Effects of Climate Change on Road Network Resilience

Professor Susan Tighe, Ph.D, P.Eng Norman W. McLeod Chair in Sustainable Pavement Engineering

Director Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology

SeminarChallengesforresilientroadnetworksSantiago Chile

October 18, 2016

Presenta5onOverview

• Introduc5on• ClimateChange

• NaturalDisasters• Roadbuild-inresiliencestrategies

• ClosingRemarks

PavementAssetDesignandManagementGuide•  LeadingtheDevelopmentoftheTransporta5onAssocia5onofCanada(TAC)designguide

• Resultedinmanyposi5vechangestoCanadianstandardsandspecifica5ons

PavementAssetDesignandManagementGuide•  IncludesanewchapteronClimateChangeandSustainability

•  Focusesonprovincial,municipalandcityneeds

[ReidandHein2016]

ClimateChange

DisasterTypesinOntario1900–2013

Nirupama, N., et al (2014). Natural Hazards in Ontario, Canada: An Analysis for Resilience Building. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18, 55-61.

Whendoesfloodingoccur?

Nirupama, N., et al (2014). Natural Hazards in Ontario, Canada: An Analysis for Resilience Building. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18, 55-61.

AssessmentofDamage

Loadtype Pavementdamagereasons

Flooddepth Absorp5onofwater

Flooddura5on Absorp5onofwater

Floodvelocity Forceofwater

Flooddebris Pavementsurfacetexturereduc5on

Floodcontaminants Absorp5onoradhesionofcontaminantscarriedby

water

ClimateChangeImpacts

AnalysisofPerformanceRelatedData

1.  Influence of climate and climate change alone

2.  Influence of structure type and baseline traffic volume

3.  Combined influence of traffic growth and climate change

(Mills,2007)

•  Extrememinimumdailytemperature(thermalcrackingindicator)

•  Seven-dayaveragemaximumdailytemperature(ru\ngindicator)

•  Freezingandthawingindices(indicatoroffrostandthawdepths)

AnalysisofPerformanceRelatedData

ManagementNeeds

(TAC,2013)

Alberta(Edmonton)site(50%reliability)

(Mills,2007)

02468

101214161820

Baseline CGCM2A2x HadCM3B21

Climate Change Scenario

Year

s to

reac

h m

aint

enan

ce li

mit

IRI Longitudinal cracking Alligator cracking

Transverse cracking AC rutting Total rutting

PavementPredic5ons

(Mills,2007)

0

1

23

4

5

6

78

9

10

BritishColumbia

Alberta Manitoba Ontario Quebec New foundland

AC

Rut

ting

(mm

)

AC Rutting (baseline) AC Rutting (CGCM2A2x)

PavementPredic5ons

(Mills,2007)

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

22.22.42.62.8

BritishColumbia

Alberta Manitoba Ontario Quebec New foundland

Inte

rnat

iona

l Rou

ghne

ss In

dex

(IRI)

(m/k

m)

IRI (baseline) IRI (CGCM2A2x scenario)

ClimateChangeImpactsonPavement

•  Changesoccurringinminimumdailytemperature•  Changesoccurringinmaximumdailytemperature•  Changesoccurringinfreezingandthawingindices•  Changesoccurringinprecipita5on,dura5onandintensity•  Allofthesechangesareimpac5nginfrastructure•  Reconsidercurrentdesignmethods,maintenanceand

rehabilita5onprac5ces•  Manageimplica5ons

WhatisaNaturalDisaster?

RoleofEngineersandScien5sts

• Manyofthesecouldpossiblybeavoidedbybe`erdesign,construc5on,safetysystems,earlywarningandplanning.• Scien5stsandengineerstrytopreventdamagebywarningpeoplethenaturaldisasteriscoming.• Trytomonitortheeventandtrytopreventdamage.• Developplansforemergencies

KeySustainabilityIssues

•  VirginMaterialUsage•  Alterna5veMaterialUsage•  ProgramforIn-ServiceMonitoringandManagement•  AirQuality/Emissions•  WaterQuality•  Noise•  EnergyUsage

ResearchMethodology

•  Technical•  Economic•  Sustainable•  Costs/Benefits

ManagementNeeds

(TAC,2013)

Quan5fyAllCosts/Benefits

Cost

Conven2onalPavement

RecycledPavement/UsingBy-Products

PerviousPavement

EnvironmentalImpacts

Serviceability

(Tighe,2010)

LongLifeDesign• Resilienceistheabilitytodealwithchangesingeneral• Resilienceinpavementengineeringdesigntoensureitwithstandshazardwithminimumdamageofpavement• Build-inpavementresiliencefrommaterialrevolu5onview• Pavementresiliencefrompostdisasterusingpavementmanagementtobe`ermanagefutureroad

ClosingRemarks• UnderstandclimateChangemustbeexaminedforLongLifeInfrastructure• Adop5onofnewmaterialsanddesigns• Evaluatepoten5althreatsrelatedtoclimatechangeandplanforthem• Proac5vedesignandmanagement

Acknowledgements• UndergraduateandGraduateStudents• MinistryofTransporta5onOntario(MTO)• NaturalSciencesandEngineeringResearchCouncilofCanada(NSERC)• OntarioHotMixProducersAssocia5on(OHMPA)• CementAssocia5onofCanada• PartnersinNormanW.McLeodChair• CPATTPartners

Questions/Comments

Professor Susan Tighe, Ph.D, P.Eng Norman W. McLeod Chair in Sustainable Pavement Engineering

Director Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology

sltighe@uwaterloo.ca

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