Effect of Various Herbicides on Switchgrass Establishment Chengjun Huo, Twain J. Butler, Jimmy D....
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Transcript of Effect of Various Herbicides on Switchgrass Establishment Chengjun Huo, Twain J. Butler, Jimmy D....
Effect of Various Herbicides on Switchgrass Establishment
Chengjun Huo, Twain J. Butler, Jimmy D. Stein and Sindy M. Interrante
The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation
Forage Improvement Division
2510 Sam Noble Parkway
Ardmore, OK 73401
Introduction
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial warm-season (C4) forage grass native to most of North American with:
Broad adaptation to wide range of soil pH (5-8))
High biomass yield (higher N and water use efficiency)
Low production cost Environmental benefits (e.g. soil erosion control, organic matter
enrichment, enhancement of wildlife habitat) Establishment of switchgrass is slow and difficult , is a major limitation for
its widespread use: Seed is very small Growth slow during early seeding year Affected by weeds competition
Improving rate of speed of establishment will increase production and utilization
Only a few herbicides have been labeled for use on switchgrass
Objective Determine herbicides (PRE and POE) can selectively remove weed
competition and improve establishment of switchgrass
Switchgrass – Cave-in-Rock Switchgrass – EG 1101
Materials and Methods Field experiment (RCBD with 4 replications in 2009), Various herbicides:
PRE: FirstRate, Strongarm, Siduron POE: Dual, Prowl, Dimension, Accent, Raptor, MSMA, Paramount, Option and Stam
Two switchgrass ecotypes• Upland type cultivar :Cave-in-Rock • Lowland type line: EG1011
Grassy weeds planted: Broadleaf signalgrass (BLSG), Crabgrass (CG), Johnsongrass (JG), Giant Foxtail (GFT) and TX panicum (TXPAN)
Switchgrass and grassy weeds were planted in spring and treated with both PRE, post-emergence (POE) and PRE followed by POE herbicides on sandy soil (at 1-2, 2-3 and 4-5 leaf stage)
Data recorded for injury at 30, 60 and 90 days after treatment (DAT) and percent coverage at the end of season.
Results
2009 Pre and 1-2-leaf stage (only) – EG1101 Injury
0
20
40
60
80
100
90 DAT 60 DAT 30 DAT
% I
njur
y
PRE trts. 1-2-leaf
2009 Pre and 1-2-leaf stage (only) – CaveInRock Injury
0
20
40
60
80
100
90 DAT 60 DAT 30 DAT
% I
njur
y
PRE trts. 1-2-leaf
Pre and 1-2-leaf stage only – Weed control 30 DAT - RR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
No
ne
.4F
irst
Ra
te
.6F
irst
Ra
te
.3S
tro
ng
arm
sid
uro
n .
Du
al
Pro
wl
Dim
ensi
on
Acc
ent
Ra
pto
r
MS
MA
Sta
m
Pa
ram
ou
nt
Op
tio
n
BLSG CG GFT JG TXPAN
PRE trts. 1-2-leaf
Pre and 1-2-leaf stage only – Coverage- RR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60N
one
.4F
irst
Rat
e
.6F
irst
Rat
e
.3S
tron
garm
sid
uro
n .
Du
al
Pro
wl
Dim
ensi
on
.
Acc
ent
Rap
tor
MS
MA
Sta
m
Par
amou
nt
Op
tion
CaveinRock EG1101
PRE trts. 1-2-leaf
2009 2-3-leaf stage only –– EG1101 Injury
0
20
40
60
80
100
90 DAT 60 DAT 30 DAT
% I
njur
y
2009 2-3-leaf stage only –– CaveInRock Injury
0
20
40
60
80
100
90 DAT 60 DAT 30 DAT
% I
njur
y
2-3-leaf stage only – Weed control 30 DAT - RR
0102030405060708090
100
None
Dual/P
rowl
MSM
ASta
m
Rapto
r
Mat
rix
Out
rider
Accen
t
Accen
t/Dual/
Prowl
Accen
t/Par
amou
nt/N
Accen
t/Par
amou
nt/M
Accen
t/MSM
A
Accen
t/Sta
m
Accen
t/Cim
mar
ron
Opt
ion
Param
ount
BLSG CG GFT JG TXPAN
Accent Controlled Johnsongrass, signalgrass, and foxtail
13
2009 2-3-leaf stage only – % Coverage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
CaveinRcock EG1101
FirstRate Pre fb POE herbicide treatments – EG1101 Injury - RR
0
20
40
60
80
100
None
FR fb P
aram
ount
FR fb D
imen
sion
FR fb M
SMA .
FR fb P
aram
ount
FR fb R
apto
r
FR fb A
ccen
t
FR fb M
SMA
90 DAT
60 DAT
30 DAT
90 DAT 60 DAT 30 DAT
1-2-leaf stage 2-3-leaf stage
FirstRate Pre fb POE herbicide treatments –CaveInRock Injury - RR
0
20
40
60
80
100
None
FR fb P
aram
ount
FR fb D
imen
sion
FR fb M
SMA .
FR fb P
aram
ount
FR fb R
apto
r
FR fb A
ccen
t
FR fb M
SMA
90 DAT
60 DAT
30 DAT
90 DAT 60 DAT 30 DAT
1-2-leaf stage 2-3-leaf stage
FirstRate Pre fb POE herbicide treatments – Weed control 30DAT - RR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
None
FR fb P
aram
ount
FR fb D
imen
sion
FR fb M
SMA .
FR fb P
aram
ount
FR fb R
apto
r
FR fb A
ccen
t
FR fb M
SMA
BLSG CG GFT JG TXPAN
1-2-leaf stage 2-3-leaf stage
FirstRate Pre fb POE herbicide treatments – Coverage - RR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
None
FR onl
y
FR fb P
aram
ount
FR fb D
imen
sion
FR fb M
SMA .
FR onl
y
FR fb P
aram
ount
FR fb R
apto
r
FR fb A
ccen
t
FR fb M
SMA
CaveinRock EG1101
1-2-leaf stage 2-3-leaf stage
FirstRate fb Paramount Controlled Crabgrass
19
4-5leaf stage only – EG1101 Injury - RR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Non
e
2.5p
tMS
MA
4pt
MS
MA
1.33
ozO
utr
ider
30 DAT 60 DAT
4-5leaf stage only – CaveInRock Injury- RR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Non
e
2.5p
tMS
MA
4pt
MS
MA
1.33
ozO
utr
ider
30 DAT 60 DAT
4-5leaf stage only – Weed Control- RR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Non
e
2.5p
tMS
MA
4pt
MS
MA
1.33
ozO
utr
ider
2.5p
tMS
MA
4pt
MS
MA
1.33
ozO
utr
ider
BLSG CG GFT JG TXPAN
•30DAT •60DAT
FirstRate Pre fb POE herbicide treatments and 4-5leaf – Coverage - RR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
None
2.5pt
MAM
A
4pt M
SMA
1.33o
z outr
ider
CaveinRock EG1101
PRE Herbicides • FirstRate suppressed crabgrass ,caused lower injury and resulted in higher
switchgrass coverage. • Tupersan (siduron) and Strongarm (diclosulam) caused excessive switchgrass
injury . POE 1-2 leaf stage:
• Dual, Prowl, Dimension were safe on both lowland and upland switchgrass but did not control grassy weeds.
• Accent, Raptor, MSMA, and Stam generally controlled grassy weeds, but caused excessive switchgrass injury.
• Paramount (quinclorac), was safe on both upland and lowland switchgrass.
• Option (foramsulfuron) was relatively safe on lowland switchgrass.
• PRE plus POE (1-2-leaf)• FirstRate fb Paramount was safe on switchgrass and suppressed crabgrass.
• FirstRate fb MSMA controlled all grassy weeds, but also killed switchgrass.
Discussion
Discussion POE 2-3 leaf stage:
• Raptor and Stam caused excessive switchgrass injury.
• Outrider and Option were relatively safe on switchgrass, but only controlled Johnsongrass.
• Paramount was relatively safe on switchgrass, but grass control was erratic.
• Accent, MSMA, Accent/Prowl, Accent/Paramount mixtures caused severe injury, although lowland switchgrass generally recovered.
PRE plus POE (2-3-leaf)• FirstRate fb Paramount was generally safe on both switchgrass ecotypes and
suppressed crabgrass, broadleaf signalgrass, and foxtail.
• FirstaRate fb Raptor, and FirstRate fb Accent caused excessive switchgrass injury.
• FirstRate fb MSMA controlled most grassy weeds and caused severe injury, but lowland switchgrass recovered by end of season.
4-5 leafe stage:
• Delayed weed control (after 4-leaf stage) resulted in poor switchgrass coverage.
Conclusion
• Herbicides that may increase lowland switchgrass establishment – FirstRate PRE to suppress crabgrass.
– Paramount 1-2 leaf stage to suppress broadleaf signalgrass and crabgrass
– Prowl H2O 1-2 leaf stage to provide residual grass control
– Option 1-2 leaf stage to control Johnsongrass and foxtail
– Accent 2-3 leaf stage to control most grassy weeds except TX panicum
– MSMA 3-4 leaf stage to control most grassy weeds
26
Future Research
• Validate selected herbicides across multiple environments (sand, clay, high soil pH, low soil pH)
27