Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D....
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![Page 1: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali
K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and
M. Vaksman
![Page 2: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
• Background
• Hypothesis
• Calculation Methods
• Results
• Future Plans (This was 1st year)
![Page 3: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Background(Problems)
Deforestation
Reduced Soil Fertility
Farming on Steep Slopes
Runoff Management
$Revenue Sources$
Reduced Groundwater Recharge
![Page 4: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Background(Runoff Management, Mali)
![Page 5: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Practice: Amenagement en courbes de niveau (ACN)
• Field Water management practice
• Series of ridges contour
• Permanent Ridge (Ado)
• Temporary Ridges (cropped areas)
• Water management of whole area
• Socio-economic factors
![Page 6: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Impact of Practice
No ACN with ACN
![Page 7: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Hypothesis
• ACN improves field water balance
• More water available for crop use
• More potential local groundwater recharge (drainage)
• Reduces surface runoff
![Page 8: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Approach
• Two Locations (Konkgougou and Fransirokoro)
• Treatments: Field with ACN and without
• Measure Soil Water at multiple locations and depths
• Rainfall and potential evaporation data
• Calculate field water balance
![Page 9: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Soil Water Probe
Diviner 2000®, Sentek
![Page 10: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Study Site: Konkgougou
Tubes
Permanent Ridges
![Page 11: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Field Water Balance
Rainfall
Root ZoneRunoff
Soil WaterStorageDrainage
ET and Evaporation
RainfallRainfallRainfall
Root ZoneRunoff
Soil WaterStorageDrainage
ET and Evaporation
Root ZoneRunoff
Soil WaterStorageDrainage
ET and Evaporation
![Page 12: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Field Water Balance
S = R – ET – Esoil – GWR – ROwhere,
S - change in soil water storage
R - rainfall
ET - crop evapotranspiration
Esoil - evaporation from the soil
GWR - local groundwater recharge
RO - surface runoff
Measured
Estimated
Calculated
![Page 13: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Field Water Balance: Runoff
RO = R – ET – Esoil – GWR – S
![Page 14: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Rainfall and Evaporation
• Rainfall data collected at site
• Potential Evaporation data from Bamako Station
• Soil evaporation constant proportion of potential evaporation
![Page 15: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ET Calculation
ETc- Crop evapotranspiration
Kc - crop coefficient
ETo- observed (reference crop) ET
(Kc temporally distributed based on LAI)
occ ETKET
![Page 16: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ET Calculation
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Cro
p C
oe
ffic
ien
t (K
c)
Corn Sorghum Millet
![Page 17: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Soil Moisture Storage
Root Zone
Drainage
0-70 cm
Transition Zone70-90 cm
Root Zone
Drainage
0-70 cm
Transition Zone70-90 cm
Root Zone
Drainage
0-70 cm0-70 cm
Transition Zone70-90 cm
Integrate Readings
![Page 18: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Soil Moisture Storage
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
18-Jun 28-Jun 8-Jul 18-Jul 28-Jul 7-Aug 17-Aug 27-Aug 6-Sep 16-Sep 26-Sep
Cu
mm
ula
tive
So
il M
ois
ture
in R
oo
t Z
on
e (m
m)
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
S
(m
m)
![Page 19: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Local Groundwater Recharge(Drainage)
• Pedo-transfer function
• Van Genutchen’s Equation– Hydraulic potential– Hydraulic conductivity
• Darcy’s Equation
![Page 20: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Local Groundwater Recharge
Root Zone
Drainage
0-70 cm
Transition Zone70-90 cm
Root Zone
Drainage
0-70 cm
Transition Zone70-90 cm
Root Zone
Drainage
0-70 cm0-70 cm
Transition Zone70-90 cm
Aggregate
![Page 21: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Local Groundwater Recharge
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
18-Jun 28-Jun 8-Jul 18-Jul 28-Jul 7-Aug 17-Aug 27-Aug 6-Sep 16-Sep 26-Sep
-50
0
50
100
150
200
8-Jul 18-Jul 28-Jul 7-Aug 17-Aug 27-Aug 6-Sep 16-Sep 26-Sep
Cumulative Local Groundwater RechargeUnsaturated Hyd Cond.
![Page 22: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Runoff
RO = R – ET – Esoil – GWR – S
![Page 23: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Results
• Comparisons tubes with and without ACN– Tubes 03 to 10– Tubes 05 to 10– Tubes 15 to 21– Tubes 17 to 22
![Page 24: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Results: Tubes 03 to 10
Drainage
Runoff
ACN (Tube 03)
Control (Tube 10)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
% o
f T
ota
l Rai
nfa
ll
ACN (Tube 03) Control (Tube 10)
![Page 25: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Results: Tubes 05 to 10
Drainage
Runoff
ACN (Tube 05)
Control (Tube 10)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
% o
f T
ota
l Rai
nfa
ll
ACN (Tube 05) Control (Tube 10)
![Page 26: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Results: Tubes 15 to 21
Drainage
Runoff
ACN (Tube 15)
Control (Tube 21)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
% o
f T
ota
l Rai
nfa
ll
ACN (Tube 15) Control (Tube 21)
![Page 27: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Results: Tubes 17 to 22
Drainage
Runoff
ACN (Tube 17)
Control (Tube 22)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
% o
f T
ota
l Rai
nfa
ll
ACN (Tube 17) Control (Tube 22)
![Page 28: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Location Effect
Ados
Tube 05
Tube 17Water Accumulates
![Page 29: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Future Plans
• Continue data collection(several more years)
• Relate balance to crop yields
• Improve instrument calibration
• Improve calculation methods
• Quantify impact on village wells
• Improve/Modify ACN design
![Page 30: Effect of the ACN on agricultural field water balance in Mali K. Brannan, R. Kablan, R.S. Yost, M.D. Doumbia, A. Yoroté, Y. Toloba, S. Sissoko, and M.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051415/56649cfa5503460f949cb9b3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Merci