Effective and safe disinfection with chlorine dioxide systems/Oxiperm... · Info_Chlorine...

Brochure for marketing and engineering

Info_Chlorine Dioxide_08.06EN

Effective and safe disinfection with

chlorine dioxide

þDestruction of biofilm > eliminates breeding space for legionella

þNo THM or chloramine formation > reduction in taste and odour of chlorine

þDisinfection independent of pH value

þMultiple fields of application

Info_Chlorine Dioxide_08.06EN www.alldos.comPage �

Disinfection with chlorine dioxide

Decades of experience and research have revealed, that many disinfection tasks can be accomplished much better with the addition of chlorine dioxide. ALLDOS offers solutions for effective and safe disinfection: the Oxiperm® chlorine dioxide generation systems.

The easy-to-operate Oxiperm® systems are suitable for almost all water treatment applications requiring disinfection:

• Drinkingwatertreatment• Industrialwasteandprocesswater• Coolingwaterandwastewater

In sectors such as the food&beverageindustry, where taste & smell of the disinfectant need to be minimized, more & more users are switching over to chlorine dioxide disin-fection. Even in CIP(CleaningInPlace)applications, the demand for chlorine dioxide generation systems is growing.

Advantages of chlorine dioxide• The disinfection effect of chlorine dioxide is significantly better than e.g. of chlorine in

the same concentration.

• Selective effect: no formation of toxic chloramines and haloforms (THM) –> no bad smell or taste.

• High redox potential and thus very strong disinfection (oxidation) effect.

• Compared to other biocides, chlorine dioxide has a considerably stronger disinfection effect to pathogens including viruses, bacteria, spores & algae.

• Higher oxidation potential than chlorine.

• Long residence time: even chlorine-resistent germs, such as legionella, are destroyed safely and completely by chlorine dioxide.

• Disinfection independent from the pH value > ideal for disinfection of high alkaline pH water.

• Elimination of biofilm in pipes: deprives bacteria (legionella) of their nutrients.

Chlorine dioxide gives legionella no chance

Problems of other disinfection methods:

• Recontamination of treated water – primarily at high temperatures.

• Excellent conditions for the increase of pathogens at temperatures of �5°C to 45°C and a pH value of 6.9. At 30°C to 35°C one population can double within a few hours.

• Most other chemical disinfectants including chemical-free methods do not biofilm!

Optimum solution with ALLDOS chlorine dioxide systems:

• The continuous addition of chlorine dioxide provides extremely effective disinfection.

• Chlorine dioxide reduces the formation of & strips biofilm so that legionella cannot set-tle. Thermal destruction of legionella is unnecessary.

• Mobile or stationary Oxiperm® systems produce chlorine dioxide on site.

• Oxiperm® systems offer maximum process reliability and safety.

Chlorine dioxide preparationEquation of the acid / chlorite reaction:

with diluted or concentrated chemicals• NaCIO� : diluted: 7.5 % by weight concentrated: �4.5 % by weight• HCI diluted: 9.0 % by weight concentrated: 33.0 % by weight

Equation of the chlorine gas / chlorite reaction:

with concentrated sodium chlorite solution NaCIO� �4.5 % by weight

5 NaCIO2 + 4 HCI –> 4 CIO2 + 5 NaCI + 2 H2O

2 NaCIO2 + CI2 -> 2 CIO2 + 2 NaCI

Targeting legionella

Acid / chlorite method

Chlorine gas / chlorite method

Disinfection effect of chlorine dioxide compared to chlorine

Chlorine dioxide

Info_Chlorine Dioxide_08.06EN www.alldos.com

Comparing chlorine dioxide to other disinfectants

Chlorine gas

Problem Chlorine gas Advantage of chlorine dioxideFormation of AOX / THM: Yes:

• possible carcinogenic properties• irritation of the mucous membranes

No formation of AOX / THM: • no carcinogenic properties• no irritation of the mucous membranes

Formation of chloramines: Yes: • significant reduction of the disinfection effect• bad taste and bad smell

No formation of chloramines • constant disinfection capacity• no bad taste and bad smell

Dependency on pH-value: Yes: • significant reduction of the disinfection effect

Disinfection independent from the pH value• large field of applications in the treatment of drink-

ing and industrial water

Safety risks: High standards• in handling and storing chlorine gas

With Oxiperm® 164 (acid method) chlorine gas storage handling eliminated

Problems with certain pathogens:

Problems with chlorine resistant pathogens Effective even against chlorine resistant pathogens• even spore-forming chlorine resistant pathogens

are reliably deactivated or killed

Redox potential (oxidation performance):

Relatively small redox potential Higher redox potential• better oxidation performance with similar process

conditions

Organic biocides Benzyl ammonium chlorides, bromo-/nitro-propane-alcohols or -amides, formalin (formaldehyde)

Problem Biocides Advantage of chlorine dioxideRestricted field of applications:

The use of organic biocides is restricted:• impossible in drinking water treatment or similar

fields of application

Large field of applications:• disinfection of drinking water, waste water, process

water, cooling water and industrial water

Resistances: Resistances appear, whenever the same organic biocides are used repeatedly• reduction of the disinfection effect• an increasing concentration of biocides has to be used to

obtain the same disinfection effect

No resistances • constant disinfection effect

Ozone

Problem Ozone Advantage of chlorine dioxideThe disinfectant has to be eliminated afterwards

Ozone has to be completely eliminated in most cases• additional activated carbon filters are needed

Elimination of ClO2 is not necessary: chlorine dioxide has an excellent repository effect for sustainable disinfection

Influence on organic matters in water and in pipework:

Radical influence on organic components:• non biodegradable substances can be transformed into

bacteriologically disposable matters (nutrients for bacteria after ozonization)

Reduces biofilm in pipework and prevents the formation of new biofilm:• bacteria, especially legionella are deprived of their

nutrients

Installation costs: High installation costs• extensive installations with cooling unit, • oxygen method: preparation/production of pure oxygen

with a downstream activated carbon filter • high and costly amount of maintenance

Oxiperm®: comparatively low installation costs• well-priced, durable components• low amount of maintenance required

Ultraviolet light

Problem UV Advantage of chlorine dioxideProblems caused by residua of disinfectants:

Only local disinfection• secondary disinfection post UV treatment is necessary to

provide a residual

Sustainable disinfection effect

Dependency of the disinfection effect:

In case of non-controlled UV systems: disinfection effect depending on the flow parameters• the intensity of radiation depends on the flow (degree

of turbulence) and the water quality (humic substances, general turbidity and turbidity in secondary precipitation – in case of Fe, Mn UV causes oxidation)

Sustainable disinfection effect• pathogens are definitely killed• biofilm in pipework is eliminated

Maintenance costs: Relatively high maintenance costs of UV systems• annual exchange of the UV lamps is necessary• every three to five years the quartz sleeves of the lamps

have to be exchanged – depending on the water quality

Oxiperm®: comparatively low maintenance costs• well-priced, durable components• low amount of maintenance required

Chlorine dioxide


Oxiperm®: safe chlorine dioxide production on site• DVGW compliant and DEGUSSA tested process engineering• Maximum dosing precision and optimized chemical conversion of up to 98%.

Oxiperm® 164 acid/sodiumchloritemethod(HCl/NaClO2):

164 D for diluted chemicals D = Diluted

164 C for concentrated chemicals C = Concentrated

Oxiperm® 164 D 5 – 2.000 g/h Oxiperm® 164 C 150 – 2.500 g/h Oxiperm® 164 C 4.000 – 10.000 g/h

Oxiperm® 166 chlorinegas/sodiumchloritemethod(Cl/NaClO2):

• With min. and max. limit contacts

Oxiperm® 166 750 – 10.000 g/h

Mobile systems 164 D for diluted chemicals

on request.

• Compact installation with Oxiperm® 164 D. • In batch operation with integrated chlorine dioxide storage tank

and separate collecting trays for the chemicals. • Ready for connection with dosing pump and hose connection.

Mobile system on a solid steel frame

for 5 – 10 g/h

Mobile system on a solid steel frame

for 30 – 220 g/h

Oxiperm® chlorine dioxide generation systems


Oxiperm® 164 D for diluted chemicals

Systemsforcontinuousoperation(continuous water flow)

Legend

1 Oxiperm® 164 D electronics

2 Connection for bypass water input

3 Connection for the ClO� solution line output to the injection unit

4 Suction line for the HCl dosing pump

5 Suction line for the NaClO� dosing pump

6 Shut-off valve (supplied by customer)

7 Sample extraction (by customer)

8 Check valve (by customer) for operation with an internal bypass pump

9 Shut-off valve for bypass water extrac-tion (supplied by customer)

10 Exhaust system for supporting rack (op-tion) (not for front installation systems)

11 Dilution tank with level monitoring (op-tion) for batch operation

12 Pressure loading valves (by customer) for system backpressure < 1 bar

13 Inductive flowmeter 4-�0 mA or contact water meter for proportional control of the system

Note: For protection of the drinking water supply the customer has to provide a pipe disconnector (to DVGW, W624).

Oxiperm® 164 D 5-2000 g/h with solenoid valve Oxiperm® 164 D 5-2000 g/h with internal bypass pump

67

3

1

10

54

2

9

13

12

HClNaClO2

8 139

1

67

10

54

2

3

HClNaClO2

SystemsforbatchoperationOxiperm® 164 D 5 – 10 g/h

internal dilution tank (at the back of the system)Oxiperm® 164 D 30 – 2000 g/h

external dilution tank

2

9

1

45

10

HClNaClO2

3

1

10

54

2

6

11

9

HClNaClO2ClO2

TechnicaldataType CIO2

generation capacity

[g/h]

Consumption of components [l/h] VersionsHCI

9%byw.

NaClO2 7.5%byw.

Water

continuous operation

Water batch operation Continuous operation Batch operation

Sole

noid

va

lve

Inte

rnal

by

pass

pu

mp

Exte

rnal

by

pass

pu

mp

Fron

t in-

st

alla

tion

Exte

rnal

di

lutio

n ta

nk

Inte

rnal

di

lutio

n ta

nk

Mob

ile

syst

ems* adjustment of the

ClO2 concentration in the dilution tank to:

0.5 g/l * 1 g/l * � g/l *164-005D 5 0.1� 150 9.9 5.8 – þ þ þ þ – þ request

164-010D 10 0.�3 150 19.8 9.6 4.6 þ þ þ þ – þ request

0.5 - � g/l * � - 3.3 g/l *164-030D 30 0.7 4�0 14 14-7.7 þ þ þ þ þ – request

164-120D 1�0 �.9 4�0 55 55 - 31 þ þ þ þ þ – request

164-220D ��0 5.� 4�0 100 100 - 56 þ þ þ þ þ – request

164-350D 350 8.3 4�0 160 160 - 89 þ þ þ – þ – –

164-700D 700 16.5 900 3�0 3�0 - 179 þ þ þ – request – –

164-1000D 1000 �4 900 450 450 - �58 þ þ þ – request – –

164-1500D 1500 35 900 680 680 - 383 þ þ þ – request – –

164-2000D �000 48 900 900 900 - 517 þ þ þ – request – –



Oxiperm® 164 C for concentrated chemicals, 150 to 2500 g/h

Systemsforcontinuousoperation(continuous water flow)

Legend

1 Oxiperm® 164 D electronics

2 Connection for bypass water input

3 Connection for the ClO� solution line output to the injection unit

4 Suction line for the HCl dosing pump

5 Suction line for the NaClO� dosing pump

6 Shut-off valve (supplied by customer)

7 Sample extraction (by customer)

8 Check valve (by customer) for opera-tion with an internal bypass pump

9 Shut-off valve for bypass water extrac-tion (supplied by customer)

10 Exhaust system for supporting rack (option)

11 Dilution tank with level monitoring (op-tion) for batch operation

12 Pressure loading valves (by customer) for system backpressure < 1 bar

13 Inductive flowmeter 4-�0 mA or contact water meter for proportional control of the system

Note: For protection of the drinking water supply the customer has to provide a pipe discon-nector (to DVGW, W624).

Oxiperm® 164 C with solenoid valve Oxiperm® 164 C with internal bypass pump

12

13

2

67

45

9

1

10

3

H2ONaClO2 HCl

13

9

87

6

3

1

2

4

10

5

H2ONaClO2 HCl

SystemsforbatchoperationOxiperm® 164 C for batch operation (external dilution tank)

1

10 2

9

3

10 11 12 13

2

3

5 4

11

6

H2ONaClO2 HClClO2

Technical dataType CIO2

generation capacity

[g/h]

Consumption of components [l/h] Versions

HCI 33%byw.

NaClO2 24.5%byw.

Water dilution

Water continuous operation

Water batch operation

Continuous operation

Batch operation

Sole

noid

val

ve

Inte

rnal

by

pass

pum

p

Exte

rnal

by

pass

pum

p

Exte

rnal

di

lutio

n ta

nk

Inte

rnal

di

lutio

n ta

nk

Mob

ile

syst

ems* adjustment of the

ClO2 concentration in the dilution tank to:

0.5 - � g/l * � - 3.3 g/l *

164-0150C 150 1.0 5.5 4�0 70 70-39 þ þ þ þ – –

164-450C 450 �.8 16 4�0 �00 �00-116 þ þ þ þ – –

164-750C 750 4.8 �7 900 340 340-193 þ þ þ request – –

164-1300C 1300 8.� 46 900 590 590-336 þ þ þ request – –

164-�500C �500 16.0 90 900 1150 1150-650 þ þ þ request – –



Oxiperm® 164 C for concentrated chemicals, 4000 to10,000 g/h

Systemforbatchoperationwithinternaldilutiontank

Front view

3

12

13

1

2

11

10

Top view

86 45 7 9

Legend

1 Water supply (bypass and dilution)

2 Connection for NaClO�

3 Connection for HCl

4 Connection for ClO� extraction

5 Outlet exhaust injector for dilution tank

6 Overflow device for dilution tank, customer provides the pipework to a neutralization system

7 ClO� dilution tank

8 Water preparation tank for the dilution of HCl

9 ClO� reactor

10 Flow of H�O for the dilution of HCl

11 Flow of HCl

12 Flow of NaClO�

13 Flow of H�O, bypass water

Technical dataType CIO2-

generation capacity

[g/h]

Consumption of components [l/h] Versions

HCI 33%byw.

NaClO2 24.5%byw.

Water bypass

Water dilution

Water exhaust injector

(in the dilution tank)

Water total

Batch operation

Exte

rnal

di

lutio

n ta

nk

Inte

rnal

di

lutio

n ta

nk

Mob

ile

syst

ems

* adjustment of the ClO2 concentration in

the dilution tank to:

* adjustment of the ClO2 concentration in

the dilution tank to:

� - 3 g/l � - 3 g/l

164-4000C 4000 �4 1810-1150 140 1400 3400-�690 – þ –

164-6000C 6000 37 �7�0-17�0 �15 1900 4900-3865 – þ –

164-7500C 7500 46 3400-�150 �65 �300 6000-4715 – þ –

164-10000C 10000 63 4530-�860 355 3100 8000-6315 – þ –



Oxiperm® 166, 750 to 10,000 g/h

Systemforbatchoperationwithinternaldilutiontank

2.3

2.4

2.2

1.6

2.1

1.5

2.5

1.2

1.1

4

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.1

1.4

3.2

6

7

5

1.3

8

9

3.6

1. Dosing system for NaClO2

1.1 Connection for NaClO�

1.2 Calibration vessel

1.3 Suction device

1.4 Piston diaphragm dosing pump with deaeration valve

1.5 Pulsation damper with manometer

1.6 Flow meter with limit switch for NaClO�

2. Dosing system for chlorine gas

2.1 Cl� vacuum connection (of the vacuum regulator)

2.2 Flow meter with limit switch for Cl�

2.3 Cl� adjusting valve

2.4 Differential pressure regulator for Cl�2.5 Injector for Cl�

3. (Operating) water supply

3.1 Water supply (bypass and dilution)

3.2 Water supply for the exhaust injector

3.3 Water supply for injector and post-dilution device

3.4 Flow meter with limit switch for injector operating water

3.5 Flow meter with limit switch for post-dilution

3.6 Water flow adjusting valves

4. Control panel for PLC, operating unit with LC display5. ClO2 reactor6. ClO2 batch tank with level sensor

Min., Max., dry run and overflow7. Absorption filter8. Outlet suction injector for the batch tank9. ClO2 discharge connection

Technical dataType ClO2

generation capacity

[kg/h]

Consumption of componentsChlorine gas

[kg/h]

NaClO2 24.5%byweight

[l/h]

Water [l/h]

chlorine injector

Water [l/h]

dilution

Water [l/h]

exhaust injector

Water [l/h] total

166-007G 750 0.5 3.6 150 90 700 940166-015G 1500 1.0 7.� �80 �00 1100 1580166-0�5G �500 1.65 1� 470 340 �400 3�00166-050G 5000 3.3 �4 940 680 ��00 3790166-075G 7500 4.9 36 1400 1000 3400 5800166-100G 10000 6.6 48 1900 1300 4�00 7400



Continuous operation

Without measurement and control

Control with a contact water meter

NOTE: The contact water meter has to be designed in a way that the number of input pulses for the Oxiperm control is between 1 - 45 pulses/sec.

Control with a magnetic inductive flow meter (IDM)

NaClO2 HCl NaClO2 HCl

With measurement and control of the chlorine dioxide concentration (see page 12)

NOTE: Sample water recirculation on request.

Control by excess regulation• measurement and control of the chlorine dioxide concentra-

tion with Conex® Multi Compact or Conex® Ultra Compact

Compound-loop control• measurement and control of the chlorine dioxide concentra-

tion with Conex® Dosipos Compact• measurement of the water flow with an IDM

NaClO2 HCl

4..20mA

NaClO2 HCl

4..20 mA

4..20 mA

Water supplyContact water meter

Min. contact water sensor

Bypass water

Water supplyIDM 0 (4) - 20 mA

Compact measurement & control systemConex® Dosipos Compact

Compact measurement & control system

Bypass water

Bypass waterBypass water

Water supply



IDM 0 (4) - 20 mA Water supply

Operating modes of Oxiperm® systems



Batch operation with a ClO2 solution tank

In batch operation the generated ClO� is continuously filled into a solution tank (batch tank). The ClO� concentration of the solution can be adjusted between 0.5 and 3.3 g/l.

• AdjustmentoftheClO2concentrationinthetankbetween2and3.3g/l: the system operates at 100% of the indicated max. capacity > e.g. Oxiperm® 164-�000D à 100% capacity = �000 g/h

• AdjustmentoftheClO2concentrationinthetankbelow2g/ldownto0.5g/l: If the bypass water flow is set to constant, the dosing quantity of the chemicals (HCl / NaClO�) is regulated. The system therefore reduces its capacity in proportion to the decreasing ClO� concentration.

• If the min. contact (LSL) is reached, the Oxiperm system starts operating.• If the max. contact (LSH) is reached, the chlorine dioxide production is stopped.

When is a batch system appropriate?• In case there is more than one injection point.• In case of standstill periods of more than 1� hours.

When is a batch system necessary?• If the injection pressure is more than 7 to 9 bars (depending on the size of the system) a solution tank with an additional external

dosing pump is necessary.

System with batch unit, two dosing lines with excess regulation

NaClO2 HCl

Manual operationAll systems with or without a batch unit can also be operated manually.

• In manual operation, regulation by a contact water meter, IDM, excess regulation or level control is not possible.

Setting / function:• Set the Oxiperm system to a capacity between 10 and 100%. • In case of manual operation of a batch system:

The Oxiperm system fills the solution tank and shuts down after reaching the max. level (LSH). For a new filling, the system has to be restarted manually.

Bypass water

Water supply line 1

Water supply line �

ClO� measurement

ClO� measurement

Pump 1 Pump � LSHHLSH

LSLLSLL

Operating modes of Oxiperm® systems


Basic equation for the calculation of the size of an Oxiperm® system

Main water volume flow [m³/h] x ClO2 concentration [ppm = mg/l] = Oxiperm [g/h]

An example for drinking water, regardless of the water quality

• Maximum injection concentration according to TVO (German Drinking Water Ordinance) = 0.4 ppm [mg/l]

à calculation basis for the ClO� concentration: 0.5 ppm

• Main water volume flow = �00 m3/h

• ClO� concentration = 0.5 ppm

200 [m³/h] x 0.5 [ppm] = 100 [g/h] àselection:Oxiperm®164-120D

With regard to the water quality (chlorine dioxide consuming water contents)

Chlorine dioxide consuming water contents have to be reduced:

• Manganese and iron à the concentration of manganese and iron must be reduced

• Organic matters, such as phenols

• TOC content (TOC: Total Organic Carbon)

Procedure: • In all three points at least 5 minutes of retention / reaction time have to be kept.

• e.g. a two-chamber intermediate tank or an open reservoir with downstream filter (precipitation of iron and manganese).

NOTE: The consumption of chlorine dioxide depends on the temperature, the pH-value and the water composition.

Layout (selection) of the size

Info_Chlorine Dioxide_08.06EN

Presented by:

© �006 by ALLDOS Eichler GmbH

Subject to change!www.alldos.com15.800161 V0.0

Measurement of chlorine dioxide / measurement and control of the redox potential

All ALLDOS measurement and control systems can be used for the limited purpose of measurement but also for measure-ment and control purposes. Parameters are the chlorine dioxide concentration and/or the redox potential.

Chlorine dioxide measurement with Conex® Multi or Conex® Multi Compact

• Conex® Multi either measures and controls the chlorine dioxide concentration or measures the redox potential.

Order Nr. Version Technical data

350-��00 Conex® Multi for wall mounting • protection IP 65• potentiostatic method• with temperature compensation • � PID controllers • limit switch• max. cable length (distance to the sensors):

3 m for 350-��00, 100 m for 350-��05• �30 V (50/60 Hz)

more detailed description à please see Pl

350-��05 Conex® Multi for control panel mounting

314-31� Conex® Multi Compact

Compact measuring system with• pressure-proof measuring cell

AquaCell 314-306 (electric electrode cleaning motor)

• Conex® Multi 350-��00 for wall mounting

Hi-tech chlorine dioxide measurement with Conex® Dosipos or Conex® Dosipos Compact

Selective measurement, even in the presence of chlorine• Measures and controls the chlorine dioxide concentration and can simultaneously measure the redox potential

• Measures and controls the chlorine dioxide concentration and can simultaneously analyze the redox potential and the IDM signal (as disturbance variable) (compound-loop control)


35�-��00 Conex® Dosipos for wall mounting • with compound-loop control• protection IP 65• potentiostatic method• with temperature compensation• � PID controllers • limit switch• max. cable length (distance to the sensors):

3 m for 350-��00, 100 m for 350-��05• �30 V (50/60 Hz)


35�-��05 Conex® Dosipos for control panel mounting

314-315 Conex® Dosipos Compact



• Conex® Dosipos 35�-��00 for wall mounting

Low-budget chlorine dioxide measurement with Conex® Ultra or Conex® Ultra Compact

Not selective measurement• Measures and controls the chlorine dioxide concentration


346-�000 Conex® Ultra (Des) for wall mounting • protection IP 65• potentiostatic method• PI controller • limit switch• max. cable length (distance to the sensors): 3 m• �30 V (50/60 Hz), option �4 V DC


314-336 Conex® Ultra (Des) Compact



• Conex® Ultra (Des) 346-�000

Measurement and control for disinfection with chlorine dioxide

Effective and safe disinfection with chlorine dioxide systems/Oxiperm... · Info_Chlorine...

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