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Chapter 6

that different from each other. On the other hand, from patient studies it is clear that there are

several functional specializations within the two streams.

Based on the studies in this thesis, and supported by previous literature, I can state that

there is no absolute functional distinction between the two streams. Other, ‘milder’ forms of the

TVSH, or the existence of a common representation for perception and action, are, however,

difficult – if not impossible – to proof or disproof. Namely, interactions between the two

streams can be interpreted as a falsification of the TVSH, but they can also be interpreted as an

extension of the TVSH. However, from our research and that of many other researchers it has

become clear that the predictions of the TVSH concerning the effects of visual contextual

illusions cannot be validated. As shown in this thesis, visually-guided movements, memory-

guided movements, and perceptual judgments can all be influenced by illusions. I must also

note that this does not necessarily mean that other functional distinctions between the two

streams are false. For example, it may be valid that the ventral stream uses allocentric coding

whereas the dorsal stream uses egocentric coding. In any case, as argued by other researchers

(e.g., Schenk and McIntosh, 2010), functional specializations of the dorsal and ventral visual

stream are relative rather than absolute.

Conclusions

The research presented in this thesis has provided more insight into the effects of visual

contextual illusions on visuomotor processing by showing that:

• Our visual representation is dynamic: it becomes more accurate when we look at an object

for a longer time before we act on it.

• Visually-guided and memory-guided saccades are likely based on a common visual

representation.

• In addition to single saccades, visuomotor updating is also affected by visual context in the

form of the Müller-Lyer illusion.

• Areas in the dorsal visual stream are sensitive to visual context: they represent perceived

rather than physical target locations.

• Gaze-centred information is dominant over allocentric information in visuomotor

updating.

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