Kawabata. 2000. Effect at the ecosystem level of elevated atmospheric CO2 in an aquatic microcosm. Hydrobiologia. 436:209-216.
5. Wolf-Gladrow, D.A., U. Riebesell, S. Burkhardt and J. Bijma. 1999. Direct effects of CO2 concentration on growth and isotopic composition of marine plankton, pp 461-476.
6. Woodward, F.I. and M.R. Lomas. 2004. Vegetation dynamics - simulating responses to climatic change. Biological Reviews. 79:643-670.Photo credits:
rachelsussman.com, wikipedia.com/phytoplankton, http://www-v1.amnh.org/