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Via Sapientiae Via Sapientiae

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Sep 11th, 12:00 AM

Effective Coping Strategies to Reduce Nursing Burnout: An Effective Coping Strategies to Reduce Nursing Burnout: An

Integrative Literature Review Integrative Literature Review

Martha Amador martikis_7@hotmail.com

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Part of the Nursing Commons

Amador, Martha, "Effective Coping Strategies to Reduce Nursing Burnout: An Integrative Literature Review" (2018). Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium. 1. https://via.library.depaul.edu/nursing-colloquium/2019/summer/1

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Background: Nursingburnoutisaglobalconcernhowever,itremainsunclearwhichcopingstrategiesareeffectiveatpreventingthisphenomenon.Nursesplayacriticalroleinthehealthcaresystem,duetothefactthattheyactasmediatorsofpatient-physiciancommunicationandstrivetoprovidesafepatient-centeredcare.Nonetheless,nurses’jobdutiesarestressfulastheycareforpatients,families,communities,andindividualsatriskforhealthconditions(Mohamed,2016).Nursingburnouthasbeenattributedtothedemandingphysicallabor,humansuffering,workhours,staffingdebacles,andinterpersonalrelationshipsthatarecentraltoanurse’sworkday(Jennings,2008).Burnoutisdefinedasemotionalexhaustion,depersonalization,andreducedprofessionalefficacythatmayoccurinnursesrelatedtotheirinvolvementinhealthcare(Mohamed,2016;Shinetal.,2014).Burnoutisofsignificantconcerninthehealthcarefieldduetoitsnegativeimpactinjobperformance,workcommitment,jobsatisfaction,employeeturnover,andhealthandwell-beinginindividuals,amongother(Shinetal.,2014).Copingreferstotheabilitytosuccessfullymanagedemandswhenaperson’sresourcesaretaxedorexceeded(Singh,Sharma&Sharma,2011).

Methods: AcomputerizedsearchoftheliteraturewasconductedusingPubMedandtheCumulativeIndextoNursingandAlliedHealthLiterature(CINAHL)Complete.Toconductasearchoftheliterature,multipletextcombinationswereusedthatincludedthefollowingsubjectheadings:burnout,coping,copingstrategies,andburnoutinnursing.Inclusioncriteria:Peer-reviewedarticlesfrom2008to2018,availableinEnglish,andofthenursingormedicinedisciplinethatfocusedoneffectivestrategiestoreducenursingburnout.Exclusioncriteria:Articlesthatdidnothavetitlepertainingtothetopicofinterest,duplicates,andarticlesthatdidnothaveafull-textversion.

Results: Sixstudiesexaminedtherelationshipbetweeneffectivecopingmechanismsandnursingburnout.Thesestudiessuggestedvariousstrategiestocopewithjobrelatedstress.Seekinghelp:bytakingsupportofcoworkers,otherstaff,familymembers,amongothers,helpstobettercopewithjobstressors(Akbar,Elahi,Mohammadi&Khoshknab,2015).Spiritualcoping:prayersandseekinghelpfromasuperiorforcehasbeenaneffectivecopingstrategy,andhasshowntorelievetensioninnurses(Salaree,Zareiyan,Ebadi&Salaree,2014).Self-controlling:nursesusedthisstrategytoemotionallyandcognitivelyfocusonself-controlratherthanstressfulexternalconditionsandincreasetheiradaptationtothesituationthatdisruptsthebalanceoftheseaspects.Positivethinking,silence,toleranceandforcedacceptance,crying,self-learning,theuseofrecreationandsportsareself-controlstrategiesused(Akbar,Elahi,Mohammadi&Khoshknab,2015).Mindfulness:incorporatingmindfulness-basedstressreductionstrategiessuchasmeditation,breathing,healthyeating,awareness,acceptance,focustothepresentmoment,andrecognizingunpleasantsensations,thoughtsandfeelingshavesignificantlyreducedburnoutrates,hasincreasedmood,andhaspromotedpositiveattitudechanges(Asuero,Queraltó,Pujol-Ribera,Berenguera,Rodriguez-Blanco,&Epstein,2014).

Research Questions: What are effective coping strategies that can help reduce nursing burnout?

Effective Coping Strategies to Reduce Nursing Burnout An Integrative Review of Literature

Student: Martha Amador, MS Research Advisor: Elizabeth Hartman, PhD, RN

Problem Statement: Nursingisanintegralcomponenttothedeliveryofqualitypatienthealthcare.Theroleofnursingtodeliversuchcarehasagreatamountofassociatedstress.Thepurposeofthisliteraturereviewwastoidentifystrategiesthathavebeeneitherimplementedpreviously,orsuggestedascopingmeasuresfornurses.Thisreviewexploredfactorsthatputnursesatriskofburnoutanddiscussestheimportanceofburnoutprevention.

Nursing Practice Implications: Nursingpracticeshouldfocusonpreventingprofessionalburnouttoimprovequalityofworkinglife.Addressingnursingburnoutbyestablishingeffectivecopingstrategiescanhelpreducetheeffectsofworkrelatedstressors(Lee,Kuo,Chien&Wang,2016).Nursesshouldmitigatenursingburnoutbyseekingresourcesthatareeffectiveinstressreductionsuchasasupportgroups,mindfulnesstraining,self-controlclasses,andspiritualgroups.

Conceptual Framework

References:Akbar,R.E.,Elahi,N.,Mohammadi,E.,&Khoshknab,M.F.(2015).WhatStrategiesDotheNursesApplytoCopeWithJobStress?:AQualitativeStudy.GlobalJournalofHealthScience,8(6),55-64.doi:10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p55.Asuero,A.M.,Queraltó,J.M.,Pujol-Ribera,E.,Berenguera,A.,Rodriguez-Blanco,T.,&Epstein,R.M.(2014).EffectivenessofaMindfulnessEducationPrograminPrimaryHealthCareProfessionals:APragmaticControlledTrial.JournalofContinuingEducationintheHealthProfessions,34(1),4-12.doi:10.1002/chp.21211.Günüşen,N.,&Üstün,B.(2010).AnRCTofcopingandsupportgroupstoreduceburnoutamongnurses.InternationalNursingReview,57(4),485-492.doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2010.00808.x.Grove,S.K.,Burns,N.,&Gray,J.(2013).Thepracticeofnursingresearch:Appraisal,Synthesis,andgenerationofevidence(7thed.).St.Louis,MO:Elsevier/Saunders.Jennings,B.M.(2008).Workstressandburnoutamongnurses:roleoftheworkenvironmentandworkingconditions.RetrievedOctober18,2018,fromhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2668/.Lee,H.,Kuo,C.,Chien,T.,&Wang,Y.(2016).AMeta-AnalysisoftheEffectsofCopingStrategiesonReducingNurseBurnout.AppliedNursingResearch,31,100-110.doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2016.01.001.Masterson,L.(2017,May12).Nursesareburntout.Here'showhospitalscanhelp.RetrievedOctober21,2018,fromhttps://www.healthcaredive.com/news/nurses-are-burnt-out-heres-how-hospitals-can-help/442640/.McEwen,M.,&Wills,E.M.(2014).Theoreticalbasisfornursing(4thed.).Philadelphia,PA:LippincottWilliams&Wilkins.Mohamed,F.R.(2016).Relationshipamongnursesroleoverload,burnoutandmanagerialcopingstrategiesatintensivecareunits.InternationalJournalofNursingEducation,8(2),39.doi:10.5958/0974-9357.2016.00044.1.Parker,M.E.(1990).Nursingtheoriesinpractice.NewYork:NationalLeagueForNursing.Salaree,M.M.,Zareiyan,A.,Ebadi,A.,&Salaree,M.(2014).CopingStrategiesUsedbyIranianNursestoDealWithBurnout:AQualitativeResearch.GlobalJournalofHealthScience,6(6).doi:10.5539/gjhs.v6n6p273.Sauerland,J.,Marotta,K.,Peinemann,M.A.,Berndt,A.,&Robichaux,C.(2014).Assessingandaddressingmoraldistressandethicalclimate,part1.DimensionsofCriticalCareNursing,33(4),234-245.doi:10.1097/DCC.0000000000000050.Shimpuku,Y.andNorr,K.F.(2012),Workingwithinterpretersincross-culturalqualitativeresearchinthecontextofadevelopingcountry:systematicliteraturereview.JournalofAdvancedNursing,68:1692-1706.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.05951.x.Shin,H.,Park,Y.M.,Ying,J.Y.,Kim,B.,Noh,H.,&Lee,S.M.(2014).Relationshipsbetweencopingstrategiesandburnoutsymptoms:Ameta-analyticapproach.ProfessionalPsychology:ResearchandPractice,45(1),44-56.doi:10.1037/a0035220.Singh,C.,Sharma,S.,&Sharma,R.K.(2011).Levelofstressandcopingstrategiesusedbynursinginterns.NursingandMidwiferyResearch,7(4),152-160.RetrievedOctober18,2018,fromhttp://medind.nic.in/nad/t11/i4/nadt11i4p152.pdf.Whittemore,R.,&Knafl,K.(2005).Theintegrativereview:Updatedmethodology.JournalofAdvancedNursing,52(5),546-553.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x

(Nolen-Hoeksema,Wisco,&Lyubomirsky’s,2008)

DEFINITIONS:Newman’sSystemModelfocusesonthereactionsthatapersonorcommunitypresentswhenundergoingavarietyofstressorsintheirenvironment(McEwen&Willis,2014).Defenselines:basicsurvivalfactorsthatprotectthecentralcoreagainststressors.Defenselinesinvolvephysiological,psychological,sociocultural,andspiritualdimensionsthatrespondtothestressor.Ifburnoutoccurs,thelinesofdefensearedamaged,andthesystembecomesdisrupted(Günüşen&Üstün,2010).