International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 13 Issue 1 –MARCH 2015.

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Effect Of Admixture In The Partial Replacement Of Natural Sand By Manufactured Sand In Concrete

G.SATHEESHKUMAR1,B.SELVAM2

M.E STUDENT1, Department of Civil Engineering, CMS College of Engineering, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India

M.E STUDENT2, Department Of Civil Of Engineering, INDIRA Institute of Engineering and Technology, Thiruvallur ,Tamil

Nadu, India Abstract— Sand is basic concrete making construction material required in large quantities. Hence, in the Present scenario, it is necessary to find the most suitable substitute for sand, easy to produce and has all the required qualities for use in concrete. Manufactured sand(M-sand) is one among such materials to replace river sand, which can be used as an alternative fine aggregate in mortars and concretes. Two basic mixes were selected for natural sand to achieve M30 grade concrete. The equivalent mixes were obtained by replacing natural sand by M-sand partially. Super plasticizers are commonly used to achieve the workability. The test result indicates that M-sand can be used effectively to replace natural sand and replace of water super plasticizer in concrete. In the experimental study of strength characteristics of concrete using M-sand as fine aggregate and super plasticizer as water it is found that there is increase in compressive strength of concrete. Keyword---- Compressive strength; Manufactured sand; super plasticizer. 1.INTRODUCTION

Due to rapid growth in construction activity, the consumption of concrete is increasing every year. This results in excessive extraction of natural aggregates. Ordinary concrete, typically, contains about 12 percent cement, 8 percent mixing water, and 80 percent aggregate by mass. This means that, in addition to 1.5 billion tonnes of cement, the concrete industry is consuming annually 9 billion tonnes of sand and rock together with one billion tonnes of mixing water. The 11.5 billion tonnes-a-year concrete industry is thus the largest user of natural resources in the world.

Sand is the one of main constituents of concrete making which is about 35% of volume of concrete used in construction industry. Fine particles below 600 microns must be atleast 30 % to 50% for making concrete will give good results Normally particles are not present in river sand up to required quantity. Digging sand, from river bed in excess quantity is hazardous to environment. The deep pits dug in the river bed, affects the ground water level.

Erosion of nearby land is also due to excessive sand lifting. Also, good quality sand may have to be transported from long distance, which adds to the cost of construction.

In order to full fill the requirement of fine aggregate, some alternative material must be found. The cheapest and the easiest way of getting substitute for natural sand is by crushing natural stone to get artificial sand of desired size and grade which would be free from all impurities is known as Manufactured sand.

This paper presents the results of experimental work conducted on performance of concrete made with manufactured sand as fine aggregate. The natural sand was replaced with manufactured sand by four proportions (i.e. 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%).The effect of concrete made with different proportions of Manufactured sand has been discussed. Super plasticizer used in this investigation is Conplast SP430 which is Sulphonated Napthalene Polymers based one and supplied as a brown liquid instantly dispersible in water. Advantages of using Conplast SP430 super plasticizer are • Improved Workability • Increased Strength • Improved Quality of Concrete • Higher Cohesion • Chloride Free

2.OBJECTIVE To investigate the properties of manufactured sand,

effect of super plasticizer and comparing with the natural sand and using as a partial replacement for fine aggregate. And to optimize replacement percentage for natural sand by manufactured sand in concrete by comparing the compressive strength result by addition of super plasticizer.

International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 13 Issue 1 –MARCH 2015.

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3. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 3.1 Materials used • Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) 43 grade conforming to IS 8112. • Locally available river sand was used as fine aggregate. • Crushed granite coarse aggregate of size 12.5mm was used. • Portable water was used for mixing of concrete and curing purpose. • Manufactured Sand • Super Plasticizer 3.1.1 Cement Portland pozzolanic cement 53 grade conforming to IS 8112 – 1989, and specific gravity of cement is found to be 3.15. The properties of cement given in Table 1. Table -1 Properties Of Cement

Component

Results

Requirements Fineness (m2/kg)

4% <10% Initial setting time (Minutes)

50mins Minimum 30mins

Final setting time. (Minutes)

190mins Maximum 600hrs

Standard consistency 33% ----

Soundness 1mm Maximum 10mm

3.1.2 Fine aggregate Locally available river sand having bulk density 1762 kg/m3 is used and the specific gravity 2.52 and fineness modulus of river sand is 3.65 3 .1.3 Manufactured sand Manufactured sand is a purpose-made, fine crushed aggregate produced under controlled conditions from a suitable sound source rock. It is designed for use in concrete, asphalt and other specific products.

General crusher fines (dust) and sand resulting from lightly crushing (disaggregating) decomposed granite or weakly cemented sandstone rocks are not considered to be manufactured sand. The latter are usually classified as natural sands of residual origin.

M-Sand is replaced is fully replacement of river sand. The bulk density of manufactured Sand 1790 kg/m2 and the specific gravity 2.9 and fineness modulus of river Sand is 2.78. The comparision of natural sand and M-sand is shown in table2 and table 3. Table 2 Properties of Natural sand and Manufactured sand S.N0 Property Natural

Sand Manufactured Sand

1 Specific Gravity 2.6 2.9 2 Fineness modulus 2.78 2.97 3 Bulk Density KN/m3

15.6 17.9

Table 3 Sieve Analysis Of River Sand & M – Sand

S.NO Sieve size (mm)

%Passing Zone-1 Natural Sand M-Sand

1 4.75 90-100 98.7 95.4 2 2.36 60-95 91 88.5 3 1.18 30-70 73 65.2 4 0.6 15-34 49.3 40.3 5 0.3 5-20 17.5 25.5 6 0.15 0-10 5.4 7.9

3.1.4 Coarse Aggregate Crushed angular aggregate with maximum grain size of 20mm and downgraded was used and having bulk density 2770kg/m3. The specific gravity and fineness modulus was found to be 2.88 and 2.75 respectively. 3.1.4 Water Fresh potable water, which is free from acid and organic substance, was used for mixing the concrete. 3.1.5 Super Plasticizer Super plasticizer used in this investigation is Conplast SP430 which is Sulphonated Napthalene Polymers based one and supplied as a brown liquid instantly dispersible in water. The physical properties of super plasticizers given below table 4 Table 4 Physical properties of Super Plasticizer

SI.NO PHYSICAL TESTS ANALYSIS

1 Specific Gravity 1.224

2 Chloride content NIL

3 Air entrainment 11.73 lb/ft3

4. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The mix ratio is prepared for M30 grade concrete for both conventional sand and also M-Sand. The Cube size of (150

Mechanical properties of cement (Compressive strength, Mpa)

3-days 23 Minimum 16

7-days 30 Minimum 22 28-days 55 Minimum 33

Chemical properties of cement

Oxide composition

Cao Sio2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 SO3 MgO

Percent 63.3 21.64 5.97 3.85 1.66 0.78

International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 13 Issue 1 –MARCH 2015.

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x 150 x 150) mm Specimen is prepared for compressive strength. The cylinder of height 30 cm and 15 cm diameter is prepared for tensile strength. The specimens are tested for 7 days, 14 days and 28 days for M30 grade with varying percentages of super plasticizers (0%,0.5%, 1.5%)of water and Manufactured sand (0%, 20%,40%, 60%, and 80%.) of natural sand in concrete. The mix proportions adopted are presented in Table 5 to Table 9. 4.1 Concrete Mix Design for M30 Grade for one m3 concrete in ratio 1:1.48:3 at w/c: 0.45 Table 5 Concrete Mix Proportions For One m3 for zero percentage of super plasticizer

Material

Cement

kg

Water

Lit

Sand

Kg

Coarse

Aggregate

Kg

Total

Quantity 383 191.6 563 1130

Total

Proportion

Natural

Sand

M-

Sand

1 0.45 1.48 3

0% M-

Sand(MS) 383 191.6 569 - 1130

20% M-

sand(MS1) 383 191.6 455.2 113.8 1130

40% M –

sand(MS2) 383 191.6 341.4 227.6 1130

60% M –

Sand(MS3) 383 191.6 227.6 341.4 1130

80% M –

Sand(MS4) 383 191.6 113.8 455.2 1130

Table 6 Mixing of super plasticizer in water

S.NO WATER SUPER PLASTICIZER TYPE 1 191.6 0 TYPE2 190.65 958 TYPE3 188.7 2874

Table 7 TYPE1 Mixing of M-sand

S.NO Type1 % of M- sand added in C.A

% of super plasticizers added in Water

1 M NIL NIL

2 M1 20 NIL

3 M2 40 NIL

4 M3 60 NIL

5 M5 80 NIL

Table 8 TYPE2 Mixing of M-sand and Super Plasticizer(0.5%)

S.NO Type2 % of M- sand added in C.A

% of super plasticizers added in Water

1 MS NIL 0.5

2 MS1 20 0.5

3 MS2 40 0.5

4 MS3 60 0.5

5 MS5 80 0.5

Table 9 TYPE3 Mixing of M-sand and Super Plasticizer (1.5%)

S.NO TYPE3 %of M-sand added in C.A

% of super plasticizers added in F.A

1 MSP NIL 1.5

2 MSP1 20 1.5

3 MSP2 40 1.5

4 MSP3 60 1.5

5 MSP5 80 1.5

4.2 Compressive Strength Measurements The concrete cubes of size 150 mm×150mm×150mm were casted using 1:1.48: 3 mix with a W/C ratio of 0.5 with manufactured sand. During casting the cubes were filled by three layers and each layer is compacted by tamping rod by giving 35 stocks. After 24 hours the specimens were remolded and subjected to curing for 7, 14 and 28 days in portable water.

It also stated in IS 516-1959 that the load was applied without shock and increased continuously at the rate of approximately 140 Kg/sq cm/ min until the resistance of specimen to the increasing loads breaks down and no greater load can be sustained. The maximum load applied to the specimen was then recorded as per IS: 516-1959. The testing of cube and cylinders under compression were shown in figure 1. The compressive strength was calculated as follows:

Compressive strength (MPa) = Failure load / cross sectional area.

International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE)ISSN: 0976

Fig. 1 Compression Testing Machine For Cubes After curing, the specimens were tested for compressive strength using compression testing machine of 1000KN capacity. The results and comparisons are shown in table 5, fig2 and fig3.

Table 5 Compressive Strength on 7th, 14th S.NO TYPE1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

7th Day 14th Day

1 M 19.25 24.73

2 M1 20.29 30.51

3 M2 22.36 31.84

4 M3 26.37 31.87

5 M4 26.04 31.02

S.NO TYPE2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

7th Day 14th Day 28

1 MS 20.25 25.73

2 MS1 21.29 31.51

3 MS2 24.36 32.84

4 MS3 26.95 33.87

5 MS4 27.04 33.45

S.NO TYPE3 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

7th Day 14th Day

1 MS 21.25 26.73

International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE)ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 13 Issue 1 –MARCH 2015.

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For Cubes

After curing, the specimens were tested for compressive strength using compression testing machine of

The results and comparisons are shown in

and 28th Day

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(N/mm2)

28th Day

31.25

35.11

40.59

42.84

40.66

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(N/mm2)

28th Day

33.25

36.11

42.59

44.84

45.66

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(N/mm2)

28th Day

34.25

2 MS1 22.29

3 MS2 25.36

4 MS3 28.95

5 MS4 28.94

Fig.2 Compressive strength (28

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

M

M1

M2

M3

M4

MS

MS

1

28 TH DAY

International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE)

32.51 37.11

33.84 43.59

34.87 45.84

34.89 45.66

Fig.2 Compressive strength (28th day)

MS

1

MS

2

MS

3

MS

4

MS

P

MS

P1

MS

P2

MS

P3

MS

P4

28 TH DAY

International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE)ISSN: 0976

Fig.3 Compressive strength (7th,14th,28th day)

From the above graph, the 60% replacement shows the maximum compression strength of 42.84 N/mmday testing. So, the optimum percentage of replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand is 60%.

5. CONCLUSIONS

From the cube results, it is found that the compressive strength for 7, 14 and 28 days of curing for the ckeeps on increasing with the percentage of manufactured sand replacement up to 60%, beyond 60%, the compressive strength decreases.

The overall strength of concrete linearly increases from 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and start decreasing above 80% repof natural sand by manufactured sand.

From the above experimental results it is proved that, manufactured sand can be used as partial replacement for the natural sand, and the compressive strength are increased as the percentage of manufactured sand is increased up to optimum level. The optimum percentage of replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand is 60%.

Considering, the acute shortage of river sand, huge short coming on quality of river sand, high cost, greater impact on road damages and environmental effects . The Construction

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

M

M1

M2

M3

M4

MS

MS

1

MS

2

MS

3

MS

4

MS

P

compressive strength

7TH DAY 14TH DAY

International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE)ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 13 Issue 1 –MARCH 2015.

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day)

From the above graph, the 60% replacement shows strength of 42.84 N/mm2 on 28th

day testing. So, the optimum percentage of replacement of

From the cube results, it is found that the compressive strength for 7, 14 and 28 days of curing for the concrete cubes keeps on increasing with the percentage of manufactured sand replacement up to 60%, beyond 60%, the compressive

The overall strength of concrete linearly increases from 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and start decreasing above 80% replacement

From the above experimental results it is proved that, manufactured sand can be used as partial replacement for the natural sand, and the compressive strength are increased as the

and is increased up to optimum level. The optimum percentage of replacement of natural sand

Considering, the acute shortage of river sand, huge short coming on quality of river sand, high cost, greater impact on

d environmental effects . The Construction

Industry shall start using the manufactured sand to full extent as alternative; reduce the impacts on environment by not using the river sand.

Presently there is a need for 20,000 units of sand per day for the private and public construction works. But the supply from the currently functional sand quarries does not meet the demand. In this situation, an alternative to the natural sand gains significance.

The requirement of cement is reduced considerably by using the manufactured sand.

The applications of concrete will necessitate the use of High Performance Concrete incorporating new genadmixtures (PCE based superplasticizmineral admixtures. The workability of concrete can be increased by addition of super plasticizer. However, very high dosages of SP tend to impair the cohesiveness of concrete. Slump loss can be reduced by using the chemical admixtures. However, effectiveness is higher foconcrete.

The Local Authorities/PWD/ Government, shall encourage the use of Manufactured sand in Public Construction Works, if possible, shall make mandatory to use Manufactured sand wherever available with immediate effect.

The Government Shall come out with, Policy on Sand encourage the industry people to set up more number of Sand crushing Units across the all Districts, States to meet the sand requirements of the Construction Industry.

Manufactured Sand can be produced to fall Zone according to our requirement. This can definitely ensure the quality of concrete.

The utilization of manufactured sand leads to eco friendly construction and economic construction.

A capital investment in the range of Rs. 1 crore to 5 cbecomes vital for the crushing units to buy the machinery. The state government of TamilNadu grant of atleast 30% subsidy for the purchase of the machinery.

REFERENCES [1] William Andrew (1995), “Concrete admixtures handbook, properties, science, and technology, crafts and Hobbies”. [2] IS383–1997, “Specification For Coarse and Fine Aggregates From Natural Sources for Concrete”.

[3] IS 2386 – 1997, “Methods of Test For aggregates For Concrete”.

MS

P

MS

P1

MS

P2

MS

P3

MS

P4

compressive strength

28TH DAY

International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE)

Industry shall start using the manufactured sand to full extent as alternative; reduce the impacts on environment by not using

Presently there is a need for 20,000 units of sand per day for ivate and public construction works. But the supply

from the currently functional sand quarries does not meet the demand. In this situation, an alternative to the natural sand

The requirement of cement is reduced considerably by using

The applications of concrete will necessitate the use of High Concrete incorporating new generation chemical

superplasticizers) and available

The workability of concrete can be increased by addition of plasticizer. However, very high dosages of SP tend to

impair the cohesiveness of concrete.

Slump loss can be reduced by using the chemical admixtures. However, effectiveness is higher for super plasticizer

The Local Authorities/PWD/ Government, shall encourage the use of Manufactured sand in Public Construction Works, if possible, shall make mandatory to use Manufactured sand wherever available with immediate effect.

rnment Shall come out with, Policy on Sand – encourage the industry people to set up more number of Sand crushing Units across the all Districts, States to meet the sand requirements of the Construction Industry.

Manufactured Sand can be produced to fall in the desired Zone according to our requirement. This can definitely ensure

The utilization of manufactured sand leads to eco friendly construction and economic construction.

A capital investment in the range of Rs. 1 crore to 5 crore becomes vital for the crushing units to buy the machinery. The state government of TamilNadu grant of atleast 30% subsidy for the purchase of the machinery.

William Andrew (1995), “Concrete admixtures handbook, technology, crafts and Hobbies”.

1997, “Specification For Coarse and Fine Aggregates From Natural Sources for Concrete”.

hods of Test For aggregates For

International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 13 Issue 1 –MARCH 2015.

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[4] IS 1199- 1999, “Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Concrete”. [5] IS 516 - 1999, “Methods of Tests for strength of Concrete”. [6] IS12269-1999, “Specification for 53 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement” [7] IS 456-2000, “Plain And Reinforcement Code of Practice”. [8] Gambhir M. L., “Concrete Technology,” Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd, India (2006). [9] Ramazan Demirbog, Rustem Gul, 2007, “Production of high strength concrete by use of industrial by-products”, Building and Environment, Vol.41, pp.1124–1127.

[10] Shetty M.S, “Concrete Technology”, S.Chand &company Limited, New Delhi, 2009. [11] IS 10269-2009, “Concrete Mix Proportioning - Guidelines”.