Effectiveness of Milieu Therapy to Patients as Perceived by the Nursing Students Assigned at the...

8/11/2019 Effectiveness of Milieu Therapy to Patients as Perceived by the Nursing Students Assigned at the Cavite Center fo

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EFFECTIVENESS OF MILIEU THERAPY TO PATIENTS AS PERCEIVEDBY THE NURSING STUDENTS ASSIGNED AT THE

CAVITE CENTER FOR MENTAL HEALTH

An Undergraduate Researc Pr!"!sa#Presented t!

te Facu#t$ !% te Sc!!# !% Nurs&ngE'&! Agu&na#d! C!##ege

Das'ar&(as) Ca*&te

In Part&a# Fu#%#'ent

!% te Re+u&re'ents %!r te DegreeBace#!r !% Sc&ence &n Nurs&ng

Car#!s) Seena V,Ca$as) Bernadette A,

Ge##ecana!) Bet!*een -ane C,Mana.at) Sara C&e# A,

Ped#aga) -!ssa R!'a V,

-anuar$ /010


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THESIS ABSTRACT

THESIS TITLE: EFFECTIVENESS OF MILIEU THERAPY TO PATIENTS AS

PERCEIVED BY TRHE NURSING STUDENTS ASSIGNED

AT THE CAVITE CENTER FOR MENTAL HEALTH

Aut!rs2 Sheena V. Carlos

Bernae!!e A. Ca"as

Be!ho#een $ane C. Gelle%anao

Sarah C&el E. Mana'a!

$ossa Ro(a V. Pe&lla)a

Ad*&ser: Mar&a La&lan& D. Lla(as RM* RN

Th&s s!+" a&(e !o e!er(&ne !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o

(en!al -a!&en!s as -er%ee '" !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s ass&)ne a! !he Ca#&!e

Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h CCMH/.

S-e%&,&%all"* !he s!+" so+)h! !o ans0er !he ,ollo0&n) 1+es!&ons:

2. 3ha! are !he e(o)ra-h&% -ro,&le o, !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s as !o:

2.2 A)e

2.4 Gener

2.5 B&r!h orer

2.6 T"-e o, !hera-" -ra%!&%e


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4. 3ha! are !he -er%ee e,,e%!s o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o (en!al -a!&en!s7

5. Is !here a s&)n&,&%an! rela!&onsh&- 'e!0een !he e(o)ra-h&% -ro,&le o, !he

n+rs&n) s!+en!s an !he&r -er%e-!&on on !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+

!hera-" !o (en!al -a!&en!s7

H$"!tes&s

There &s no s&)n&,&%an! rela!&onsh&- 'e!0een !he e(o)ra-h&% -ro,&le o, !he

n+rs&n) s!+en!s an !he&r -er%e-!&on on !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o

(en!al -a!&en!s a! !he Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h.

Researc Des&gn

Th&s resear%h s!+" +!&l&8e !he es%r&-!e resear%h es&)n. Th&s (e!ho

-ro#&e 'o!h !he 1+al&!a!e an 1+an!&!a!e es%r&-!&on o, !he )eneral

%hara%!er&s!&%s o, !he )ro+- +ner s!+". I! &s also !he (os! a--ro-r&a!e (e!ho

!o +se !o o'!a&n ae1+a!e an a%%+ra!e &n!er-re!a!&on o, !he a!a )a!here ,or

!h&s resear%h.

Su''ar$ !% F&nd&ngs

The ,&n&n)s o, !he s!+" 0ere !he ,ollo0&n): !ha! 96 n+rs&n) s!+en!s

4.;42 "ears? ;


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C!nc#us&!ns

Base on !he ,&n&n)s o, !he s!+"* !he resear%hers arre a! !he ,ollo0&n)

%on%l+s&ons:

2. The n+rs&n) s!+en!>res-onen!s 0ere (os!l" 2; !o 42 "ears ol? !he

n+('er o, ,e(ale 'e&n) a lo! )rea!er !han (ale res-onen!s? +s+all"

2s!or 4n&n s&'l&n) -os&!&on an 0ere a'le !o -ra%!&%e all !"-es o, (&l&e+

!hera-" !o -a!&en!s a! !he Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h.4. Maor&!" o, !he res-onen!s -er%ee (&l&e+ !hera-" as a (oera!el"

e,,e%!e !"-e o, !rea!(en! !o -a!&en!s a! !he Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al

Heal!h.5. There &s no s&)n&,&%an! rela!&onsh&- 'e!0een !he e(o)ra-h&% -ro,&le o,

!he n+rs&n) s!+en!s an !he&r -er%e-!&ons on !he e,,e%!eness o,

(&l&e+ !hera-" !o -a!&en!s a! !he Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h.

Rec!''endat&!ns

In l&e+ o, !he a'o#e(en!&one %on%l+s&ons* !he ,ollo0&n) re%o((ena!&ons

are -ro-ose:

2. School of Nursing and Midwifery. The %l&n&%al &ns!r+%!ors an ,a%+l!"

(e('ers o, !he S%hool o, N+rs&n) an M&0&,er" sho+l %ons&er !he

,&n&n)s o, !h&s s!+" !o enhan%e !he !he&r s+-er#&sor" s&lls an

&(-ro#e !he&r (e!ho o, &ns!r+%!&ons so !ha! !he" 0o+l 'e a'le !o

e+%a!e an )+&e !he s!+en!s alon) !he &,,eren! as-e%!s o, !he

n+rs&n) -ro,ess&on? ena'l&n) !he( !o 'e%o(e 0ell !ra&ne* %o(-e!en!*

s&ll,+l an %o(-e!&!e n+rses &n !he ,+!+re.


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E,,or!s sho+l also 'e (ae '" !he S%hool o, N+rs&n) an

M&0&,er" !o enhan%e !he N+rs&n) %+rr&%+l+( &re%!e !o0ars ena'l&n)

!he s!+en!s !o +ner!ae hos-&!al +!&es a! #ar&o+s (en!al ,a%&l&!&es !o

e-ose an !ra&n !he( on !he &,,eren! (e!hos o, !rea!(en! ,or (en!al

-a!&en!s an %on+%! (ore res-ons&'&l&!&es as n+rs&n) a--ren!&%es !o

'+&l +- !he&r %are>)&n) a!!&!+es !o &(-ro#e !he&r n+rs&n) s&lls an

%o(-e!en%&es an e#elo- !he&r so%&al an 'eha#&oral a!!&!+es

!o0ars -eers an -a!&en!s al&e

4. Student Nurse. The s!+en! n+rse &n#ol#e &n !he s!+" sho+l !ae

so(e &n&!&a!e !o learn !he s&lls* !heor&es an s&lls &n#ol#e &n !he

%on+%! o, a -ar!&%+lar learn&n) -ro)ra( so !ha! heshe %an -+! her

no0le)e &n!o -ra%!&%e. There'" 'e%o(&n) a %a-a'le re-resen!a!e

o, her ,&el !o hel- an ass&s! &n (e&%al an n+rs&n) ser#&%es &n !he

%o((+n&!".

5.Students and Researchers

. F+!+re resear%hes sho+l 'e e-lore

!hro+)h re-l&%a!&on or e-ans&on o, !h&s s!+" allo0&n) ,or a 'e!!er

re-resen!a!&on o, e(o)ra-h&%s !o &n%l+e s+%h %hara%!er&s!&%s as !he

s!+en!s Grae Po&n! A#era)e GPA/ an e-os+re !o o!her

!rea!(en!s ,or (en!al -a!&en!s. L&e0&se* ,+!+re s!+&es +!&l&8&n)

s!+en!s ,ro( o!her %olle)es an +ners&!&es o,,er&n) !he sa(e

-ro)ra( sho+l 'e %ons&ere.

Ca"ter One

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING


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Intr!duct&!n

In !he -as!* !he s+'e%! o, (en!al &llness 0as s+rro+ne 0&!h ("s!er" an

,ear. Toa" ho0e#er* !he (en!al heal!h se%!or ha#e (ae !re(eno+s -ro)ress

&n +ners!an&n) an* es-e%&all"* &n !he a'&l&!" !o o,,er e,,e%!e !rea!(en!s. These

&(-ro#e(en!s an a#an%e(en!s hel-e &n eras&n) !he s!&)(a !&e !o (en!al

&llnesses. On !he ,ore,ron! o, !hese !rea!(en!s &s (&l&e+ !hera-".

M&l&e+ &s a Fren%h !er( ,or (&le -la%e or a (&le )ro+n? s!&ll* o!hers

es%r&'e &! as a l&,e s-a%e No!es* 4@@/. As e,&ne '" 3&&-e&a 4@@/* (&l&e+

!hera-" &s a -lanne !rea!(en! en#&ron(en! &n 0h&%h e#er" a" e#en!s an

&n!era%!&ons are !hera-e+!&%all" es&)ne ,or !he -+r-ose o, enhan%&n) so%&al

s&lls an '+&l&n) %on,&en%e. The (&l&e+ -ro#&es a sa,e en#&ron(en! !ha! &s

r&%h 0&!h so%&al o--or!+n&!&es an &((e&a!e ,ee'a% ,ro( %ar&n) s!a,,. The

(&l&e+ &s no! s!a!&% '+! &! &s ,le&'le an ,ea!+res nor(al&8&n) an e#elo-(en!al

-ers-e%!es !ha! +se %o((on s!r+%!+res ,a(&l&ar !o all -eo-le* s+%h as a&l"

ro+!&nes* %ons&s!en! r+les an a%!&!&es.

M&l&e+ !hera-" &s a ,or( o, -s"%ho!hera-". I! &s +se '" -s"%holo)&s!s an

o!her heal!h -ro,ess&onals 0ho 'el&e#e s+--or! an en%o+ra)e(en! are !he e"

as-e%!s o, !hera-e+!&% s+%%ess. #&r!+al(e&%al%en!re.%o((e&%alJ&%!&onar"*

4@@/. I! &s es&)ne !o -ro#&e a se%+re re!rea! ,or -ersons 0hose %a-a%&!&es ,or

%o-&n) 0&!h real&!" ha#e e!er&ora!e an o,,ers o--or!+n&!&es !o a%1+&re aa-!e

%o-&n) s&lls 0h&le le!!&n) !he -a!&en! !es! !hese ne0 %o-&n) s&lls &n a se%+re*

%o(,or!a'le -h"s&%al ,a%&l&!". M&l&e+ -ro#&es re%rea!&onal* o%%+-a!&onal* so%&al*

-s"%h&a!r&%* (e&%al an n+rs&n) !hera-&es. L&e0&se* &! -ro!e%!s an shel!ers !he
http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/glossary.asp?centre=&termid=2218http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/glossary.asp?centre=&termid=2218


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-a!&en! ,ro( -er%ee -a&n* !err&,"&n) s!ressors* or ,ro( !he&r o0n or o!hers

(alaa-!e 'eha#&or No!es* 4@@/.

For>Mar!&n 4@@/ asser!e !ha! !he )ro0&n) -o-+lar&!" o, (&l&e+ !hera-&es

a! -s"%h&a!r&% &ns!&!+!&ons &n !he !0en!&e!h %en!+r" 0as an &(-or!an! ,a%!or &n !he

e#elo-(en! o, re%rea!&onal an ar! !hera-". A%!&!&es !ha! en%o+ra)e sel,>

&s%o#er" an e(-o0er(en! s+%h as ar!* (+s&%* an%e* 0r&!&n) an -la" are

&(-or!an! %o(-onen!s o, !h&s a--roa%h.

Th&s resear%h 0as (ean! !o as%er!a&n !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-"*

s-e%&,&%all" ar!* s&n)&n)* an%&n)* -la")a(es an ,oo -re-ara!&on%oo&n)

!hera-"* !o (en!al -a!&en!s a! !he Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h lo%a!e a!

Tre%e Mar!&res C&!" &n !he -ro#&n%e o, Ca#&!e* as -er%ee '" !he n+rs&n)

s!+en!s ass&)ne a! !he ,a%&l&!".

Bac3gr!und !% te Stud$

The Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h &s an e!ens&on o, !he Na!&onal Cen!er

,or Men!al Heal!h. The hos-&!al 0as es!a'l&she as an &ne-enen! en!&!" +ner

Resol+!&on No. 44S>4@@@ '" !he San))+n&an) Panlala0&)an an a--ro#e '"

!he )o#ernor on Ma" @* 4@@@.

P+rs+an! !o !he M&n&s!r" Orer No. 9 ser&es o, 2;* !he Ps"%h&a!r&% Un&!

0as ae !o !he or&)&nal 0ar an a(&n&s!ra!&on '+&l&n). I! has e-ane

s&n%e !hen* 0&!h ser#&%es %o#er&n) ele#en 22/ -ro#&n%es an e&)h! / %&!&es o,

Re)&on IV. I!s -ro)ra(s &n%l+e o%%+-a!&onal* re%rea!&onal* reha'&l&!a!e* s-&r&!+al

an %+ra!e !rea!(en!s.


9/68

For !he -as! "ears* !he hos-&!al has 'een a%%o((oa!&n) n+rs&n)

s!+en!s ,ro( %olle)es an +ners&!&es na!&on0&e 0ho are re1+&re '" !he

s%hools !o allo%a!e -ar! o, !he a%ae(&% -er&o !o %on+%! %o((+n&!" ser#&%e as

-ar! o, !he %+rr&%+l+(s !ra&n&n) -ro)ra(s.

Se#en!" > one ;2/ ,o+r!h "ear n+rs&n) s!+en!s ,ro( !h&s Colle)e* +ner

!he )+&an%e o, Cl&n&%al Ins!r+%!ors an s+-er#&s&on o, !he hos-&!al s!a,,* ha#e

'een %on+%!&n) (&l&e+ a%!&!&es 0&!h !he -a!&en!s o, !he (en!al ,a%&l&!". All ha#e

'een -ra%!&%&n) ar!* s&n)&n)* an%&n)* -la")a(es an ,oo -re-ara!&on%oo&n)

!hera-&es.

On !h&s 'a%)ro+n* !he resear%hers ee(e &! s&)n&,&%an! !o as%er!a&n !he

-er%e-!&on o, !he s!+en!s %+rren!l" rener&n) !ra&n&n) a! !he ,a%&l&!" a'o+! !he

e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" on (en!al -a!&en!s.

THEORETICAL FRAME4OR5

The %on%e-! o, sel,>e,,&%a%" 0as +se as !he ,ra(e0or ,or !h&s s!+". To

'r&e,l" e-la&n* sel,>e,,&%a%" &s a Theor" o, Mo!a!&on. I! hols !ha! oneKs

(o!a!&on !o ena%! a 'eha#&or &s !&e !o !he e-e%!an%" !ha! !he 'eha#&or 0&ll

-ro+%e a -ar!&%+lar o+!%o(e.

Moreo#er* &, one es&res !he o+!%o(e an 'el&e#es he or she &s %a-a'le o,

!he 'eha#&or !o -ro+%e &!* !hen !he &n&+al 0&ll 'e (ore l&el" !o -ers&s! a! !he

'eha#&or. T0o &(-or!an! as-e%!s o, sel,>e,,&%a%" are !ha! &! &s )enerall" !ho+)h! o,

as !as s-e%&,&% an !ha! &! %an 'e (o&,&e. Sel,>e,,&%a%" rela!e !o a !as %an 'e

&n%rease '" s+%%ess a! -er,or(&n) !he s&ll as 0ell as see&n) o!hers role (oel

s+%%ess a! !he !as. Sel,>e,,&%a%" %an also 'e 'oos!e 0hen s!a,, -ro#&es #er'al


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,ee'a% !o !he -erson !ha! he or she oes -ossess !he a'&l&!" !o -er,or( a

s-e%&,&% s&ll Ban+ra* 2/.

Us&n) !he !heor" as a 'as&s ,or !h&s s!+"* &! ass+(e !ha! !he n+rs&n)

s!+en!>res-onen!s -er%e-!&on on !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o (en!al

-a!&en!s a! !he Ca#&!e %en!er ,or (en!al heal!h &s a,,e%!e '" !he&r -ersonal

%hara%!er&s!&%s* !he( 'e&n) a -ar! o, !he (&l&e+ )ro+-. The -ersonal

%hara%!er&s!&%s &n%l+e !he n+rs&n) s!+en!> res-onen!s a)e* )ener an '&r!h

orer.

Th+s* !he res-onen!s -er%e-!&on on !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o

(en!al -a!&en!s &s &n,l+en%e '" a)e an '&r!h orer &n !he sense !ha! &! &s o,!en

ass+(e !ha! oler -eo-le an !hose 0ho are ,&rs! 'orn are (ore l&el" !o 'e

(ore %o(-ass&ona!e* +ners!an&n)* o-en !o 0e&)h&n) -oss&'&l&!&es an

-o!en!&als an nor a%! rashl" 'e%a+se* (ore o,!en !han no!* !he" are (o!a!e !o

o so '" !he e-e%!a!&ons o, !he&r -aren!s an !he ,a%! !ha! !he" !en !o se! an

ea(-le !o "o+n)er s&'l&n)s a(on) o!hers? an* !here,ore* &s (ore l&el" !o #&e0

!he e,,e%!eness o, !he !hera-" on a -os&!e l&)h!.

Mean0h&le* !hose 0ho are "o+n)er &n a)e an "o+n)es! &n '&r!h orer are

!ho+)h! o, !o 'e a '&! s+'e%!e &n !he&r o-&n&ons or -er%e-!&ons o, a -ar!&%+lar

%on&!&on or s&!+a!&on. M&le %h&lren* on !he o!her han* are )enerall" !ho+)h! o,

as ha#&n) !he&r o0n (&nse!* e&!her lean&n) on !he e(o!&onal or !he -ra%!&%al s&e*

!he&r o-&n&on &s !he -ro+%! o, "ears o, )ro0&n) +- !r"&n) !o 'e a! -ar* &, no!

s+r-ass* !he a%h&e#e(en!s o, !he oler s&'l&n) an a! !he sa(e !&(e %ra#&n) !he

a!!en!&on )en !o !he "o+n)er ones.


11/68

On !he o!her han* &n !er(s o, )ener* ,e(ale are !ho+)h! (ore l&el" !o

'e s0a"e '" e(o!&ons !han !he&r (ale %o+n!er-ar!s* !h+s* (ale res-onen!s are

e-e%!e !o 'e (ore o'e%!e an !he ,e(ale* (ore s+'e%!e* &n !he&r

-er%e-!&ons o, !he (a!!er a! han.

Researc Parad&g'

Ine-enen! Var&a'les De-enen! Var&a'les

F&)+re2. The Var&a'les an !he&r Rela!&onsh&-

State'ent !% te Pr!.#e'

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

OF NURSING STUDENTS

2.2. A)e

2.4. Gener

2.5. B&r!h orer

2.6. T"-e o, !hera-" -ra%!&%e

PERCEPTION OF NURSING

STUDENTS ON THE

EFECTIVENESS OF

MILIEU THERAPY

2. E(o!&onal

4. So%&al

5. Beha#&oral


12/68

In !h&s s!+"* !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o (en!al -a!&en!s as

-er%ee '" !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s ass&)ne a! !he Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al

Heal!h CCMH/ 0as as%er!a&ne.

S-e%&,&%all"* !h&s s!+" ans0ere !he ,ollo0&n) 1+es!&ons:


2.2 A)e

2.4 Gener

2.5 '&r!h orer

2.6 !"-es o, !hera-" -ra%!&%e

4. 3ha! are !he -er%ee e,,e%!s o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o (en!al -a!&en!s7

5. Is !here a s&)n&,&%an! rela!&onsh&- 'e!0een !he e(o)ra-h&% -ro,&le o, !he

n+rs&n) s!+en!s an !he&r -er%e-!&on on !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+

!hera-" !o (en!al -a!&en!s7

H$"!tes&s

There &s no s&)n&,&%an! rela!&onsh&- 'e!0een !he e(o)ra-h&% -ro,&le o, !he

n+rs&n) s!+en!s an !he&r -er%e-!&on on !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o

(en!al -a!&en!s a! !he Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h.

Sc!"e and De#&'&tat&!n

The s!+" ,o%+se on !he -er%e-!&ons o, !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s ass&)ne a!

!he Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h on !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o

-a!&en!s* s-e%&,&%all" ar!* s&n)&n)* an%&n)* -la")a(es an ,oo -re-ara!&on an

%oo&n) !hera-&es.


13/68

I! %o#ere a !o!al o, 9 n+rs&n) s!+en!>res-onen!s ,ro( E(&l&o A)+&nalo

Colle)e &n Das(ar&as* Ca#&!e 0ho renere hos-&!al +!"!ra&n&n) a! !he Ca#&!e

Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h lo%a!e a! Tre%e Mar!&res C&!" &n !he -ro#&n%e o, Ca#&!e.

S&gn&%&cance !% te stud$

Th&s resear%h -ro#&es !he n+rs&n) s!+en!>res-onen!s* heal!h

0orers-ersonnel an -ro,ess&onals* )o#ern(en! o,,&%&als* !he Colle)e* an

resear%hers rele#an! &n,or(a!&on re)ar&n) !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o

(en!al -a!&en!s.

N+rs&n) s!+en!>res-onen!s

F&n&n)s o, !h&s s!+" %an hel- !he n+rs&n) s!+en!>res-onen!s '"

-ro#&&n) an &n>e-!h re#&e0 a'o+! !he&r -er%e-!&on o, (&l&e+ !hera-" an !he

&(-or!an! -ar! !he" -la" on a%h&e#&n) -os&!e o+!%o(es ,ro( !he !hera-".

F&n&n)s 0&ll l&e0&se -ro#&e a&!&onal (en!al heal!h e+%a!&on as !o

0ha! &n!er#en!&onsa--roa%hes are ne%essar" !o a!!a&n 0ha! !he" ho-e !o

a%%o(-l&sh.

Men!al heal!h %en!er a(&n&s!ra!ors an s!a,,

The a(&n&s!ra!ors o, !he Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h* o!her

(en!al heal!h ,a%&l&!&es* (e&%al -ro,ess&onals s+%h as o%!ors* -s"%holo)&s!s*

-s"%ho!hera-&s!s* o%%+-a!&onal !hera-&s!s* n+rses an so%&al 0orers (a" +se

!he ,&n&n)s o, !h&s s!+" &n !he -ro#&&n) a--ro-r&a!e &n!er#en!&ons s+%h as

%on+%!&n) se(&nars an !ra&n&n) -ro)ra(s ,or n+rs&n) s!+en!s an o!her heal!h

0orers !ha! (a" hel- ,a%&l&!a!e a 'e!!er +ners!an&n) o, !he %on%e-! o, (&l&e+

!hera-" !here'" (a&n) !hese heal!h -ro,ess&onals 0orers (ore e1+&--e !o


14/68


15/68

e&!her h&)hl" e,,e%!e* (oera!el" e,,e%!e*

e,,e%!e* no! so e,,e%!e or no! e,,e%!e.

Men!al Pa!&en!s Re,er !o !he -a!&en!s -resen!l" +ner)o&n) (&l&e+

!rea!(en! a! !he Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h &n

Tre%e Mar!&res C&!"* Ca#&!e hanle '" !he ,o+r!h "ear

n+rs&n) s!+en!s ,ro( E(&l&o A)+&nalo Colle)e &n

Das(ar&as* Ca#&!e.

M&l&e+ Thera-" In !h&s resear%h* !h&s 0&ll 'e l&(&!e !o ar!* s&n)&n)*

an%&n)* -la")a(es an ,oo -re-ara!&on%oo&n)

!hera-&es.

N+rs&n) S!+en!s Re,er !o ,o+r!h "ear n+rs&n) s!+en!>res-onen!s ,ro(

E(&l&o A)+&nalo Colle)e &n Das(ar&as* Ca#&!e

renere hos-&!al +!" a! !he Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al

Heal!h &n Tre%e Mar!&res C&!"* Ca#&!e.

Per%e-!&on The o-&n&on o, !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s on !he

e,,e%!eness (&l&e+ !hera-" !o (en!al -a!&en!s 'ase

solel" on !he&r o'ser#a!&ons o, !he e(o!&onal* so%&al

an 'eha#&oral res-onsesa%!&ons o, !he -a!&en!s.

Ca"ter T6!

REVIE4 OF RELATED LITERATURE


16/68

Th&s %ha-!er -resen!e a re#&e0 an s+r#e" o, rela!e l&!era!+re. To )a!her

(a!er&als &n !he -re-ara!&on o, !h&s s!+"* !he resear%hers %on+%!e s"s!e(a!&%

s!+&es o, se#eral 'oos* ,ore&)n an lo%al s!+&es* o+rnals* '+lle!&ns an o!her

rea&n) (a!er&als rela!e !o !he -ro'le(. These l&!era!+res -ro#&e !he

resear%hers a (+%h ee-er an %learer +ners!an&n) o, !he s+'e%! a! han.

Re#ated Read&ngs

The Ph&l&--&ne N+rs&n) A%! o, 4@@4* Re-+'l&% A%! No. 2;5* Ar!&%le V*

no0n as !he N+rs&n) E+%a!&on* Se%!&on 4< &n&%a!es !ha! !he n+rs&n) e+%a!&on

-ro)ra( shall -ro#&e so+n* )eneral an -ro,ess&onal ,o+na!&on ,or !he -ra%!&%e

o, n+rs&n). The learn&n) e-er&en%es shall ahere s!r&%!l" !o s-e%&,&% re1+&re(en!s

e('o&e &n !he -res%r&'e %+rr&%+l+( as -ro(+l)a!e '" !he Co((&ss&on on

H&)her E+%a!&ons -ol&%&es an s!anars o, n+rs&n) e+%a!&on.

On Ar!&%le VI* se%!&on 4< o, !he sa(e A%!* &! 0as ,+r!her s!a!e !ha! a

-erson shall 'e ee(e !o 'e -ra%!&%&n) n+rs&n) 0&!h&n !he (ean&n) o, !h&s A%!

0hen shehe s&n)l" or &n %olla'ora!&on 0&!h ano!her* &n&!&a!es* -er,or(s n+rs&n)

ser#&%es !o &n&+als* ,a(&l&es an %o((+n&!&es &n an" heal!h %are se!!&n)

A1+&no e! al.* 4@@5/.

Men!al heal!h la0 &s !he area o, !he la0 !ha! &s a--l&e s-e%&,&%all" !o

-ersons 0&!h a &a)nos&s or -oss&'le &a)nos&s o, (en!al &llness* an !o !he

-eo-le &n#ol#e &n (ana)&n) or !rea!&n) o!hers &n !h&s s&!+a!&on. Th&s &n%l+es

areas &n 'o!h %o((on la0 an s!a!+!e la0. Co((on la0* 0h&%h &s 'ase on %ase

la0 ra!her !han s!a!+!es* &ss+es &n%l+e s+%h %on%e-!s as mens rea* &nsan&!"


17/68

e,enses* sane an &nsane a+!o(a!&s( a(on)s! o!hers. S!a!+!e la0

+s+all" !aes !he ,or( o, a Men!al heal!h a%!. or e1+alen!. An ea(-le &s !he

Men!al Heal!h A%! 25 &n En)lan an 3ales. These a%!s %o&," as-e%!s o, !he

!rea!(en! o, (en!al &llness an -ro#&e r+les an -ro%e+res !o 'e ,ollo0e an

-enal!&es ,or 'rea%hes. Men!al heal!h a%!s are lar)el" +se &n !he (ana)e(en!

o, -s"%hos&s 0here a -erson has los! !he a'&l&!" !o !es! real&!". The" (a" also

'e +se ,or o!her %on&!&ons &n%l+&n) -ersonal&!" &sorers. The la0s )enerall"

allo0 ,or %o(-+lsor" !rea!(en! &n a -s"%h&a!r&% hos-&!al or &n !he %o((+n&!". In

so(e +r&s&%!&ons %o+r! orers are re1+&re ,or %o(-+lsor" !rea!(en! 0h&le &n

o!hers !rea!&n) -s"%h&a!r&s!s (a" !rea! %o(-+lsor&l" '" ,ollo0&n) se! -ro%e+res.

There &s no (en!al heal!h la0 &n !he Ph&l&--&nes. The la0s !ha! )o#ern !he

-ro#&s&on o, (en!al heal!h ser#&%es are %on!a&ne &n #ar&o+s -ar!s o, !he

A(&n&s!ra!e an Penal Coe -ro(+l)a!e &n 22;. The -re#en!&on* !rea!(en!

an reha'&l&!a!&on ,ro( s+'s!an%e a'+se are %o#ere &n !he Dan)ero+s Dr+)s

A%!* 0h&%h 0as re#&se &n 4@@2. A Dan)ero+s Dr+)s Boar &s res-ons&'le ,or !he

-ol&%"? a Pres&en!&al Dr+) En,or%e(en! A)en%" &(-le(en!s !he -ol&%" an !he

De-ar!(en! o, Heal!h s+-er#&ses an (on&!ors !he la'ora!or&es 0here r+)

!es!&n)* !rea!(en! an reha'&l&!a!&on !ae -la%e.

In A-r&l 4@@2* !he Se%re!ar" o, Heal!h s&)ne !he Na!&onal Men!al Heal!h

Pol&%"* 0h&%h &s no0 no0n as A(&n&s!ra!e Orer No. * Ser&es 4@@2. Al!ho+)h

s&)ne &n A-r&l 4@@2* !he -ol&%" has s!&ll !o 'e -resen!e an &(-le(en!e '" !he

#ar&o+s s!aeholers &n (en!al heal!h. The Ph&l&--&ne Men!al Heal!h Pol&%" 0as

ra,!e &n 4@@2 an s&)ne '" !hen Se%re!ar" o, Heal!h Man+el Da"r&!. I! has !he


18/68

,ollo0&n) -ol&%" s!a!e(en!s: 2/ leaersh&-* 4/ %olla'ora!&on an -ar!nersh&-* 5/

e(-o0er(en! an -ar!&%&-a!&on* 6/ e1+&!"*


19/68

!hera-e+!&% r+) -ol&%"essen!&al l&s! o, r+)s &n !he %o+n!r" 0as ,or(+la!e &n

2 Re"es e! al* 4@@;/.

F+r!her(ore* !here &s !he Na!&onal Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h NCMH/

e&%a!e !o eler -re#en!e* %+ra!e an reha'&l&!a!e ran)e o, 1+al&!" (en!al

heal!h ser#&%es. I! &s %a!e)or&8e as S-e%&al Resear%h Tra&n&n) Cen!er an

Hos-&!al +ner De-ar!(en! o, Heal!h on $an+ar" 5@* 2;. NCMH 0as

es!a'l&she !hro+)h P+'l&% 3ors A%! 54


20/68

Be!!elhe&(* Fr&!8 Rel an Da#& 3&ne(an 0ere a(on) !he earl" -&oneers &n

+s&n) (&l&e+ !hera-" !o !rea! &(-+lse>r&en an e)o>&(-a&re &s &n res&en!&al

an s%hool se!!&n)s as earl" as !he 24@Ks. The&r 0or %olle%!el" has !a+)h! !ha!

(&l&e+ !hera-" %an 'e a -o0er,+l !hera-e+!&% !ool 0hen &n&+al "na(&%s an

!he so%&al s"s!e( %an 'e %o('&ne &n a -lanne an (ean&n),+l 0a" !o (ana)e

an %han)e 'eha#&or an rela!&onsh&-s h!!-:en.0&&-e&a.or)0&&* 4@@/

The (&l&e+* as es%r&'e &n !he ar!&%le* &s no! s!a!&% '+! &! &s ,le&'le an

,ea!+res nor(al&8&n) an e#elo-(en!al -ers-e%!es !ha! +se %o((on

s!r+%!+res ,a(&l&ar !o all -eo-le* s+%h as a&l" ro+!&nes* %ons&s!en! r+les an

a%!&!&es. The (&l&e+* or l&,e s-a%e &s -lanne &n s+%h a 0a" !ha! &! &s %ons!an!l"

s+--or!&n)* )+&&n) an re&n,or%&n) a -ersonKs a'&l&!" !o learn l&,e !ools* s+%h as

-ro'le( sol#&n) an %o-&n) s&lls* 0h&le a! !he sa(e !&(e o,,er&n) a sa,e -la%e ,or

!hese s&lls !o 'e -ra%!&%e an &n!e)ra!e &n!o !he -ersonKs re-er!o&re o,

s!ra!e)&es The (&l&e+ !aes &n!o %ons&era!&on !he -ers-e%!e o, !he -erson as

0ell as !he -ers-e%!e o, !he (&l&e+ a! lar)e.

No!es 4@@/ a#erre !ha! (&l&e+ re,ers !o !he -eo-le an all o!her so%&al

an -h"s&%al ,a%!ors &n !he en#&ron(en! 0&!h 0h&%h !he -a!&en! &n!era%!s. Th&s (a"

'e 46 ho+rs a a" or -ar!&al. Th&s en#&ron(en! &s es&)ne !o -ro#&e a se%+re

re!rea! ,or -ersons 0hose %a-a%&!&es ,or %o-&n) 0&!h real&!" ha#e e!er&ora!e. I!

o,,er o--or!+n&!&es !o a%1+&re aa-!e %o-&n) s&lls an le!s !he -a!&en! !es! !he(

!hese ne0 %o-&n) s&lls &n a se%+re* %o(,or!a'le -h"s&%al ,a%&l&!". M&l&e+ also

-ro#&es re%rea!&onal* o%%+-a!&onal* so%&al* -s"%h&a!r&%* (e&%al n+rs&n)

!hera-&es. I! -ro!e%!s shel!ers !he -a!&en! ,ro( -er%ee -a&n* !err&,"&n)


21/68

s!ressors an %an -ro!e%! a -erson ,ro( !he&r o0n or o!hers (alaa-!e

'eha#&or &.e. a!!e(-! a! s+&%&e or a'+se '" s-o+se/. Th&s !hera-" s+--or!s !he

-a!&en! -h"s&olo)&%all"* -ro#&es -leasan! a!!ra%!e sensor" s!&(+la!&on* !ea%h

-a!&en!s ,a(&l" aa-!e %o-&n) s!ra!e)&es.

The a+!hor ,+r!her e(-has&8e !ha! !he !o!al (&l&e+ &s a )ro+- !hera-"

a--roa%h !o l&n) e-er&en%e 0&!h !he ,ollo0&n) o'e%!es: 2/ %orre%! or ree,&ne

-er%e-!&on o, s!ressors* 4/ %orre%! (alaa-!e 'eha#&or* 5/ e#elo- aa-!e

%o-&n)* 6/ a%1+&re &n!er-ersonal s!ress>(ana)e(en! s&lls* an !he>s-o! real&!"


22/68


23/68

The A(er&%an M+s&% Thera-" Asso%&a!&on* In%. re-or!e !ha! (+s&% !hera-"

&s !he %l&n&%al an e#&en%e>'ase +se o, (+s&% &n!er#en!&ons !o a%%o(-l&sh

&n&+al&8e )oals 0&!h&n a !hera-e+!&% rela!&onsh&- '" a %reen!&ale

-ro,ess&onal 0ho has %o(-le!e an a--ro#e (+s&% !hera-" -ro)ra(. M+s&%

!hera-&s!s assess e(o!&onal 0ell>'e&n)* -h"s&%al heal!h* so%&al ,+n%!&on&n)*

%o((+n&%a!&on a'&l&!&es* an %o)n&!e s&lls !hro+)h (+s&%al res-onses? es&)n

(+s&% sess&ons ,or &n&+als an )ro+-s 'ase on %l&en! nees +s&n) (+s&%

&(-ro#&sa!&on* re%e-!e (+s&% l&s!en&n)* son) 0r&!&n)* l"r&% &s%+ss&on* (+s&% an

&(a)er"* (+s&% -er,or(an%e* an learn&n) !hro+)h (+s&%? -ar!&%&-a!e &n

&n!er&s%&-l&nar" !rea!(en! -lann&n)* on)o&n) e#al+a!&on* an ,ollo0 +-. Ch&lren*

aoles%en!s* a+l!s* an !he elerl" 0&!h (en!al heal!h nees* e#elo-(en!al

an learn&n) &sa'&l&!&es* Al8he&(erKs &sease an o!her a)&n) rela!e %on&!&ons*

s+'s!an%e a'+se -ro'le(s* 'ra&n &n+r&es* -h"s&%al &sa'&l&!&es* an a%+!e an

%hron&% -a&n* &n%l+&n) (o!hers &n la'or. M+s&% !hera-&s!s 0or &n -s"%h&a!r&%

hos-&!als* reha'&l&!a!e ,a%&l&!&es* (e&%al hos-&!als* o+!-a!&en! %l&n&%s* a" %are

!rea!(en! %en!ers* a)en%&es ser#&n) e#elo-(en!all" &sa'le -ersons*

%o((+n&!" (en!al heal!h %en!ers* r+) an al%ohol -ro)ra(s* sen&or %en!ers*

n+rs&n) ho(es* hos-&%e -ro)ra(s* %orre%!&onal ,a%&l&!&es* hal,0a" ho+ses*

s%hools* an -ra!e -ra%!&%e.

The &ea o, (+s&% as a heal&n) &n,l+en%e 0h&%h %o+l a,,e%! heal!h an

'eha#&or &s as leas! as ol as !he 0r&!&n)s o, Ar&s!o!le an Pla!o. The 4@!h %en!+r"

&s%&-l&ne 'e)an a,!er 3orl 3ar I an 3orl 3ar II 0hen %o((+n&!" (+s&%&ans

o, all !"-es* 'o!h a(a!e+r an -ro,ess&onal* 0en! !o Ve!erans hos-&!als aro+n


24/68

!he %o+n!r" !o -la" ,or !he !ho+sans o, #e!erans s+,,er&n) 'o!h -h"s&%al an

e(o!&onal !ra+(a ,ro( !he 0ars. The -a!&en!sK no!a'le -h"s&%al an e(o!&onal

res-onses !o (+s&% le !he o%!ors an n+rses !o re1+es! !he h&r&n) o, (+s&%&ans

'" !he hos-&!als. I! 0as soon e#&en! !ha! !he hos-&!al (+s&%&ans neee so(e

-r&or !ra&n&n) 'e,ore en!er&n) !he ,a%&l&!" an so !he e(an )re0 ,or a %olle)e

%+rr&%+l+(. The ,&rs! (+s&% !hera-" e)ree -ro)ra( &n !he 0orl* ,o+ne a!

M&%h&)an S!a!e Uners&!" &n 266* %ele'ra!e &!s


25/68


26/68

The %a(- e-er&en%e !a+)h! Be!!elhe&( !ha! !he %ohese en#&ron(en! %o+l !+rn

-ersonal&!" +-s&e o0n &n (a!+re a+l!s as 0ell as &n s(all %h&lren.

Ps"%hoanal"s&s &s no! !he (os! e,,e%!e 0a" !o %han)e -ersonal&!". Be&n) -la%e

&n a -ar!&%+lar !"-e o, en#&ron(en! %an -ro+%e (+%h (ore ra&%al %han)es* an

&n a (+%h shor!er !&(e. Ps"%hoanal"!&% !heor" 0as &nae1+a!e !o e-la&n ,+ll"

0ha! ha--ene !o !he -r&soners. A--l&e 0&!h&n !he a--ro-r&a!e ,ra(e o,

re,eren%e &! %lar&,&e (+%h. A--l&e !o -heno(ena o+!s&e o, &!s -ro#&n%e* &!

&s!or!e !he&r (ean&n) &ns!ea o, %lar&,"&n) !he( +((o* 4@@;/

F+r!her(ore* &! 0as re#eale !ha! l&!!le has 'een 0r&!!en on -s"%hoanal"!&%

(&l&e+ !hera-" +!&l&8&n) an o+!>-a!&en! s%hool. The ,o%+s o, (os! resear%h has

'een on res&en!&al se!!&n)s. Res&en!&al -ro)ra(s -ro#&e !0en!">,o+r>ho+r>a>

a" %are 0&!h a 0&e ran)e o, a%!&!&es an !rea!(en! &n!er#en!&ons !o ass&s!

&s!+r'e -eo-le &n eal&n) 0&!h l&,e e-er&en%es &n a %ons&s!en! an -ro+%!e

(anner. Es!a'l&sh&n) &n!er-ersonal rela!&onsh&-s &n !he !hera-e+!&% en#&ron(en! &s

seen as essen!&al ,or e,,e%!e -os&!e )ro0!h an &n%reas&n) sel, es!ee( ,or

s+%%ess,+l !rea!(en!. H&s resear%h 0as (ean! !o 1+an!&," !he #al+e o, (&l&e+

!hera-" +!&l&8e a! !he $ean&ne S%h+l!8 Me(or&al S%hool* a -ra!e a" -ro)ra(

es&)ne !o (ee! !he nees o, !he s!+en!s 0hose e(o!&onal* 'eha#&oral an

learn&n) &,,&%+l!&es ha#e lea !o !he&r &s(&ssal ,ro( !he -+'l&% s%hool s"s!e(.

S&n%e !he "o+n)s!ers ha#e #ar&o+s 'a%)ro+ns* -ersonal&!&es* an -ro'le(s* a

!hera-e+!&% (&l&e+ &n a res&en!&al !rea!(en! %en!er &s o,!en %hara%!er&8e '"

%ons&s!en! r+les an ro+!&nes* -ro)ra( a%!&!&es* )ro+- sess&ons* &n&+al

-s"%ho!hera-"* %on,l&%! &n!er#en!&ons* ,a(&l" !rea!(en!* -aren! )ro+-s* an


27/68

s-e%&al e+%a!&on. The a+!hor !h+s %la&(e !ha! !he %lassroo( %an 'e%o(e an

a&!&onal en#&ron(en! &n 0h&%h !o e#al+a!e an enhan%e a %h&ls 'eha#&or as

!he !ea%hers -ar!&%&-a!e &n !he s!+en!s !rea!(en!. Re%rea!&onal !hera-&es l&e

#&s+al ar!s* ra(a* an%e an -la" 0ere e(-lo"e (os! o, !he !&(e al!ho+)h

-s"%ho!ro-&% r+)s 0ere also +se.

A s!+" on !he 'ene,&!s o, e-resse 0r&!&n) &n lo0er&n) r+(&na!&on an

e-resse s"(-!o(s '" Gor!ner* R+e an Penne'aer 4@@9/ has ,o+n !ha!

e-resse 0r&!&n) %an re+%e e-ress&on s"(-!o(s a(on) 0o(en 0ho 0ere

#&%!&(s o, o(es!&% #&olen%e. I! also hel-s %olle)e s!+en!s a! r&s ,or e-ress&on.

E-resse or %rea!e ar!s !hera-" &s 'ase on !he &ea !ha! -eo-le %an hel-

heal !he(sel#es !hro+)h ar!* (+s&%* an%e* 0r&!&n)* or o!her e-resse a%!s.

In !he 2hos-&!al a--roa%hes 0ere e#elo-e* (&l&e+ !hera-"

an !oen e%ono(" -ro)ra(s. The" o,!en 'ro+)h! &(-ro#e(en! an -ar!&%+larl"

hel-e -a!&en!s !o %are ,or !he(sel#es an ,eel 'e!!er a'o+! !he(sel#es. M&l&e+>

s!"le -ro)ra(s ha#e s&n%e 'een se! +- &n &ns!&!+!&ons !hro+)ho+! !he 3es!ern

0orl. The -ro)ra(s #ar" ,ro( se!!&n) !o se!!&n)* '+! a! a (&n&(+( s!a,, (e('ers

!r" !o en%o+ra)e &n!era%!&ons es-e%&all" )ro+- &n!era%!&ons/ 'e!0een -a!&en!s an

s!a,,* !o ee- -a!&en!s a%!e* an !o ra&se -a!&en!s e-e%!a!&ons o, 0ha! !he" %an

a%%o(-l&sh. Do'son e! al* 4@@


28/68

o,!en &(-ro#e an !ha! !he" lea#e !he hos-&!al a! h&)her ra!es !han -a!&en!s &n

-ro)ra(s o,,er&n) -r&(ar&l" %+s!o&al %are. Man" o, !hese -ersons re(a&n

&(-a&re* ho0e#er* an (+s! le &n shel!ere se!!&n)s a,!er !he&r release. Des-&!e

&!s l&(&!a!&ons* !he a+!hors a#erre* (&l&e+ !hera-" %on!&n+es !o 'e -ra%!&%e &n

(an" &ns!&!+!&ons* o,!en %o('&ne 0&!h o!her hos-&!al a--roa%hes 'e%a+se &!

-ro+%e -os&!e o+!%o(es. Moreo#er* !he" also s!a!e !ha! (an" hal,0a"

ho+ses an o!her %o((+n&!" -ro)ra(s ,or &n&+als 0&!h se#ere (en!al

&sorers are r+n &n a%%oran%e 0&!h !he sa(e -r&n%&-les o, res&en! sel,>

)o#ern(en! an 0or s%he+les !ha! ha#e -ro#e e,,e%!e &n hos-&!al (&l&e+

-ro)ra(s.

Fro( a %o(-rehense '&o>-s"%ho>so%&al -o&n! o, #&e0* a -&lo!>-roe%!

%alle So!er&a &n Gree: eler"* sal#a!&on* -ro!e%!&on/* s-e%&all" ,o%+se on

en#&ron(en!al an e(o!&onal ,a%!ors* 0as !here,ore o, -ar!&%+lar &n!eres!. Loren

Mosher an Al(a Menn %on+%!e So!er&a ,ro( 2;2 !hro+)h 25 &n a s(all

%o((+n&!">'ase e-er&(en!al se!!&n) near San Fran%&s%o. There* "o+n) a%+!e

s%h&8o-hren&a -a!&en!s 0ere -r&(ar&l" !rea!e '" -s"%ho!hera-e+!&% an (&l&e+>

!hera-e+!&% (e!hos. So!er&a s!ans ,or an al!erna!e lo0>r+) (&l&e+>

!hera-e+!&% a--roa%h !o a%+!e s%h&8o-hren&a !ha! 0as ,&rs! &(-le(en!e '"

Mosher an Menn &n San Fran%&s%o* an s&n%e 26 ,+r!her e#elo-e '" C&o(-&

an %o>0orers &n Berne* on !he 'as&s o, !he&r %on%e-! o, a,,e%!>lo)&%* !ha!

e(-has&8es !he o,!en ne)le%!e &n,l+en%e o, e(o!&onal ,a%!ors &n s%h&8o-hren&a.

In 'o!h se!!&n)s* e1+al an e#en -ar!l" 'e!!er !hera-e+!&% res+l!s* %o(-are 0&!h

!ra&!&onal (e!hos* 0ere o'!a&ne 0&!h (+%h lo0er oses o, an!&-s"%ho!&%s an


29/68

%o(-ara'le a&l" %os!s. Bas&% %on%e-!s* -ra%!&%al -ro%ee&n)s an e(-&r&%al

,&n&n)s o, So!er&a Berne are re-or!e* an !he&r !heore!&%al an -ra%!&%al

&(-l&%a!&ons ,or (a&ns!rea( -s"%h&a!r" are &s%+sse &n an e#al+a!e resear%h

'" C&o(-& an Ho,,(ann 4@@6/ en!&!le Con%e-!+al Bases o, So!er&a Berne:

Thera-e+!&% Conse1+en%es an The&r Pra%!&%al Real&8a!&on &n So!er&a Berne

Cl&n&%al O'ser#a!&ons. The res+l!s s+--or!e !he h"-o!hes&s o, a %r+%&al

-a!ho)ene!&% an !hera-e+!&%>-re#en!e role -la"e '" e(o!&onal ,a%!ors no!

onl" &n !he so>%alle a,,e%!e -s"%hoses* '+! also &n s%h&8o-hren&a. As a

%on%l+s&on* C&o(-& an Ho,,(ann a,,&r(e !ha! !he So!er&a e-er&en%e s+--or!s

!he ass+(-!&on !ha! e(o!&onal ,a%!ors -la" a (+%h )rea!er role !han )enerall"

a(&!!e &n 'o!h nor(al an -a!holo)&%al (oes o, !h&n&n) an 'eha#&n)*

&n%l+&n) s%h&8o-hren&% &sorers. A%%or&n) !o a so(e0ha! -ro#o%a!e

s!a!e(en! ,or(+la!e &n s+((ar&8&n) a re%en! re#&e0 o, So!er&a>l&e e-er&en%es*

So!er&a a%!s l&e a ne+role-!&% r+)* '+! 0&!ho+! &!s +n,a#ora'le s&e>e,,e%!s.

S&(&lar '+! -ro'a'l" (ore s+s!a&ne 'e%a+se (ore s-e%&,&%all" -ro'le(>

%en!ere* %on!e!>rela!e an -ersonal&!">aa-!e/ e,,e%!s o, 'as&% e(o!&onal

s!a!es on !h&n&n) an 'eha#&n) %an 'e o'!a&ne &n a na!+ral 0a"* as sho0e '"

!he So!er&a e-er&en%e.

L!ca#

Re"es* e! al 4@@;/* &n a re-or! %o((&ss&one '" !he 3orl Heal!h

Or)an&8a!&on !o assess !he (en!al heal!h s"s!e( &n !he Ph&l&--&nes +s&n) !he

3orl Heal!h Or)an&8a!&on > Assess(en! Ins!r+(en! ,or Men!al Heal!h S"s!e(s

4@@; 3HOAIMS Re-or! on Men!al Heal!h S"s!e( &n !he Ph&l&--&nes: An


30/68

Assess(en!/ re#eale !ha! !he Ph&l&--&nes ha#e a Na!&onal Men!al Heal!h Pol&%"*

A(&n&s!ra!e Orer s.4@@2* s&)ne '" !hen Se%re!ar" o, Heal!h Man+el M.

Da"r&!. Ho0e#er* !here &s no (en!al heal!h le)&sla!&on an !he la0s !ha! )o#ern

!he -ro#&s&on o, (en!al heal!h ser#&%es are %on!a&ne &n #ar&o+s -ar!s o,

-ro(+l)a!e la0s s+%h as Penal Coe* Ma)na Car!a ,or D&sa'le Person* Fa(&l"

Coe* an !he Dan)ero+s Dr+) A%!* e!%. The %o+n!r" s-ens a'o+! 'ase heal!h 0orers are no lon)er &n !he&r -la%e o, +!"* an

!he %+rren! -r&(ar" heal!h %are s!a,, see( !o ha#e &nae1+a!e !ra&n&n) &n (en!al

heal!h an &n!era%!&on 0&!h (en!al heal!h ,a%&l&!&es &s +n%o((on.


31/68

The 3orl Heal!h Or)an&8a!&ons Men!al Heal!h A!las 4@@


32/68

le)&sla!e a+!hor&!".;* No (en!al heal!h la0 has 'een es!a'l&she. I!s (en!al

heal!h '+)e! &s onl" @.@4= o, &!s !o!al heal!h '+)e!* !he la!!er 'e&n) 5= o, &!s

GDP. The %o+n!r" la% a!a on re,resher !ra&n&n) ,or (en!al heal!h s!a,,* as 0ell

as a!a on !he n+('er o, or)an&8a!&ons* asso%&a!&ons or non)o#ern(en!al

or)an&8a!&ons NGOs/ &n#ol#e &n (en!al heal!h -ol&%&es* le)&sla!&on or a#o%a%".

An al!ho+)h !he %o+n!r"s De-ar!(en! o, Heal!h &s 'e)&nn&n) !o (ae so(e

-ro)ress* al'e&! a! a #er" slo0 -a%e. The %ra,!&n) o, !he na!&onal (en!al heal!h

-ol&%" &s a -o!en!&all" &(-or!an! ,&rs! s!e-* as &s !he na!&onal re)&s!ra!&on o, -ersons

0&!h &sa'&l&!&es.

A 3orl Heal!h Or)an&8a!&on s!+" o, !hree e#elo-&n) %o+n!r&es* Ira1* !he

Ph&l&--&nes an !he ,or(er Y+)osla# Re-+'l&% o, Ma%eon&a* ,o+n !ha! !hese

%o+n!r&es la% 'o!h e-&e(&olo)&%al an area %a!%h(en! s!+&es o, !he (en!all"

&ll. In !he Ph&l&--&nes* &n a&!&on !o ,+n&n) &,,&%+l!&es* !here are so%&o %+l!+ral

reasons 0h" l&!!le a!!en!&on has 'een -a& !o e&!her !he o%+(en!a!&on o, (en!al

&llness or !he e#al+a!&on o, &!s !rea!(en!. F&l&-&nos ha#e !ra&!&onall" #&e0e

(en!al &llness as a ,or( o, e#&l -ossess&on* sor%er" or -+n&sh(en! ,or

0ron)o&n)* an rela!es 0&!h (en!al &llness are o,!en sen! !o !ra&!&onal healers

or -r&es!s ,or eor%&s(. The Ph&l&--&nes De-ar!(en! o, Heal!h &s 'e)&nn&n) !o

(ae so(e -ro)ress* al'e&! a! a #er" slo0 -a%e. The %ra,!&n) o, !he na!&onal

(en!al heal!h -ol&%" &s a -o!en!&all" &(-or!an! ,&rs! s!e-* as &s !he na!&onal

re)&s!ra!&on o, -ersons 0&!h &sa'&l&!&es. Es!a'l&she &n !he 2@s* &!s )oal &s !o

&en!&," &n&+als 0&!h &sa'&l&!&es* &n%l+&n) !hose 0&!h (en!al &llness* an !o

e#elo- reha'&l&!a!&on -ro)ra(s an ra&se a0areness Ha(aa e! al* 4@@/.


33/68

In rela!&on !o !h&s* Re"es e! al 4@@;/ l&e0&se re#eale !ha! 6 -er%en! o,

all a(&ss&ons !o %o((+n&!">'ase &n-a!&en! -s"%h&a!r&% +n&!s are &n#ol+n!ar".

The -ro-or!&on o, &n#ol+n!ar" a(&ss&ons !o (en!al hos-&!als &s 2;=. The s!a!+s

o, #ol+n!ar"&n#ol+n!ar" a(&ss&on !o o!her ,a%&l&!&es &s &n )eneral no! !aen &n!o

a%%o+n!. Ho0e#er* &! &s es!&(a!e !ha! !he (aor&!" o, a(&ss&ons are &n#ol+n!ar".

The lea&n) &a)noses o, +sers !rea!e &n o+!-a!&en! ,a%&l&!&es are (a&nl"

s%h&8o-hren&a an rela!e &sorers an (oo &sorers. In,or(a!&on on

&a)nos&s &s 'ase on n+('er o, +sers !rea!e. The a#era)e n+('er o, %on!a%!s

-er +ser &s 2.;. In !er(s o, a#a&la'le !rea!(en!s* a (aor&!" @=/ o, !he

-a!&en!s re%ee -s"%hoso%&al !rea!(en!s an (os! +ner)o (&l&e+ !hera-". All

2@@=/ (en!al heal!h o+!-a!&en! ,a%&l&!&es ha#e a! leas! one -s"%ho!ro-&%

(e&%&ne o, ea%h !hera-e+!&% %lass an!&>-s"%ho!&%* an!&e-ressan!* (oo

s!a'&l&8er* an&ol"!&%* an an!&e-&le-!&% (e&%&nes/ a#a&la'le &n !he ,a%&l&!" or a

near>'" -har(a%" all "ear ro+n.

A 3orl Heal!h Or)an&8a!&on 4@@;/ %o+n!r" s!+" re-or!e !ha! 6= o, !he

!ra&n&n) ,or (e&%al o%!ors &s e#o!e !o (en!al heal!h* &n %o(-ar&son? !ra&n&n)

,or n+rses &s


34/68


35/68


36/68

e-er&en%es ,or !he&r re%o#er" -ro%esses +s&n) 1+al&!a!e &n!er#&e0s 0&!h 20or!h &n !&(e an s-a%e 0ere ,o+n !o 'e

e%&se. 3holeness re,ers !o a (&l&e+ se!!&n) es%r&'&n) !he %o('&na!&on o,

-ro,ess&onal&s(* &n hear!s* an aes!he!&% 1+al&!&es o, !he -la%e. Al!o)e!her* !he

s!+" %on%l+e !ha! (&l&e+ !hera-" %on!r&'+!e !o !he -a!&en!s e-er&en%e o,

sel,>0or!h an e1+al&!" an !ha! !here &s a nee ,or ,+r!her resear%h !o n 0ha!

are !he o-!&(al !hera-e+!&% (&l&e+ an %+l!+re* an ho0 !hese a,,e%! !he re%o#er"

-ro%esses.

3&!h s+%h (&n&(al (en!al heal!h ,+n&n)* (&l&e+ !hera-" &s one o, !he

!rea!(en!s !ha! (a" +s! (ee! !he nees o, !he (en!al -a!&en!s &n o+r %o+n!r"

0&!ho+! %a+s&n) +n+e -ress+re on !he na!&onal '+)e!. There &s a nee

!here,ore !o as%er!a&n &, (&l&e+ &s &nee an e,,e%!e !rea!(en! ,ro( !he

-er%e-!&on o, !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s ass&)ne a! a (en!al heal!h ,a%&l&!" &n Ca#&!e.

These s!+en!s ha#e 'een allo0e !o -ra%!&%e (&l&e+ !hera-" a(on) !he

-a!&en!s an &! 0o+l ser#e as an e#al+a!&on &n &!sel,? an assess(en! o, !he&r

a'&l&!" !o %on!r&'+!e !o !he heal!h o, !he -a!&en!s.

F+r!her(ore* !he s!+" &s &s!&n%! ,ro( o!hers &n !he sense !ha! !h&s s!+"

,o%+se on !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s 0ho 0ere allo0e !o -ra%!&%e (&l&e+ !hera-"?

a&!&onall"* !he e,,e%!eness o, s+%h -ra%!&%e on (en!al -a!&en!s 0as )a+)e

solel" a%%or&n) !o !he&r -er%e-!&on. I! &s e-e%!e !ha! !he&r o'ser#a!&on are no!

as (e&%all" a%%+ra!e* s&n%e !he res-onen!s o no! ha#e -s"%ho!hera-" or

s-e%&al&8e !ra&n&n) &n !he ,&el o, (en!al heal!h* ho0e#er* !he&r -er%e-!&ons (a"


37/68

'r&n) an all>!o)e!her ne0 &ns&)h! re)ar&n) (&l&e+ !hera-" ,ro( a %are )ers

-o&n! o, #&e0.


38/68

Ca"ter Tree

METHODOLOGY

Th&s %ha-!er -resen!s !he (a!er&als an (e!hos +se &n !h&s s!+"*

na(el": resear%h es&)n* !he -o-+la!&on an sa(-l&n)* !he resear%h &ns!r+(en!*

!he #al&a!&on an rel&a'&l&!" o, !he &ns!r+(en!s* !he a!a )a!her&n) -ro%e+res

an s!a!&s!&%al !rea!(en! o, a!a.

Researc Des&gn

Th&s resear%h s!+" +!&l&8e !he es%r&-!e resear%h es&)n. Th&s (e!ho

-ro#&e 'o!h !he 1+al&!a!e an 1+an!&!a!e es%r&-!&on o, !he )eneral

%hara%!er&s!&%s o, !he )ro+- +ner s!+". I! &s also !he (os! a--ro-r&a!e (e!ho

!o +se !o o'!a&n ae1+a!e an a%%+ra!e &n!er-re!a!&on o, !he a!a )a!here ,or

!h&s resear%h.

P!"u#at&!n and Sa'"#&ng

Se#en!">one ;6/ ,o+r!h "ear n+rs&n) s!+en!s ,ro( s& 9/ se%!&ons o, !h&s

Colle)e renere hos-&!al +!"!ra&n&n) a! !he Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h

CCMH/. Ho0e#er* !o a#o& 'e&n) (&s%ons!r+e as %a+s&n) +n+e &n,l+en%e !o

!he ,&n&n)s o, !he s!+"* !he resear%hers 0ere no! (ae res-onen!s ,or !h&s

s!+".

No sa(-l&n) (e!ho 0as +!&l&8e ,or !h&s s!+". A !o!al o, 9 ,o+r!h "ear

n+rs&n) s!+en!s %o(&n) ,ro( !he s& 9/ se%!&ons 0ho renere hos-&!al

+!"!ra&n&n) a! CCMH 0ere (ae res-onen!s ,or !h&s s!+".


39/68

Researc Instru'ent

A s+r#e" 1+es!&onna&re 0as -re-are !o )a!her &n,or(a!&on neee ,or !h&s

s!+". The resear%h &ns!r+(en! e!er(&ne !he e(o)ra-h&% -ro,&le o, !he

res-onen!s an !he&r -er%e-!&on on !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o (en!al

-a!&en!s a! CCMH.

Par! I o, !he &ns!r+(en! %ons&s!e o, 1+es!&ons a'o+! !he e(o)ra-h&%

-ro,&le o, !he res-onen!s s+%h as a)e* )ener* '&r!h orer an !he ,or(s o,

!hera-" -ra%!&%e '" !he res-onen!s a! CCMH. Par! II &n%l+e 1+es!&ons on !he

e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" 'ase on !he o'ser#a'le e(o!&onal* so%&al an

'eha#&oral res-onsesa%!&ons o, !he (en!al -a!&en!s.

Va#&d&t$ and Re#&a.&t$ !% te Instru'ent

The #al&&!" an rel&a'&l&!" o, !he &ns!r+(en! 0ere #er&,&e a,!er %ons+l!a!&on

0&!h e-er!s &n !he ,&els o, -s"%holo)" an n+rs&n). The s+))es!&ons o, !he

,ollo0&n) e-er!s* na(el": Mr. Re"nalo $. &lala* Ms. G&o#annah H. Cas!&llo an

Ms. I#erose T. Es!orn&nos RN 0ere &n%l+e &n !he s+r#e" &ns!r+(en!.

Data Gater&ng Pr!cedure

Per(&ss&ons !o %on+%! !he resear%h 0ere o'!a&ne ,ro( !he Dean o, !he

S%hool o, N+rs&n)* !he Hos-&!al Ch&e, o, CCMH an !he Ch&e, N+rse o, !he sa(e

,a%&l&!".

The s+r#e" 1+es!&onna&res 0ere &s!r&'+!e !o !he res-onen!s 0ho ha#e

renere a !o!al o, a! leas! 9 ho+rs o, hos-&!al +!" a! CCMH. The


40/68

1+es!&onna&res 0ere )a!here an %he%e ,or %o(-le!eness a 0ee a,!er

&s!r&'+!&on.

Stat&st&ca# Treat'ent !% Data

Des%r&-!e s!a!&s!&%s s+%h as ,re1+en%" %o+n!s* (ean* ran)e* -er%en!a)e

an ran 0ere +se !o ans0er !he ,&rs! resear%h 1+es!&ons. To ans0er !he se%on

resear%h 1+es!&on* res-onen!s 0&ll 'e ase !o es%r&'e !he&r o'ser#a!&ons

+s&n) a -o&n! L&er! S%ale S!re&ner an Nor(an* 24/. The s%ale 0as

re-resen!e as:

< al0a"s

6 o,!en

5 so(e!&(es

4 selo(

2 ne#er

The res+l!&n) s%ores 0ere &n!er-re!e as ,ollo0s:

92 ;< > h&)hl" e,,e%!e

69 9@ > (oera!el" e,,e%!e

52 6< > e,,e%!e

29 5@ > no! so e,,e%!e

@ 2< > no! e,,e%!e

To ans0er !he !h&r resear%h 1+es!&on* %h&>s1+are !es! 0as +se. Th&s

e!er(&ne &, !here &s a s&)n&,&%an! rela!&onsh&- 'e!0een !he e(o)ra-h&% -ro,&le

o, res-onen!s an !he&r -er%e-!&on on !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o


41/68

(en!al -a!&en!s. A ,e -er%en! !o!al n+('er o, res-onen!s

4/ Per%en!a)e:

P W J, JN

0here: , > !he s&8e o, !he sa(-le

N > !he s&8e o, !he -o-+la!&on

5/ 3e&)h!e (ean:

3!X W

N

0here: 3!X > !he 0e&)h!e (ean

N > !o!al n+('er o, res-onen!s

> !he s+(

6/ Ch&>s1+are !es!:

,o>,e/4

,e 0here: ,o > o'ser#e ,re1+en%"

,e > e-e%!e ,re1+en%"

> s+((a!&on

X4 W

X 2@@


42/68

Ca"ter F!ur

PRESENTATION) ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Th&s %ha-!er eals 0&!h !he -resen!a!&on* anal"s&s an &n!er-re!a!&on o,

a!a )a!here ,ro( !he s+r#e" %on+%!e '" !he resear%hers on !he e,,e%!eness

o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o -a!&en!s as -er%ee '" !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s ass&)ne a! !he

Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h. I! -resen!s !he ,&n&n)s o, !he s!+" &n !hree

-ar!s. Par! I* !he De(o)ra-h&% Pro,&le o, !he N+rs&n) S!+en!s sho0s !he

,re1+en%" &s!r&'+!&on o, !he res-onen!s a%%or&n) !o a)e* )ener* '&r!h orer

an !"-e o, !hera-" -ra%!&%e. Par! II* !he Per%ee E,,e%!s o, M&l&e+ Thera-" !o

Men!al Pa!&en!s* &s ,+r!her %a!e)or&8e &n!o?


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s+r#e"e res-onen!s. In!er-re!a!&on an ,&n&n)s ,or ea%h -ro,&le are -resen!e

a! !he en o, ea%h !a'le.

Age

Ta'le 2 -resen!s !he ,re1+en%" &s!r&'+!&on o, !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s

a%%or&n) !o a)e.

Table 1. The Frequency Distribution of the Nursing Students Assigned at

the a!ite enter for Mental "ealth according to Age

AGE FREUENCY PERCENT RAN

2; 42 96 4.; 49 5 6.5 54 4 4.@= 5

To!al 9 2@@=

As seen on Ta'le 2* !he a)e o, !he n+rs&n) s!+en!>res-onen!s ran)e

,ro( 2; !o 54 "ears. Maor&!" o, !he res-onen!s 4.;


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Gender

Ta'le 4 sho0s !he ,re1+en%" &s!r&'+!&on o, !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s a%%or&n)

!o )ener.

Table #. The Frequency Distribution of the Nursing Students Assigned at

the a!ite enter for Mental "ealth according to $ender

GENDER FREUENCYn W 9/

PERCENT=/

RAN

Male 2; 46.96= 4Fe(ale or&en!a!&on >> 1+al&!&es !"-&%all" seen as (ore %hara%!er&s!&% o,

0o(en. 3h&le !h&s !ra&!&on en%o+ra)es h&)h le#els %o((&!(en! o#erall a(on)

n+rses* (ale n+rses o no! ne%essar&l" &en!&," 0&!h &! as s!ron)l" as !he&r ,e(ale

%o+n!er-ar!s >> a -o!en!&al 'arr&er !o a!!ra%!&n) an re!a&n&n) (en !o n+rs&n).

F+r!her(ore* res+l!s o, !he -oll sho0e !ha! es-&!e sh&,!&n) )ener roles* -a!&en!


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-er%e-!&ons !ha! (en are o%!ors an 0o(en are n+rses s!&ll hol !r+e. The

Gall+- S+r#e" also ,o+n ,e0 !een>a)e 'o"s &n!eres!e &n n+rs&n) %areers R&%

Bl&88ar* D.B.A.* 4@@4/.

Res+l!s o, a rela!e s!+" -+'l&she '" !heHS$ Heal!h S%&en%e $o+rnal

Vol. 4* Iss+e 5* 4@@/ 0h&%h a&(e !o e!er(&ne 0ha! ,e(ale an (ale

+ner)ra+a!e n+rs&n) s!+en!s !h&n o, (ales &n n+rs&n) en!&!le Gener an

Career: Fe(ale an Male N+rs&n) S!+en!s Per%e-!&on o, Male N+rs&n) Role &n

T+re" l&e0&se a)ree 0&!h !he ,&n&n)s o, !h&s s!+"? 0hereas* &! 0as ,o+n o+!

!ha! n+rs&n) %on!&n+es !o 'e seen as a ,&! -os&!&on ,or ,e(ales. E#en (ale

s!+en!s 0ho s!+" &n n+rs&n) ha#e role !ens&on a'o+! n+rs&n). Male s!+en!s

es&re !o o%%+-" (os!l" a(&n&s!ra!e -os&!&ons &n heal!h %are se!!&n)s a,!er !he&r

)ra+a!&on sho0s !he&r &n!en!&ons !o &s!&n)+&sh !he(sel#es ,ro( ,e(ale

%ollea)+es Aansel* N.* T+n* G. an O8e(&r* A. 4@@/.

B&rt Order

Ta'le 5 sho0s !he ,re1+en%" &s!r&'+!&on o, !he res-onen!s a%%or&n) !o

'&r!h orer.

Table %. The Frequency Distribution of the Nursing Students Assigned at

the a!ite enter for Mental "ealth according to &irth 'rder

BIRTH ORDER FREUENCYn W 9/

PERCENT=/

RAN

2s! 4n 6@ TOTAL 9 2@@.@@=


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In !er(s o, '&r!h orer &n !he ,a(&l"* Ta'le 5 0o+l sho0 !ha! !he n+rs&n)

s!+en!>res-onen! &s e&!her !he eles! or !he "o+n)es! a(on) h&sher s&'l&n)s.

More !han hal, o, !he res-onen!s

+-e 4@@/* &n !he ar!&%le Career an B&r!h Orer 0r&!!en ,or

CareerB+&ler.%o(* re#eale !ha! a %h&ls -la%e &n !he ,a(&l" '&r!h orer (a" -la"

a role &n !he !"-e o, o%%+-a!&ons !ha! 0&ll &n!eres! h&( or her as an a+l!. F&rs!

'orn an onl" %h&lren (a" 'e (ore &n!eres!e &n %o)n&!e -+rs+&!s !han "o+n)er

s&'l&n)s. 3hereas la!er 'orn %h&lren are (ore &n!eres!e &n ar!&s!&% or o+!oor>

rela!e %areers.

S&(&larl"* Perr" 4@@/ &n h&s ar!&%le en!&!le B&r!h orer %an e!er(&ne

%areer %ho&%e -+'l&she onl&ne '" #(59@* a Ve!er&nar" E%ono(&%s 0e's&!e*

s!a!e !ha! &! a--ears !ha! '&r!h orer %an also ,a%!or &n!o %areer %ho&%e.

F&rs!'orns !en !o -+rs+e %areers !ha! re1+&re h&)her e+%a!&on* s+%h as

(e&%&ne* en)&neer&n) an la0. M&le %h&lren o,!en ha#e e%ellen! ne)o!&a!&n)

an -eo-le s&lls* an !he" !en !o see 0or &n n+rs&n)* la0 en,or%e(en!* an

,&re,&)h!&n). Las! 'orn )ra#&!a!e !o0ar ar!&s!&% an o+!oor o's* as 0ell as

%areers &n o+rnal&s(* a#er!&s&n)* an sales.

These res+l!s %o&n%&e 0&!h !he ,&n&n)s o, !h&s s!+" 0h&%h sho0e !ha!

oler an (&le %h&lren &n !he ,a(&l" ha#e a )rea!er !enen%" !o !ae +-

(e&%al>rela!e ,&els as -ro,ess&on. Th&s (a" 'e 'e%a+se !he" are l&el" !o 'e


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(ore %ar&n)* +ners!an&n) an -a!&en!* a(on) o!her #&r!+es* s&n%e* 'e&n) oler

%h&lren* -aren!s !en !o rel" on !he( ,or hel- on !a&n) %are o, "o+n)er %h&lren

&n !he ,a(&l". Th+s* !he&r %are>)&n) a!!&!+es are (o!a!e an e#elo-e earl"

on.

F!r's !% Tera"$ Pract&ced

Ta'le 6 sho0s !he ,re1+en%" &s!r&'+!&on o, !he res-onen!s a%%or&n) !o

!"-e o, !hera-" -ra%!&%e.

Table (. The Frequency Distribution of the Nursing Students Assigned at

the a!ite enter for Mental "ealth according to Ty)e of Thera)y *racticed

PROFILE FREUENCYn W 9/

PERCENT=/

RAN

All 96 4.;< 2

Ar!* (+s&%*-la")a(es 2 2.6

res-onen!s -er%e-!&on on !he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o (en!al -a!&en!s

as sho0n &n Ta'le 9. The %o(-+!e %h&>s1+are #al+e o, ;.2;66 0as re(ara'l"

less !han !he %r&!&%al #al+e o, .6 a! ,e -er%en! le#el o, s&)n&,&%an%e. Hen%e*

!he n+ll h"-o!hes&s o, &ns&)n&,&%an! rela!&onsh&- 0as a%%e-!e. Th&s s+))es!s !ha!

a)e & no! s&)n&,&%an!l" &n,l+en%e !he n+rs&n) s!+en!>res-onen!s -er%e-!&on on

!he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o (en!al -a!&en!s. Th&s also &n&%a!es !ha! !he

-er%e-!&on o, !he res-onen!s &s )enerall" !he sa(e 0he!her !he" 'elon) !o !he

"o+n)es! or oler a)e 'ra%e!.

Gender and Perce"t&!n !n te E%%ect&*eness !% M&eu Tera"$

Ta'le ; sho0s !he rela!&onsh&- 'e!0een !he -er%e-!&ons on !he

e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" a%%or&n) !o !he )ener o, n+rs&n) s!+en!s.

Table 0. Relationshi) between the )erce)tions on the effecti!eness of

milieu thera)y to )atients according to the gender of nursing students

GENDER EFFECTIVENESS OF MILIEU THERAPY FREUENCYH&)hl"

E,,e%!eMoera!el"

E,,e%!eE,,e%!e

Male 5

9 2;

Fe(ale 5<


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The a'o#e !a'le sho0s !ha!* a!


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Ca"ter F&*e

SUMMARY) FINDINGS) CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Th&s %ha-!er sho0s !he lo)&%al ,lo0 o, !h&s s!+"* s+((ar"* ,&n&n)s*

%on%l+s&ons an re%o((ena!&ons as ans0ers !o !he -ro'le(s &en!&,&e.

Su''ar$

The -r&(ar" o'e%!e o, !h&s s!+" &s !o e!er(&ne !he e,,e%!eness o,

(&l&e+ !hera-" !o -a!&en!s as -er%ee '" !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s ass&)ne a! !he

Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or Men!al Heal!h. More s-e%&,&%all"* !he s!+" so+)h! !o ans0er

!he ,ollo0&n) 1+es!&ons:


6.2 A)e

6.4 Gener

6.5 '&r!h orer

6.6 !"-es o, !hera-" -ra%!&%e


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In orer !o o'!a&n !he neee &n,or(a!&on as !o !he a'o#e(en!&one

1+es!&ons* !he resear%hers +se !he es%r&-!e resear%h es&)n. A s+r#e"

1+es!&onna&re 0as %ons!r+%!e an !hen +!&l&8e !he sa(e !o a!!a&n !he

o'e%!es o, !h&s s!+". A !o!al o, 9 n+rs&n) s!+en!s ,ro( E(&l&o A)+&nalo

Colle)e &n Das(ar&nas* Ca#&!e 0ho 0ere ass&)ne a! !he Ca#&!e Cen!er ,or

Men!al Heal!h 0ere (ae res-onen!s ,or !h&s s!+". Da!a )a!her&n) 0as (ae

,ro( O%!o'er !o No#e('er 4@@.

Maor&!" or 96 res-onen!s 4.;res-onen!s

25.@6=/ 0ho 0ere e&!her !he

-re-ara!&on%oo&n)? 4 n+rs&n) s!+en!s 4.@=/ -ra%!&%e onl" -la")a(es

!hera-" an ano!her 4 res-onen!s 4.@=/ -ra%!&%e (+s&%* an%&n)*

-la")a(es. Onl" one res-onen! 2.6


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n+rs&n) s!+en!s 94.54=/ -er%ee !he sa(e as a (oera!el" e,,e%!e? 0h&le

!he re(a&n&n) 2< res-onen!s 42.;6=/ -er%ee (&l&e+ !hera-" as an

e,,e%!e !rea!(en! !o (en!al -a!&en!s. None o, !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s -er%ee

(&l&e+ !hera-" as a no! so e,,e%!e or &ne,,e%!e ,or( o, !rea!(en! !o -a!&en!s.

Us&n) %h&>s1+are !es!* no s&)n&,&%an! rela!&onsh&- 0as ,o+n 'e!0een !he

e(o)ra-h&% -ro,&le o, !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s an !he&r Z-er%e-!&ons on !he

e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o -a!&en!s.

F&nd&ngs

2. The ,ollo0&n) are !he ,&n&n)s o, !he s!+":2.2. S&!">,o+r n+rs&n) s!+en!s ha#e a)es ran)&n) ,ro( 2;>42 "ears

re-resen!&n) 4.;


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h"-o!hes&s &s a%%e-!e. There,ore* !here &s no s&)n&,&%an!

rela!&onsh&- 'e!0een a)e an !he n+rs&n) s!+en!s -er%e-!&on on

!he e,,e%!eness o, (&l&e+ !hera-" !o -a!&en!s.

5.4. A! ,e -er%en! s1+are #al+e o, 4.;@9 0as lesser

!han !he %r&!&%al #al+e o,


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e-ose an !ra&n !he( on !he &,,eren! (e!hos o, !rea!(en! ,or (en!al

-a!&en!s an %on+%! (ore res-ons&'&l&!&es as n+rs&n) a--ren!&%es !o

'+&l +- !he&r %are>)&n) a!!&!+es !o &(-ro#e !he&r n+rs&n) s&lls an

%o(-e!en%&es an e#elo- !he&r so%&al an 'eha#&oral a!!&!+es

!o0ars -eers an -a!&en!s al&e


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SURVEY 7UESTIONNAIRE

E%%ect&*eness !% M&eu Tera"$ t! Menta# Pat&ents as Perce&*ed .$ Nurs&ngStudents Ass&gned at te Ca*&te Menta# Hea#t Center

Na(e: JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

Se%!&on: JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

I. De(o)ra-h&% Pro,&le

2. A)e: JJJJJJJ

4. Gener:JJJJJJJ MaleJJJJJJJ Fe(ale


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5. B&r!h orer:JJJJJJJ 2s!

JJJJJJJ 4n

JJJJJJJ 5rJJJJJJJ 6!h

JJJJJJJ

O!hers* -lease s-e%&," JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

6. T"-es o, M&l&e+ Thera-" Pra%!&%e:JJJJJJJ ar!JJJJJJJ s&n)&n)JJJJJJJ an%&n)JJJJJJJ -la" or )a(esJJJJJJJ ,oo -re-ara!&on an %oo&n)

II. E,,e%!eness o, M&l&e+ Thera-"

Ins!r+%!&ons: Please ans0er ea%h &!e( !r+!h,+ll". Base "o+r ans0ers solel",ro( "o+r o'ser#a!&ons o, !he e(o!&onal* so%&al an 'eha#&oral s!a!+s o, !he(en!al -a!&en!s a,!er +ner)o&n) (&l&e+ !hera-". Re,ra&n ,ro( sol&%&!&n) o-&n&ons,ro( %lass(a!es or hos-&!al s!a,, ass&)ne a! !he ,a%&l&!". Use !he Po&n! L&er!S%ale 'elo0 !o )+&e "o+ &n ans0er&n) !he 1+es!&ons on !he ,ollo0&n) -a)es:

< > al0a"s6 > o,!en5 > so(e!&(es4 > selo(2 > ne#er

O.ser*at&!ns 8 9 : / 1

A. E(o!&onal S!a!+s

2/ Man&,es! s&)ns o, )a&n&n) ho-e an &ns-&ra!&on

4/ Feels a%%e-!an%e an 'elon)&n)ness '"see&n)0an!&n) %o(-an&onsh&-,r&ensh&- o, o!hers

5/ See(s !o 'e a0are !ha! shehe &s no! alone

6/ Eh&'&! e%rease le#els o, an&e!"


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Bor)ea* L. an Fa)er(oen'a* M. S. 4@@;. 3holeness an sel,>0or!h &n !&(e ans-a%e. He(ar Uners&!" Colle)e* Fa%+l!" o, Heal!h an S-or!s*V&ers+n' Aer Uners&!" Hos-&!al Uners&!" o, Oslo* Ins!&!+!e o,N+rs&n) an Heal!h S%&en%es* Oslo* Nor0a". Re!r&e#e ,ro(:tt"2;;666,&n%!r'a6!r#d,c!'* A+)+s! 24* 4@@

C&o(-&* L. an Ho,,(ann* H. 4@@6. Con%e-!+al Bases o, So!er&a Berne:Thera-e+!&% Conse1+en%es an The&r Pra%!&%al Real&8a!&on &n So!er&aBerne Cl&n&%al O'ser#a!&ons. Se%!or&8e Co((+n&!" Ps"%h&a!r"De-ar!(en!* Berne Uners&!" Hos-&!al o, So%&al an Co((+n&!"Ps"%h&a!r"* Berne* S0&!8erlan. Co-"r&)h! 3orl Ps"%h&a!r&% Asso%&a!&on.Re!r&e#e ,ro(: tt"2;;666,"u.'edcentra#,n&,g!** A+)+s! 24* 4@@

Cone* B. 4@@6. Ph&l&--&nes Men!al Heal!h Co+n!r" Pro,&le. In!erna!&onal Re#&e0o, Ps"%h&a!r" 2924/* 2'ase -s"%hoso%&al!rea!(en!s ,or %h&lren an aoles%en!s 0&!h &sr+-!e 'eha#&or. $o+rnalo, Cl&n&%al Ch&l an Aoles%en! Ps"%holo)". 5;2/:4245;

No!es* V. The H&s!or" o, M&l&e+ Thera-". Fro( !he C&r%le !o !he Ins!&!+!&on.

Re!r&e#e ,ro(: 000.an)el,&re.%o(nsso+!heas!ernn+rse*$+l" 2@* 4@@

Re"es* 3.R.* P+r&s&(a* D. T.* Ra"(+no* R.N.D.* G+errero* R.S.* Meno8a* N.

R. an Ra"(+no* M.C.L. 4@@;. 4@@; 3HOAIMS Re-or! on Men!al

Heal!h S"s!e( &n !he Ph&l&--&nes: An Assess(en!. Re!r&e#e ,ro(:

h!!-:000.0ho.&n!'+lle!&n#ol+(es99@;>@64;en&ne.h!(l * $+l" 22*

4@@

S!e&n,&el* R. an OBr&en* P. Heal!h Care E#al+a!&on: A&%!e Beha#&ors.Re!r&e#e ,ro(: h!!-:000.(araraha"a.or)* A+)+s! 24* 4@@

C, Pu.#&sed;Un"u.#&sed Tes&s
http://www.informaworld.com/http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1414694http://findarticles.com/p/articles/http://www.austincc.edu/adnlev3/rnsg2213online/milieu/How%20would%20you%20define%20&%20describe%20a%20therapeutic%20milieu?http://www.austincc.edu/adnlev3/rnsg2213online/milieu/How%20would%20you%20define%20&%20describe%20a%20therapeutic%20milieu?http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/6/07-042788/en/index.htmlhttp://www.informaworld.com/http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1414694http://findarticles.com/p/articles/http://www.austincc.edu/adnlev3/rnsg2213online/milieu/How%20would%20you%20define%20&%20describe%20a%20therapeutic%20milieu?http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/6/07-042788/en/index.html


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A'ella* $. 4@@4. Case S!+&es o, Dr+) A&%!s Trea!e 0&!h !he Ao-!eM&nneso!a Moel a! L&,e Mana)e(en! Fo+na!&on. De La Salle Uners&!".Ta,! A#en+e* Man&la. Re!r&e#e ,ro( h!!-:000.(araraha"a.or)* A+)+s!24* 4@@

Gor!ner E.M.* R+e S.S.* an Penne'aer $.3. 4@@9. Bene,&!s o, e-resse0r&!&n) &n lo0er&n) r+(&na!&on an e-resse s"(-!o(s. Beha#&oralThera-". 5;5/:44>5@5. Re!r&e#e ,ro(: h!!-:000.,&n>heal!h>ar!&%les.%o(* A+)+s! 24* 4@@

Ha(aa* H.* A'an&lla* .* Ba+!a* B.* an H+an)* .Y. 4@@. E#al+a!&n) !he 3HO

Assess(en! Ins!r+(en! ,or Men!al Heal!h S"s!e(s '" %o(-ar&n) (en!al

heal!h -ol&%&es &n ,o+r %o+n!r&es. Re!r&e#e ,ro(: h!!-:000.0ho.&n!* $+l"

22* 4@@

+((o* $. C. 4@@;. Meas+r&n) !he I(-a%! o, M&l&e+ Thera-" ,or S!+en!s

E%l+e ,ro( P+'l&% S%hools. Ins!&!+!e ,or Cl&n&%al So%&al 3or. Ch&%a)o*Ill&no&s. Re!r&e#e ,ro( h!!-:heal!h.s!a!e+ners&!".%o(* $+l" 22* 4@@

D, Internet S!urces

(en!al -a!&en!s a! CCMH* %%(h"ahoo)ro+-.%o(* $+l" 4heal!h>ar!&%les.%o(* $+l" @*4@@

(&l&e+ !hera-"* h!!-:000.#&r!+al(e&%al%en!re.%o(Me&%alJD&%!&onar" * $+l"

@* 4@@
http://www.find-health-articles.com/http://www.find-health-articles.com/http://www.who.int/http://health.stateuniversity.com/mailto:[email protected]://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milieu_Therapyhttp://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Milieu_therapyhttp://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Milieu_therapyhttp://www.find-health-articles.com/http://www.find-health-articles.com/http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/Medical_Dictionaryhttp://www.find-health-articles.com/http://www.find-health-articles.com/http://www.who.int/http://health.stateuniversity.com/mailto:[email protected]://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milieu_Therapyhttp://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Milieu_therapyhttp://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Milieu_therapyhttp://www.find-health-articles.com/http://www.find-health-articles.com/http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/Medical_Dictionary


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