EFFECTS OF DIESEL FUEL QUANTITY ON THE EMISSIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF A DUAL FUEL … ·...
Transcript of EFFECTS OF DIESEL FUEL QUANTITY ON THE EMISSIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF A DUAL FUEL … ·...
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EFFECTS OF DIESEL FUEL QUANTITY ON THE EMISSIONS
CHARACTERISTICS OF ADUAL FUEL ENGINE
BETTER AIR QUALITY 2018
SARAWAK
NOVEMBER 13TH, 2018
WAN NURDIYANA WAN MANSOR
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Motivation for Natural Gas UsageDiesel vs Natural Gas Prices
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Motivations for Natural Gas UsageEmission Regulations for Non-road CI Engines
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Definitions of Natural Gas EngineDedicated◦ Run on one fuel
Bi-Fuel◦ An engine that has two independent fuel systems (one of them natural gas) can
run alternatively on either fuel, but only one at a time.
Dual Fuel◦ An engine that has two independent fuel systems (one of them for natural gas)
and can run on both fuels simultaneously. It also may run on one fuel alone.
Micropilot◦ Dual fuel with special injector-1-4% of diesel amount is injected
Flexible Fuel◦ Run on a mixture of fuels eg. gasoline & ethanol
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Why Dual Fuel?Existing engines, does not require replacement◦Dual fuel kit
Low cost of entry & maintenance◦Reduce de-carbonize & overhaul of engines
Seamless transition to 100% diesel fuel
Non-invasive to OEM diesel engine
Maintain power or torque
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Fuel Gas Options
Fuel Cost Environment Con.
Biogas Low HC & CO Power derating
Producer Gas Moderate CO Power derating & efficiency
LPG Moderate HC & CO Combustion noise
NG Moderate HC & CO Part load performance
Diesel High PM & NOx Cost & emission
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Dual Fuel Engine Basic Operation
Intake Compression Power Exhaust
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Applications• The Oil and Gas industry is prime for
utilization of natural gas as a fuel. • Dual fuel engine in land-based oil, well-
drilling and fracking applications • Dual fuel in hydraulic fracturing truck → high pressure pump and diesel engine
• Transportation
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Dual Fuel Conversion Technologies
For Industrial Engines
Altronic GTI Bi-Fuel
Hythane Opti-Blend
GFS Corp
ComAp Bi-Fuel
Woodward Dual-fuel
Continental Controls
Caterpillar DGB (OEM)
Cummins (OEM)Cummins QSK50 Tier 2 well servicing applications
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ObjectivesTo study the effect of diesel fuel quantity in dual fuel engines that will reduce THC and CO emissions.
- Performance
- Emissions
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Experimental Setup & Test PlanExperimental apparatus
Engine specifications
Dual fuel components
Flow meters
Emission concentration measurement
Test plan
Optimization testing
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Experimental Apparatus
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Experimental Apparatus
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Dual Fuel System Overview
11/23/2018
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Engine SpecificationsEngine Model 6068HF475
Number of Cylinders 6
Bore and Stroke 106 x 127 mm
Connecting Rod 203 mm
Compression Ratio 17:1
Engine Type In-line, 4-cycle
Aspiration Turbocharged and Aftercooled
Displacement 6.8 liters
Rated Power 205 kW (275 hp)
Rated Speed 2400 rpm
Normal operation speed 1800 rpm
Number of Injector Nozzle Holes 6
Injector Nozzle Hole Diameter 1.75E-04 cm
Nominal Start of Injection Timing 6.5 bTDC
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Emission Concentration MeasurementThe 5-gas analyzer measures CO, CO2, O2, NOx, and THC concentrations
The FTIR is used to formaldehyde, acrolein, and acetaldehyde.
The dilution tunnel is used to measure PM
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Dual Fuel Baseline Map Displacement
Load 12% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Diesel displacement
(%)
35.0 59.6 70.0 69.4 58.7
Equivalence ratio 0.15 0.23 0.22 0.27 0.24
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Emissions
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Em
iss
ion
s (
g/k
Wh
)
Diesel Displacement (%)
12%
BSTHC
BSNOx
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Em
iss
ion
s (
g/k
Wh
)
Diesel Displacement (%)
25%
BSTHC
BSCO
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Em
iss
ion
s (
g/k
Wh
)
Diesel Displacement (%)
50%
BSTHC
BSCO
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Emissions
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Em
iss
ion
s (
g/k
Wh
)
Diesel Displacement (%)
75%
BSTHC
BSCO
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0% 20% 40% 60%
NO
x E
mis
sio
ns
(g
/kW
h)
Diesel Displacement (%)
100%
BSTHC
BSCO
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Combustion Performance
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
CO
V, C
ran
k A
ngl
e (
de
gre
e)
Pe
ak P
ress
ure
(kP
a)
Diesel Displacement
Avg. PeakIMEP COV0-10% duration
12%
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
CO
V, C
ran
k A
ngl
e (
de
gre
e)
Pe
ak P
ress
ure
(kP
a)
Diesel Displacement25%
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Combustion Performance
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
CO
V, C
ran
k A
ngl
e (
de
gre
e)
Pe
ak P
ress
ure
(kP
a)
Diesel Displacement
Avg. PeakIMEP COV0-10% duration
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
CO
V, C
ran
k A
ngl
e (
de
gre
e)
Pe
ak P
ress
ure
(kP
a)
Diesel Displacement
50%
75%
0
2
4
6
8
10
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
CO
V, C
ran
k A
ngl
e (
de
gre
e)
Pe
ak P
ress
ure
(kP
a)
Diesel Displacement (%)100%
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Conclusions & Recommendation
LoadBaseline
DisplacementMaximum
Displacement Achieved
Effects on Combustion
Effects on Emissions
12% 35% 63% High COV of IMEP, Peak pressure reduced
THC increased, no significant changesin CO25% 60% 70%
50% 70% 82%
Ignition delay and COV IMEP increased, PP reduced
THC increased,slight reduction in CO
75% 70% 70%No significant changes
Slight increase in CO, THC reduced
100% 60% 53% Reduction trend in CO and THC
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