Effects of Binaural Stimulation in Attention and EEG Crespo 2012 Paper Para Archives of Acoustics 1

8/11/2019 Effects of Binaural Stimulation in Attention and EEG Crespo 2012 Paper Para Archives of Acoustics 1

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EFFECTS OF BINAURAL STIMULATION IN ATTENTION AND EEG

Adela Crespo1, Manuel Recuero1, Gerardo Galve1,!, Adr"#n Be$o%a1

1Centro de Acstica Aplicada y Evaluacin no Destructiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas(CAED!CSIC" C# Serrano 1$$, %&'' ! )adrid (Spain"

adela*crespo+csic*esanuel*recuero+up*esgerardo*galve-+csic*esadrian*.egona+csic*es

%Centro de /ecnologa 0iodica, 2niversidad 3olitcnica de )adrid (C/0!23)"Capus de )ontegancedo 4 %&%%5 ! 3o-uelo de Alarcn (Spain"

gerardo*galve-+ct.*up*es

/6is paper 7as su.itted at t6e 8III I.ero! Aerican Acoustic Congress 6eld on 9cto.er 5 in

E.ora (3ortugal"

A&s'rac'

:6en t7o pure tones of slig6tly different fre;uency are presented separately to eac6 ear, t6e

listener perceives a t6ird single tone 7it6 aplitude variations at a fre;uency t6at e;uals t6e

difference .et7een t6e t7o tones, t6is perceptual illusion is s are a c6eap tec6nology (it even e?ists a free open source

prograa.le .inaural!.eat generator on t6e internet naed =naural", any ac6ieveent in t6is

1
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Adela Crespo, )anuel @ecuero, =erardo =lve-, Adrin 0egoBa

area could .e of pu.lic interest* /6e ai in our researc6 7as to e?plore t6e potential of 00>s in

a particular field tas


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Acstica %'1%, 1 a 5 de 9utu.ro, Gvora, 3ortugal

grove located in t6e .rainste is responsi.le for interpreting t6e p6ase difference, 76at is

called .inaural tone (9ster, 1F5"* Hor e?aple if 7e issue a 11' - tone in t6e rig6t ear andanot6er 11 in t6e left ear, t6e p6ase difference .et7een t6e t7o .e -, t6is is t6e .inaural

tone (ane et al*, 1FF&"*

/6e a.ility of a 6uan to 6ear .inaural .eats sees to .e a result of evolutionary assiilation*

)any advanced species can detect .inaural .eats, depending on a s


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syste odifies t6e activity of .rain 7aves, adjusting t6ese to t6e fre;uency .inaural tone* /6is

is a natural function of 6oeostasis* /6e .rain regulates autoatic .ody functions to aintain

6oeostasis* /6e reticular syste tries to aintain 6oeostasis in a natural 7ay, controlling

and aintaining sustaina.le states of .rain 7ave activity all t6e tie (unless you get e?ternal or

internal inforation"* /6an


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C* Jaspr-a< (%'11", e?perient t6e effect of a .inaural 7ave in %' su.jects (Jaspr-a


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oe7or< 3ro.le C6ect fins significant

attention results despite t6efeedbackfro parent 7as very positive (Jennel et al*, %'1'"*

/6ere 7ere siilar studies found positive results on attention tass in

a particular field tas


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!-! Se''"n$ a Saple

Experiment A :e recruit M' general pu.lic fro )adrid, included en and 7oen (%&

feales and 5% alesK ean (Os*d*" age %&*FO$*5 years" 76o 7ere naive to .inaural .eat

stiulation and 76o consented to participate* E?clusion criteria 7ere neurological disease and

left 6anded* /6ey 7ere infored a.out t6e general goal of t6e researc6 and rules of t6eir

particular e?perient, and copleted an audioetric test to assure t6ey suffered no ajor

6earing loss*

Experiment B:7e recruit 1& general pu.lic fro )adrid ( feales and 15 ales, age %M*MO,

$F years", 76o 7ere naive to .inaural .eat stiulation and 76o consented to participate*

E?clusion criteria 7ere neurological disease, rig6t 6anded* /6ey 7ere infored a.out t6e

general goal of t6e researc6 and rules of t6eir particular e?perient, and copleted an

audioetric test to assure t6ey suffered no ajor 6earing loss*

!-/ rocedures

E3per"en' A 3articipants 7ere .lindly allocated to one of t6ree groups according to a

predeterined coputer!generated rando se;uence* /6ey listened for %' inutes via

standard 6eadp6ones to a coercial .inaural audio .eat (0inaural coercial =roup, nP%'",an identical soundtrac< 7it6out t6ese tones (3lace.o =roup, nP%'", or a self!ade audio

including several layers of 00>s (0inaural e?periental =roup, nP%'"* /6e coercial .eat

audio 6ad t6e 00>s e.edded in a fluctuating pin< noise t6at 7as used also in t6e self!ade

audio (t6at noise 7as all t6e 3lace.o =roup listened to"* All 7ere instructed to rela? and listen

7it6 closed eyes in a coforta.le position* After %' inutes t6e participants 7ere as


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open t6eir eyes and, 7it6out reoving t6e 6eadp6ones, 7ere re;uested to coplete t6ree

different tas


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!-. Ins'ruen'a'"on

!-.-1 S'"ula'"on

%' in stiulation 7it6 sapling fre;uency of $$1'' and 1M .its* /6e coercial audio

consist on % .inaural .eats on t6eta ($ -" and .eta (1M -" at %'' - and %' - carrier

tones 7it6 15d0 dynaic range, self! ade audio consist on $ .inaural .eats in t6eta ($-" at

1'' -, %'' -, %' - and 5'' - carrier tones 7it6 anot6er four .inaural .eats in .eta (1M

-" at '' -, M' -, ' - and F'' - carrier tones 7it6 1&d0 dynaic range, 7e select

t6ose particular fre;uencies of t6e .inaural tones .ecause 7e 7ant to test t6e effects of

coercial audio aied at iproving concentration and t6is 7or


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!-.-! EEG

EE= 7as recorded .y a 0rainvision 0rainap EE= at %F scalp points (International 1'#%'syste" 7it6 siultaneous registration of EC= during %' in* Sapling rate 7as 1''' -*

)id!fore6ead electrode 7as t6e ground and uprep crea 7as placed on eac6 electrode*

Spectral analysis of t6e EE= 7as calculated offline* A 5'!second tie interval free of artifacts

7as e?tracted fro t6e .aseline resting state and at , 1', 1 and %' inutes of listening* /6e

e?tracted intervals 7ere notc6!filtered at ' - and .and pass filtered .et7een 1 and ' -*

EE= po7er 7as coputed .y HH/ for t6e follo7ing fre;uency .ands delta (1!$ -", t6eta ($!

& -", alp6a (&!1% -", .eta (1%!5' -", gaa (5'!$' -", and for t7o narro7 .ands ('*%

- 7idt6" centered in $ - and 1M -* Entrainent 7as defined for every .and and electrode

as t6e ratio of po7er .et7een stiulation and pre stiulation (.aseline"*

/6erefore, 7e calculated four atri?es of %F? entrainent values for every su.ject in t6e

e?perient*

As t6e nu.er of entrainent values 7as very 6ig6 (%F electrodes ? .ands ? $ oents", 7e

considered significant a Qp>R'*'1, in order to inii-e type I errors* A non!paraetric

Jrus


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siilarities and differences principles* /6is type of testing 6ave .een s6o7n positive

correlations 7it6 general intelligence(@epara- et al*,"*

Consist on M' grap6ic eleents, in .loc


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/a.le % Statistic Analysis @esults

Test PlaceboBinaural

commercial group

Binaural

experimental groupp

ercep'"on o4

d"44erences

Score 1* O M*F $F*M O M*M $F*1 O *F '*%6 d"$"'

@eading tie 1F*M O 5* %1* O *' 1F*$ O 5*M '*5M

Counting tie %'*F O %* %1*F O 5*5 %'*F O 5*$ '*5&

Election tie 51*F O *' 51*5 O $* %F*' O $*F '*$5

Alternation tie 5*% O F*1 5&*M O *' 5*% O *5 '*%5

EMA57!

In6i.ition 1%*5 O M* F*& O * F* O $*5 '*$Hle?i.ility 1* O &*5 1*1 O * 1* O *1 '*

Experiment B:As t6e nu.er of entrainent values 7as very 6ig6 (%F electrodes ? .ands ?

$ oents", 7e considered significant Qp>R'*'1, in order to inii-e type I errors* A non!

paraetric Jrus


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Commercial Audio

/a.le 5 Entrainent at 6 "n(Commercial Audio"* Jrus


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/a.le $ Entrainent at 18 "n(Commercial Audio"* Jrus


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Hp% ',% ',' ',1 ',F% ',1% ',F% ',M'H5 ', ',$M ',' ',F% ',$M ', ',M'

H$ ', ', ','5 ',F% ',% ', ',$MC5 ',1 ','5 ','5 ',$M ',F% ',' ',5C$ ',$M ',' ',' ',$M ',M' ',' ',$M35 ','5 ',' ','5 ',F% ',1 ',1% ','3$ ','5 ','5 ','5 ',F% ',% ',' ',$M91 ',' ','5 ',' ',F% ',1% ',1% ','59% ','& ','& ','& ',MF ',1$ ',1$ ',&FH ',M' ',% ',1% ',5 ', ',M' ',M'H& ',M' ',% ',1% ',5 ', ',M' ',M'/ ',% ',' ',' ',5 ',F% ',1 ',/& ',% ',' ',1% ', ', ',' ',$M

3 ',' ',' ',' ',F% ',1% ',' ',1%3& ',' ',' ',' ',M' ',1% ',' ',F%H- ',M' ',M' ',' ',$M ', ', ',5C- ',% ',' ',' ',1 ',F% ',$M ',F%3- ','5 ','5 ','5 ',% ',1% ',' ',5

HC1 ',F% ',' ',' ',$M ',' ','5 ',F%HC% ', ',5 ',' ',F% ', ',% ',C31 ',1% ','5 ','5 ',M' ',' ',1% ','C3% ',' ','5 ','5 ',1% ',$M ',1% ',5HC ',% ',$M ',' ',$M ',% ',5 ',F%HCM ',$M ',5 ','5 ', ',$M ', ',%

C3 ',' ',' ','5 ', ',' ',1% ',1%C3M ',' ',' ','5 ', ',' ',1% ',1%/3F ',1% ',5 ','5 ',5 ',' ',1% ',F%

/31' ',% ',' ','5 ',5 ',5 ',' ',

/a.le M Entrainent at !8 "n 9 4"nal(Commercial Audio"* Jrus


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35 ',' ',1 ',1% ',$M ', ',1% ',13$ ',' ',' ',1% ',% ',F% ',1% ',91 ',' ',1% ',1% ',1% ',M' ',1% ',M'

9% ','& ','& ',1$ ','& ',MF ','& ','H ',F% ',F% ',% ',F% ',1 ',5 ','H& ',F% ',F% ',% ',F% ',1 ',5 ','/ ',M' ',$M ',1 ',M' ',M' ','5 ',5/& ',$M ',% ',$M ', ',F% ',$M ',$M3 ',' ',1% ',1 ',1 ',$M ',' ',F%3& ',1 ',' ',1% ',$M ',M' ',1% ',H- ', ',F% ',5 ',M' ', ',M' ',5C- ', ',1 ',1% ',% ',F% ',$M ',%3- ',' ','5 ',' ',5 ',$M ',' ',5

HC1 ',5 ','5 ',M' ',' ',M' ','5 ','5

HC% ',5 ',F% ',1% ', ',$M ',F% ',5C31 ',$M ',1% ',' ',F% ',F% ',1% ',%C3% ',1 ',' ',1% ',F% ', ',1% ',HC ', ', ',5 ',F% ',F% ',1 ',5HCM ', ',F% ',5 ',F% ',F% ',F% ',C3 ',% ',% ',1 ',F% ',M' ',1% ',F%C3M ',% ',% ',1 ',F% ',M' ',1% ',F%/3F ',1 ',5 ',' ',1 ',$M ',1 ',%

/31' ',1% ',% ','5 ', ', ',1% ',M'

Self-made Audio

/a.le Entrainent at 6 "n(Self-made Audio"* Jrus


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H& ',$M ',F% ',$M ',5 ',5 ', ',5/ ', ',M' ',$M ',M' ',F% ',5 ',%

/& ', ',$M ',M' ',F% ',M' ',F% ',F%3 ',5 ',$M ',% ',F% ',1 ',$M ',$M3& ',5 ',F% ',F% ',$M ',1 ',F% ',M'H- ',$M ',1 ',$M ',' ','5 ',M' ',5C- ',F% ',5 ',5 ',1 ','5 ',5 ',13- ',1% ',5 ',% ',$M ',1 ',$M ',%

HC1 ',5 ',F% ',$M ','5 ',% ','5 ',%HC% ',1% ',1% ',$M ',1 ',' ',' ',C31 ', ',1 ',% ',$M ',' ', ',%C3% ',M' ',$M ',5 ', ',' ',F% ',HC ',5 ', ',M' ',% ',% ',' ',$M

HCM ',5 ',$M ',F% ', ',F% ',1% ',M'CP5 ',5 ',5 ',% ',F% ',1 ',$M ',5CP6 ',5 ',5 ',% ',F% ',1 ',$M ',5TP9 ',F% ',M' ',M' ',F% ',' ',$M ',$M

TP10 ',$M ',M' ',M' ', ',M' ', ',

/a.le & Entrainent at 18 "n(Self-made Audio"* Jrus


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3- ',% ', ',F% ',M' ',% ', ',F%HC1 ', ',M' ',F% ', ',% ',% ',HC% ',5 ',$M ',M' ',M' ',' ',% ',F%

C31 ',F% ', ',F% ', ',1 ', ',C3% ', ',M' ',F% ',M' ',1% ',M' ',F%HC ',M' ',$M ',% ',' ',5 ',M' ',%HCM ',5 ',F% ',M' ',F% ',% ',F% ',F%C3 ',1% ',M' ',1% ',F% ',' ', ',$MC3M ',1% ',M' ',1% ',F% ',' ', ',$M/3F ',' ',M' ',1% ', ',% ', ',$M

/31' ',% ',F% ',5 ',M' ',M' ',M' ',5

/a.le F Entrainent at 16 "n(Self-made Audio"* Jrus


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Placebo Audio

/a.le 11 Entrainent at 6 "n(Placebo audio"* Jrus


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/a.le 1% Entrainent at 18 "n(Placebo audio"* Jrus


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Delta

/6eta

Alp6a0eta

=aaarro7 $

-arro7 1$

-Hp1 ',F% ',5 ',M' ',1 ',F% ',1% ',5

Hp% ',M' ',5 ', ',5 ',M' ',' ',1%H5 ',5 ',% ',$M ','5 ',5 ',M' ','5H$ ', ',% ', ',1 ',% ',$M ','5C5 ',$M ',1% ',% ',5 ',1 ',% ',5C$ ',1 ',' ',F% ',1 ', ', ','35 ',F% ',1% ',' ',' ',1 ',% ',$M3$ ',5 ',' ',' ',' ',% ',$M ','591 ',$M ',1 ',' ',' ',1 ',1 ',$M9% ',1% ',%1 ','$ ','% ','1 ',M ',$&H ',5 ',5 ',5 ',1 ', ', ',%H& ',5 ',5 ',5 ',1 ', ', ',%

/ ',M' ',% ',$M ',M' ',F% ', ',%/& ', ',' ',M' ',F% ',% ', ',3 ',F% ',1 ',' ',1 ',1% ',1% ','3& ',5 ',1 ',' ',' ',1% ',F% ','5H- ',$M ',% ',F% ',1% ',F% ', ','C- ', ',5 ',$M ',' ',F% ',% ','53- ',% ',' ',' ',' ',1% ',1% ',5

HC1 ', ',5 ',5 ',F% ',F% ',$M ',M'HC% ',F% ',5 ',F% ', ',5 ',F% ',1%C31 ',F% ',1 ','5 ',1% ',1% ',1 ','C3% ',F% ',% ',' ',% ',F% ',1% ',%

HC ',5 ',1 ',5 ',1% ',1% ',$M ',%HCM ',5 ',% ',F% ',5 ',5 ',F% ','C3 ',$M ',' ',' ',M' ',$M ',1% ',5C3M ',$M ',' ',' ',M' ',$M ',1% ',5/3F ',5 ',1 ',' ',$M ',1% ',5 ','

/31' ',% ',1 ',5 ',1 ', ',M' ','

/a.le 1$ Entrainent at !8 "n 9 4"nal(Placebo audio"* Jrus


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C5 ',F% ',1% ', ',F% ', ', ',C$ ',$M ',1 ',$M ',M' ',F% ',F% ',M'

35 ',M' ',% ',5 ',$M ',1% ',F% ',$M3$ ',5 ',% ',1 ',5 ',1 ', ',$M91 ',F% ',M' ',1 ',$M ',1% ', ',59% ',& ',$& ','F ',M ','5 1,'' ',MH ',F% ',1% ',$M ',' ',F% ',M' ',5H& ',F% ',1% ',$M ',' ',F% ',M' ',5/ ',F% ',M' ',$M ',M' ',% ',F% ',$M/& ',5 ',5 ',5 ',% ',% ',F% ',%3 ',5 ',5 ',% ',$M ',1 ',F% ',$M3& ',5 ',$M ',1 ',M' ',1% ', ',F%H- ',$M ',$M ',F% ',1 ',5 ',F% ',$M

C- ',$M ',5 ',1% ',' ',M' ',$M ','53- ',5 ',$M ',% ',5 ',% ', ',HC1 ',M' ',5 ',5 ', ',F% ',F% ',1%HC% ', ',M' ', ', ',% ',F% ',M'C31 ',$M ',5 ',% ',1 ',' ',M' ',F%C3% ',$M ',5 ',% ',% ',1% ', ',HC ',$M ',$M ', ',$M ',% ', ',$MHCM ',F% ',% ',F% ',M' ',F% ',F% ',M'C3 ',F% ',1% ',5 ', ', ', ',F%C3M ',F% ',1% ',5 ', ', ', ',F%/3F ',F% ', ',% ', ', ',M' ',$M

/31' ', ',% ',% ',5 ',M' ',F% ',

. D"scuss"on

In t6is paper effects of coercially availa.le 00>s and a self!ade stiulation 7ere

e?ained* :e could not found any significant difference in t6e cognitive tests* /6is ay .e due

to several factors .ecause t6e 7rong types of cognitive tas< 7ere used, ay also .e due to t6e

s6ort duration of stiulation* It is true t6at t6e tests used in t6is study did not cover t6e 76ole

%5


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spectru of cognitive tas


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.* 0aruNs I* (%''1", T(e Art of Science : Science of t(e +uture in ,ig(t of, Vournal of ScientificE?ploration, 16, 1, 4M&*

c* Hoster D* S* (1FF'", !!) and Subecti"e Correlates of Alp(a-+re.uenc Binaural-BeatStimulation Combined /it( Alp(a Biofeedback, 145$*

d* Jaspr-a< C* (%'11",0nfluence of Binaural Beats on !!) Signal, Acta H6ysica 3olonica, 11;, F&M4FF'*

e* Jennel S*, /aylor A* =*, yon D*, 0ourguignon C* (%'1'", Pilot +easibilit Stud of BinauralAuditor Beats for 1educing Smptoms of 0nattention in C(ildren and Adolescents /it( Attention-%eficit23peracti"it %isorder, Vournal of pediatric nursing, !6, 1, 5411*

f* ane V* D*, Jasian S* V*, 97ens V* E*, )ars6 =* @* (1FF&", Binaural Auditor Beats Affect4igilance Performance and 5ood, 36ysiology W 0e6avior, 0/, %, %$F4%%*

g* avallee C* H*, Joren S* A*, 3ersinger )* A* (%'11", A 6uantitati"e !lectroencep(alograp(icStud of 5editation and Binaural Beat !ntrainment, /6e Vournal of Alternative andCopleentary )edicine, 1

Effects of Binaural Stimulation in Attention and EEG Crespo 2012 Paper Para Archives of Acoustics 1

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Transcript of Effects of Binaural Stimulation in Attention and EEG Crespo 2012 Paper Para Archives of Acoustics 1