Effects of gender Stereotypes on HumanActivities

MetzFeb. 2011

1st YEAR (sept. 2010 – aug. 2011)

Understanding the process of stereotypesHow they prevent people from doing things

2nd YEAR (sept. 2011 – aug. 2012)

Working on tools to fight against stereotypesInventory of existing tools and creations of new ones

Czech Rep.

FranceGreece

SpainTurkey

Portugal

1st guideline1st guideline

2nd guideline2nd guideline

what?

did we do and decide in

Prague

presentation of each participating organization and its interest in the topic of the project

discussion on (gender) stereotypes

definition of our « final » product

« final » product1st year

content and shape

descriptionof an european

stereotypedman/woman

paper/webnb. of pagestype of use

etc.?

descriptionof an european

stereotypedman/woman

Martin was born in Europe in 1990 (…)He seemed strong and proud on the pictures in his blue pants (…)At school, he was playing football (…)when he grew up, he wanted to be a scientist (…)

“

”

“

”

questionnaire

Martin was born in Europe in 1990 (…)He seemed strong and proud on the pictures in his blue pants (…)At school, he was playing football (…)when he grew up, he wanted to be a scientist (…)

questionnaire

human activities home school work leisure

questionnaire

1. creation

3. results

2. fulfillment

MetzFeb. 2011

TrikalaJun?

2011

Martin was born in Europe in 1990 (…)He seemed strong and proud on the

pictures in his blue pants (…)At school, he was playing football (…)

when he grew up, he wanted to be a scientist (…)

agendagendaa

agendagendaaThursday 24th AM

Brainstorming on the origins and history of the gender stereotypes

Synthesis of questionnaire trials

Discussion on the shape of the « final » product

Thursday 24th PM

Presentation by Antigone MOUCHTOURIS

Elaboration of the questionnaire

(type of questions/answers, sample and variables, etc.)

Friday 25th AM

Presentation of Batigere

Workgroups on the questionnaire

Friday 25th PM

Workgroups on the questionnaire

General restitution

Brainstorming on the origins and historyof the gender stereotypes

Synthesis of the questionnaire trialsby each national team

10 most mentioned adjectivesfrom the most to the least mentioned results

MEN WOMEN

SelfishIntelligent

FunnyStrong

StubbornHard-workingCommanding

ProtectorNegligentsolidary

DedicatedBeautifulIntelligent

KindStubborn

VainHard-working

TenderAstute

Methodical

Most mentioned adjectivesmixed results

MEN WOMEN

HeroSelf-confident

BraveAdventurous

RationalAnalytical

StrongCompetentResponsibleAmbitious

IndependantAgressiveImpatientArrogantSelfish

Authoritarian

SweetPatientLoving

AffectionateIntuitive

ImaginativeSentimental

NiceComprehensive

WarmAltruistic

InconstantVulnerable

DocileSubject

Emotional

Most mentioned wordsclassified results

MEN WOMEN

MEN Physical power/instinct: power, hammer, crudeness, hunter, weapon, beer, vigour, money, not thinking, lover, property, etc.Ego: competitiveness, heroism, self-assured, emulousness, self-centredness, manipulation, possession, status, etc.Morality/honour: friendship, gallantry, self-esteem, honesty, frankness, etc.Guardian and bread-winner: protection, defence, hard-working, father, etc.

Physicial beauty: beauty, fraitly, charm, flower, jewel, fashion, elegance, smile, etc.Emotion: love, tenderness, sensitive, flame, pettishness, emotion, empathy, fell, energy, joy, passion, etc.Stability/safety: content, punctuality, standby, carefulness, patience, mental power, peace, charity, devotion, etc.Maternity: children, fertility, care, housewife, etc.

WOMEN Physical power/instinct: fighter, hunter, lust, conqueror, testosterone, hunger, beer, sex, car, sport, fearless, etc.Ego: vain, show-off, omnipotent, selfish, dominant, manipulative, confident, proud, stubborn, career, etc.Reason: logic, intellect, cleverness, head, realistic, rational, view from above, without emotion, etc.Protection: friend, support, dog, safety, etc.

Positive emotion/inner strength: sensitive, love, empathy, tenderness, romanticism, passion, inspiration, etc.Pragmatism: planning, view of big picture, reliability, responsibility, decisive, politic, organizing, practical, capable, etc.Work/care: hard-working, energy, mopping, carefull, meal, etc.Maternity: child, mother, family, etc.

General discovery:

• The answers in general have more positive characterizations than negative characterizations.

• Men assess themselves the same as women assess men.

• Men rarely identify themselves with paternity, while both men and women identify with maternity. On the contrary women hardly even characterize men as father (1answer)

• Men are more critical of themselves than of the women. Women are less critical of themselves.

• When men characterize women, there were very rarely any negative evaluations such as intrique, authoritativeness, jealousy and pettishness.

• Women characterize themselves as practical and hardworking, but men don ｴ t view women as practical and hardworking

Type of questionsregarding the areas of life

• Which of the following characteristics are more suited… to man, woman, both, none ?

• How much do you agree with the following sentences ?1=strongly agree… 5=strongly disagree

• Do you prefer to (work) with… a man, a woman, both ?

• Who makes the decisions (in the family) for the following topics ?

• Select in order of preference (the sites for your leisure time)

• Where boys and girls prefer to (spend their leisure time) ?

• Who do you think is more appropriate to (teach in secondary school)(for the following courses: history, literature, mathematics, sciences, languages, etc.) ?

Type of questions: YES/NO or MAN/WOMANclassified by areas of life

• academic sphere

• chauvinism and discrimination

• daily activities

• personal and labour relationships

• leisure (games)

The questionnaire asks about:- actions/behaviours- knowledge/decision-making- personal characteristics- etc.

Questionnaire’s results presented in Pragueclassified by areas of life: at home, in social life and in education and professional life

“ What are the main roles of a man and a woman at home, in social life and in education&work life in Turkey? ”

According to the results, while the main role of a woman at home- with the rate of 94 percent- is motherhood, looking after the children and taking responsibility of houseworks from cleaning to cooking, the main role of a man at home is earning money and costing all the expenses related to home ( 90%) and doing repairs ( 85%). The rate of those who think that women can do repairs remained as 19%, whereas 40% regard a woman as a member of a family who is responsible to support family income actively. In family life, the male is considered to be the ultimate decision maker with 78%. Only 22% of the participants regard the ladies as the one who makes the final decisions about family issues.

In social life, even though 79% of the participants think that women have the capasity in leadership, the number of the female leaders within a society is very small in Turkey. Woman has less important, passive and back roles in social life when compared to the roles within the family, which shows that women are stronger at home than in social environment. One of the prominent outcomes of this study is the rates of those who have different points of views about how to behave and what to do in social activities depending on the gender of an individual. According to just 4% out of 100 participants, a woman can go out without permission from her parents or partners and stya out until midnight. However, according to 52%, there is no need to get any permission and you can go home at any time of the day regardless of hour if you are a male, which can be regarded as the concrete proof of the sexual discriminationin within Turkish society.

When it comes to education and work life, it seems that women are slowly changing the perceptions of individuals about women’s contribution to education and business life in apositive way. According to 77%, women have the spirit to enterprise more bravely than the males. That is, they are more courageous while deciding about innovations in not only work life but also in educational issues. Even if this fact seems like a positive step, the rate of the participants who think that women can be good leaders or managers at work can’t go beyond 27%, while the rate of those who consider males as the best managers of leaders stays at 88%. A very big portion of the participants (79%) share the idea that males must earn more than females, which is a matter proving personality. Additionally, 69% consider the males to be able to do whatever profession they want and 39% think the sam efor the females regardless of the gender factor.

Discrimination: a common Discrimination: a common behaviourbehaviourAntigone MOUCHTOURIS, sociologist

1. Discrimination is a social space with several dimensions

2. The characteristics of discriminationa) Temporalityb) Potentialityc) Discrimination depends on the standard measure of normality

High school High school guidanceguidance

counsellor + advice

student + desire

socialbackgroun

d

statistics

bayx

y (a+b) = ya+yb

x∩a, x∩b

xa = y+yb and xb = ya+y

a+b x

a+b y

the characteristics of the student are inherent to her situation

he attaches them irrevocably to the student

the counsellor only concerns himself with those characteristics

Student’s attitude:it is clear that those characteristics are not important when it comes to decide her future

Counsellor’s attitude: the characteristics put the student in a clear way for her future

Discrimination: a common Discrimination: a common behaviourbehaviourAntigone MOUCHTOURIS, sociologist

1. Discrimination is a social space with several dimensions

2. The characteristics of discriminationa) Temporalityb) Potentialityc) Discrimination depends on the standard measure of normality

3. Effects of discrimination

Elaboration of the questionnaire(type of questions/answers, sample and variables, etc.)

Discussion on the shapeof the « final » product

paper/webnb. of pagestype of use

etc.

Equality at workEquality at work

Marie-Noëlle PIARD, supervisory board of the group

Thank you allfor your visit in Metz…

See you soon in Trikala!