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182 Afr. J. Biochem. Res.

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of Type 1diabetes.

Male 35(58.3%)

Female 25(41.7%)

Age 50 (SD10)

Employed 38(63.3%)Unemployed 22(36.7%)

Single 7(11.7%)

Married 53(88.3%)

Length of time since diabetes 10 (SD7)

patients stopped taking cinnamon. Altschuler et al. (2007)and Solomon et al. 2007 have investigated the impact

of

cinnamon on glucose and plasma lipid concentrations inpatients

with diabetes but yielded conflicting results and

had modestsample sizes. These findings led to wide-

spread cinnamonuse, although no study had yet evalua-

ted the effects of cinnamonin Arab diabetic populations

with likely differences in diet,BMI, baseline glucose levelsand prescribed medication. Moreover, the efficacy of cin-namon in patients with type 1 diabetes has not beenestablished, many patients seek other therapies and sup-plement their prescribed pharmacologic therapy withcinnamon. Therefore, we

report the first Arab study exa-

mining the effects of cinnamon

on glucose levels insubjects with type 1 diabetes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Data collection

A pre/post test randomized study design and utilized to show theimpact of cinnamon supplementation on blood glucose and lipidslevels among type1 diabetic. Then comparison between 2 results toimproved the effects of cinnamon on blood glucose and lipidslevels. The study was conducted in Al Mafraq Governmental Hospi-tal in Jordan

60 individuals with type1 diabetes of both sexes (35 males and25 females) of age 40 years or older were recruited for participatingin the current study. Only those diabetic subjects, who were nottaking medicine for other health conditions and whose fasting bloodglucose were in the range of 160 400 mg/dl and high lipids levelwere included in the study. The study was approved by medicalethical committee of the Zarqa private university. Data for the pre-sent study were collected through utilizing the following tools, 1-demographic data sheet was developed by the research. It includedbackground characteristics of patients, such as age, year of gra-duation, employment, length of time since diabetes and type of edu-cation (secondary school degree or technical institute degree).Fasting blood glucose and lipids level were measured at baselinestarting day and at the end of the week 4.

The study was conducted for 4 weeks. Type 1 diabetic indivi-duals were allowed to take their routine diet and usual diabeticmedicine. The individuals were told to take 4 capsules of wholecinnamon powder immediate after breakfast, lunch and dinner for 4weeks each capsules contain (500 mg) that means 6 g per day,these capsules were prepared by technician of the local pharmacy.The research did not suggest any alterationsin other aspects of thesubject's medical care, diet, or exercise. Compliance was monitored

by contact with the subjects.

Biochemical analysis

Biochemical analysis done by collection of blood samplesapproximately 10 ml blood samples were taken before breakfast from thevein directly into lithium heparin vacuum tubes for measurements ofasting blood glucose level, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDLThe samples were centrifuged within 1 h at 1000 x g for 10 min a

4C, the plasma transferred into separate labeled tubes and transferred immediately by cold boxes filled with ice to the centralaboratory of the Mafraq Hospital. All biochemical measurementswere carried out by the same team of laboratory technicians usingan auto analyzer (Dimension RXL clinical chemistry system, DadeBehring, USA) each individual on the starting day and at end oweek 4.

Prior to implementation of the training program, an official per-mission was obtained from the supervisors of the selected unitsThis was intended to facilitate data collection and to explain studypurpose. At the beginning of the study, participants' were invited toparticipate in the study. The researcher explained the study purpose and procedures for the randomly selected sample. Potentiasubjects were further informed that the participation was voluntaryand that study findings would be presented group wise and noindividual would be recognized.

Statistical analysis

Collected data were tabulated and needed statistical analyses weredone using descriptive statistic, means and standard deviation (SDof the means were calculated utilizing the computer data processing (SPSS, version 12). A probability value (P) of < 0.05 wasconsidered to be statistically significant.

RESULTS

60 subjects of type 1 diabetes were randomized into the

study their demographic characteristics shown in theTable 1. The samples had a mean age of 50 years (SD 10). 35 patients (58.3%) were male and 22 (36.7%) wereunemployed or retired. The majority were married(88.3%). The mean length of time since diabetes wasdiagnosed was 10 years (SD 7).

Repeated measure ANOVA was used to assess theeffectiveness of cinnamon among type1 diabetic individuals by examining fasting blood glucose and lipid levelschanges across time is shown in Table 2. The fastingblood glucose and lipids values on the starting day indi-cate of diabetic individuals before the start of cinnamonSo these values levels were the control for the study.

On the starting day of the experiment (day 0), the meanfasting blood glucose levels of the diabetic individualswere (241.5 mg/dl). Triglyceride (225.5 mg/dl), Total cho-lesterol (300 mg/dl) and LDL (165.7 mg/dl). When thediabetic individuals used the doses of cinnamon (6 g) fo4 weeks, their mean fasting blood glucose levels droppedto (126.67 mg/dl) means (48%), triglyceride (150 mg/dl)(36%), total cholesterol (210 mg/dl) (30%) and LDL(115.5 mg/dl) (30%). The reduction in the mean fastingblood glucose levels and lipid levels were significant at (p< 0.001) and (P < 0.05) respectively. This conclusion wassupported by the repeated measure ANOVA (F) test.

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Table 2. Effect of cinnamon on fasting blood glucose and lipid levels of the Type 1 diabetic.

After 4 weeksStarting day % of reduction

Mean SD(mg/dl)Mean SD(mg/dl)

Test

48126.67 6.9**241.5 36.70)(FBG

36150 5.2*225.5 20.65Triglyceride

210 8.5*300 30.20Cholesterol115.5 7.1*165.7 22.30LDL

** (p

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184 Afr. J. Biochem. Res.

among type 1 diabetics to the fact that their subjectsreceived an inadequate dose of cinnamon 1 g/day.

Vans-

choonbeek et al. (2006) used 1.5 g/day and failed to de-monstrate

a benefit. Moreover, Altschuler et al. (2007)

further added that it is also possible that participants werenot given cinnamon

for a long enough duration. Because

90 days is less than the

full 120 days lifespan of red bloodcells, perhaps this shorterduration contributed to a false-

negative result.In summary, this study provides evidence that cinna-

mon is effective in decreasing glucose level and lipids le-vel among Type 1 diabetic individuals. Coupled with otherrecent research, our results demonstrate positive effecton decreasing fasting blood glucose and lipids level intro-duces significant remarks regarding the

efficacy of cinna-

mon in diabetic subjects. In the light of this research, it isrecommended that diabetic individuals should use cinna-mon in their food preparations on regular basis. This willkeep their sugar level and lipids level near to normalvalues.

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