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![Page 1: Effects of Fire, Extreme Weather, and Anthropogenic Disturbance On Avian Biodiversity in the U.S. NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting, Washington DC.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103100/56649edb5503460f94beae42/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Effects of Fire, Extreme Weather, Effects of Fire, Extreme Weather, and Anthropogenic Disturbanceand Anthropogenic DisturbanceOn Avian Biodiversity in the U.S.On Avian Biodiversity in the U.S.
NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting, Washington DC NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting, Washington DC May 18, 2010May 18, 2010
Anna M. Pidgeon, V. Radeloff, T. Albright, Anna M. Pidgeon, V. Radeloff, T. Albright, C. Ritttenhouse, M. Clayton, C. Ritttenhouse, M. Clayton,
University of Wisconsin-MadisonUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison
C. Flather, S. Stewart, C. Flather, S. Stewart, U.S. Forest ServiceU.S. Forest Service
J. Masek, J. Masek, NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterNASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Pidgeon et al., 2007, Ecol. Appl., 17:1989-2010
Bird biodiversity patternsBird biodiversity patterns
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Research questionResearch question
How does disturbance How does disturbance contribute to patterns of bird contribute to patterns of bird biodiversity?biodiversity?
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Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
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Integrating the dataIntegrating the data
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Fire
MODIS active fire products
Select disturbed BBS routes
Select comparable undisturbed BBS routes
Heat waves
MODIS surface
temperature
Regression analysis of biodiversity response versus magnitude of disturbance
MODIS surface
temperature
Droughts
Palmer drought index
MODIS LAI/NPP
data
Storms
Hurricane/ tornado tracks
Clearcuts
LEDAPS disturbance
data
LEDAPS disturbance
data
Fragmen-tation
NLCD 1992/93
LEDAPS reflectance
data
Houses
U.S. Census data 1980, 1990, 2000
t-test of biodiversity response disturbed versus undisturbed
LEDAPS disturbance
data
LEDAPS disturbance
data
MODIS active fires/ burned area
Extreme weather Human disturbanceFire
MODIS active fire products
Select disturbed BBS routes
Select comparable undisturbed BBS routes
Heat waves
MODIS surface
temperature
Regression analysis of biodiversity response versus magnitude of disturbance
MODIS surface
temperature
Droughts
Palmer drought index
MODIS LAI/NPP
data
Storms
Hurricane/ tornado tracks
Clearcuts
LEDAPS disturbance
data
LEDAPS disturbance
data
Fragmen-tation
NLCD 1992/93
LEDAPS reflectance
data
Houses
U.S. Census data 1980, 1990, 2000
t-test of biodiversity response disturbed versus undisturbed
LEDAPS disturbance
data
LEDAPS disturbance
data
MODIS active fires/ burned area
Extreme weather Human disturbance
Houses and forest fragmentation: Both fragmentation and housing development had strong effects on avian richness Effects differed by guild and ecoregion E.g., in the West houses were positively correlated with richness, but negatively in East
Pidgeon et al., 2007, Ecol. Appl., 17:1989-2010 Lepczyk et al., 2008, Cons. Bio., 22:405-416
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
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Fire
MODIS active fire products
Select disturbed BBS routes
Select comparable undisturbed BBS routes
Heat waves
MODIS surface
temperature
Regression analysis of biodiversity response versus magnitude of disturbance
MODIS surface
temperature
Droughts
Palmer drought index
MODIS LAI/NPP
data
Storms
Hurricane/ tornado tracks
Clearcuts
LEDAPS disturbance
data
LEDAPS disturbance
data
Fragmen-tation
NLCD 1992/93
LEDAPS reflectance
data
Houses
U.S. Census data 1980, 1990, 2000
t-test of biodiversity response disturbed versus undisturbed
LEDAPS disturbance
data
LEDAPS disturbance
data
MODIS active fires/ burned area
Extreme weather Human disturbanceFire
MODIS active fire products
Select disturbed BBS routes
Select comparable undisturbed BBS routes
Heat waves
MODIS surface
temperature
Regression analysis of biodiversity response versus magnitude of disturbance
MODIS surface
temperature
Droughts
Palmer drought index
MODIS LAI/NPP
data
Storms
Hurricane/ tornado tracks
Clearcuts
LEDAPS disturbance
data
LEDAPS disturbance
data
Fragmen-tation
NLCD 1992/93
LEDAPS reflectance
data
Houses
U.S. Census data 1980, 1990, 2000
t-test of biodiversity response disturbed versus undisturbed
LEDAPS disturbance
data
LEDAPS disturbance
data
MODIS active fires/ burned area
Extreme weather Human disturbance
Hurricanes : Hurricanes changed species abundances, and community composition, but did not change species richness
Rittenhouse et al., 2010, Global Change Biology
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
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Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
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Study sites
Forested ecoregions
km1000±
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
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Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
d1 d2Legend
BBS route
Non-forest
Forest
Water
Post-disturbance forest
Disturbed forest
Post-disturb. Non-forest
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Successive change Progressive change
Com
mun
ity s
imila
rity
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Predicted Community Similarity: Neotrop migrant
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.100.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
Proportion of disturbed forestPro
port
ion
of p
ost-
dist
urba
nce
non-
fore
st
(For
est L
oss)
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Predicted Community Similarity: Residents
Lat
itude
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
Proportion of disturbed forest
N
S
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Predicted Community Similarity: Ground nesters
-117 -103 -89 -82 -750.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
Longitude EWPro
port
ion
of p
ost-
dist
urba
nce
non-
fore
st
(For
est L
oss)
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Forest Forest disturbancedisturbance maintained community maintained community similarity for several guilds, including similarity for several guilds, including neotropical migrants, permanent residents and neotropical migrants, permanent residents and cavity nesters cavity nesters
Forest Forest lossloss decreased community similarity for decreased community similarity for all forest birds, and most guilds all forest birds, and most guilds
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
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Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
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Drought associated with abundance declines among migratory birds in High Plains
[Albright et al., in press, Global Change Biol.]
Response to -3 S.D. June-ending 32-week SPI
Humid Dry Montane
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Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
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Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
MODIS Land MODIS Land surface surface temperaturetemperature
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Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
Standardized seasonal land surface Standardized seasonal land surface temperature exceedancetemperature exceedance
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Summer-long heat wave associated with avian abundance
[Albright et al., in revision, Remote Sens. Environ.]
Response to summer-long heat wave
(+3 C° mean exceedance)
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Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
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Drought and heatwaves: Why consider them jointly?
Interaction effects
1) Physical: Negative correlation between anomalies of temperature and precipitation
2) Biotic: Water requirements rise with temperature
[Kevin McGowan]
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Response of ground-nesting species to drought/heat events
Nesting period Post-fledging period
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Changes in migratory bird abundance
associated with “drought/heat events
Nesting period Post-fledging periodTemperate migrants
Neotropical migrants
+20%
+15%
+10%
+5%
+2%
-2%
-5%
-10%
-15%
-20%
N Y
Significance (P < 0.05)
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Drought - Abundance declined, species Drought - Abundance declined, species richness did not change richness did not change
Heatwave - Avian community patterns most Heatwave - Avian community patterns most related to MODIS 8-day LST exceedancesrelated to MODIS 8-day LST exceedances
Drought/Heat events- effects most severe in Drought/Heat events- effects most severe in arid southwestarid southwest
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
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DiscussionDiscussion
Abundance – 1Abundance – 1stst signal of change signal of change
Mechanisms-loss of juveniles? Mechanisms-loss of juveniles?
-returning migrant birds -returning migrant birds redistribute themselves?redistribute themselves?
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ConclusionsConclusions
Remote sensing measures Remote sensing measures of of climatic stabilityclimatic stability and and forest disturbance forest disturbance are effective in characterizing drivers of are effective in characterizing drivers of avian patterns avian patterns
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ConclusionsConclusions
Communities are continuously in fluxCommunities are continuously in flux
Disturbance affects both interannual Disturbance affects both interannual variability and long-term avian patternsvariability and long-term avian patterns
Abundance is more strongly affected by Abundance is more strongly affected by climate events than species richnessclimate events than species richness
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Thank you!
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Northern Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsi
n
Landcover
Housing density