TR 103 229 - V1.1.1 - Environmental Engineering (EE); Safety Extra ...
EE Safety Report.ppt
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Transcript of EE Safety Report.ppt
8/19/2019 EE Safety Report.ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ee-safety-reportppt 1/31
Safety
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OSHAOSHA(Occupational Safety and Health(Occupational Safety and Health
Administration)Administration)
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2 Main OSHA Rules2 Main OSHA Rulesthat pertain tothat pertain to
electrical safetyelectrical safety
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NFPANFPA(National Fire Protection Association)(National Fire Protection Association)
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NFPA
7!
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"olta#e $et%een the feet of a personstandin# near an
!ner#i&ed #rounded o$'ects
S!PS!P
PO!N*A+PO!N*A+
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is the ,olta#e di-erence $et%een the handsand feet of a person contactin# a structure.such as a pipeline
TOUCH TOUCH
POTENTIALPOTENTIAL
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!lectricity is an apparent force in nature that!lectricity is an apparent force in nature that
e/ists %hene,er there is a net electricale/ists %hene,er there is a net electrical
char#e $et%een any t%o o$'ectschar#e $et%een any t%o o$'ects
0hen there are e1ual num$ers of positi,e0hen there are e1ual num$ers of positi,eand ne#ati,e char#es there is no electricaland ne#ati,e char#es there is no electrical
force as there is no net char#e his is theforce as there is no net char#e his is the
case for a neutral atomcase for a neutral atom
!lectrical force is created %hen electrons are!lectrical force is created %hen electrons are
transferred from one material to another (e#transferred from one material to another (e#
Fundamentals ofFundamentals of
electricityelectricity
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onductoronductoris an o$'ect or type of materialthat allo%s the 3o% of electricalcurrent in one or more directions
A %ire is an electrical conductorthat can carry electricity alon#its len#th
Such as opper. or aluminum
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*nsulator*nsulator*s a material %hose internalelectric char#es do not 3o%freely. and therefore ma4e itnearly impossi$le to conductan electric current under thein3uence of an electric 5eld
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"olta#e"olta#e
electromoti,e force. is a1uantitati,e e/pression of
the potential di-erence inchar#e $et%een t%o points in an electrical 5eld
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!lectric urrent!lectric urrent
is a 3o% of electric char#e*n electric circuits this char#e*s often carried $y mo,in#electrons in a %ire
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!lectrical Resistance!lectrical Resistance
is a measure of the di6culty
to pass an electric currentthrou#h that conductor
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!+!R*SHO
!+!R*A+89RNS
: MA*N ;P!S OF: MA*N ;P!S OF!+!R*A+!+!R*A+
A*<!NSA*<!NS
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!+!R* SHO !+!R* SHO
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!+!R*A+ 89RN!+!R*A+ 89RN
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!+!R*A+ F*R!S!+!R*A+ F*R!S
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H!R!=S A N9M8!R OF FAOR HA A9S!S !+!R*A+A*<!NS. * *N+9<!S>
O+< 0*R*N?S
POOR 0*R*N?S
+A OF PR!"!N*"! <!"*!S
F+AMMA8+! MA!R*A+S +!F N!AR !@POS!<!+!R*A+ 0*R*N?
!+!R*A+ A*<!N!+!R*A+ A*<!N
A9S!SA9S!S
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PR!"!N*N?PR!"!N*N?!+!R*A+!+!R*A+
A*<!NSA*<!NS!+!R*A+ A*<!NS AN 8! PR!"!N!<
8;>
R!P+A*N? O+< AN< <AMA?!< 0*R*N?
H*R*N? A 9A+*F*!< !+!R**AN
NO O"!R+OA<*N? O9+!S*NSA++*N? ?RO9N< FA9+ *R9**N!RR9P!RS
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Reco#ni&e Ha&ards!,aluate Ris4
ontrol Ha&ards
!lectrical Safety Model!lectrical Safety Model
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hree Factors to determined the se,erity ofelectric shoc4>
he amount of currenthe path of current
he amount of time the current 3o%s
Se,erity of !lectricalSe,erity of !lectricalshoc4 shoc4
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he Amount of urrenthe Amount of urrent
he amount of current that 3o%s throu#h the $ody is determined
$y the ,olta#e of the po%er source. the resistance of the $ody andthe amount of a,aila$le current
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"olta#e is one of the factors %hichdetermined ho% much current %ill 3o% 8y
the Ohm=s +a%> "olta#e and current ha,e adirect proportional
Resistance of the human $ody can ,ary#reatlyB it depends on the part of $ody.the amount of $ody fat *nside the human$ody has a lo% resistance S4in is a
person=s last line of defense
he amount of a,aila$le current
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urrent Pathurrent Path
here is a #reater chance of lethal in'ury%hen the current passes throu#h ,ital or#ansurrent that 3o%s near the heart may causethe heart to 5$rillate he current paths thatare most li4ely to cross the heart hand to
hand and hand to foot contact
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+en#th of time+en#th of time
he lon#er a person has current 3o%in#throu#h their $ody the more dama#e %ill occur
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ApplicationApplication
Fi,e technicians %ere performin# pre,enti,e
maintenance on the electrical system of arailroad maintenance facility One of thetechnicians %as assi#ned to clean the lo%ercompartment of an electrical ca$inet usin#
cleanin# 3uid in an aerosol can 8ut. he $e#an toclean the upper compartment as %ell he uppercompartment %as 5lled %ith li,e circuitry 0henthe cleanin# spray contacted the li,e circuitry. aconducti,e path for the current %as created
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he current passed throu#h the streamof 3uid. into the technician=s arm. and
across his chest he current caused a loude/plosion oC%or4ers found the ,ictim %ithhis clothes on 5re One %or4er put out the5re %ith an e/tin#uisher. and another pulled
the ,ictim a%ay from the compartment %itha plastic ,acuum cleaner hose heparamedics responded in D minutesAlthou#h the ,ictim sur,i,ed the shoc4. he
died 2E hours later of $urns his deathcould ha,e $een pre,ented if the follo%in#precautions had $een ta4en>