Edwards, 2007. Identity ”…Latino population’s sense of self and its collective history are...

Edwards, 2007

Identity”…Latino population’s sense

of self and its collective history are still far from having a definitive impact on the understanding of race, ethnicity, and nationhood in the US.”

THINK ABOUT THIS

The Mexican [Latin American] does not want to be either an Indian or a Spaniard. Nor does he want to be a descendent from them. And he does not affirm himself as a mixture, but rather as an abstraction.” Octavio Paz

Definitions” The term Latino is a new and ambiguous invention.”.”

Definitions

The term Latino has meaning only in reference to the US experience.”

Identity”One student, in particular,

explained that all the members of her family had answered the racial question differently, depending on their own self-identities.”.”

THINK ABOUT THIS

“Learning who you are…creating who you want to be.”

Lisa Froemming

CULTURAL STRENGTHS

1.) Ethnic Identity

2.) Biculturalism

3.) Familismo

Edwards, Lisa, Marquette University, 2007


Ethnic IdentityThe meaning or importance of

ethnicity to an individual at a given time.

Includes:– Exploration & Search

– Affirmation, Commitment & Belonging

Edwards,Lisa, Marquette University 2007

Multi-Group Ethnic Identity Measure

Exploration & Search– Items 1, 2, 4, 8, 10

– Add up and divide the total by 5

Affirmation, Commitment & Belonging– Items 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12

– Add up and divide the total by 7

ACCULTURATION• Includes and influences ethnic

identity• Comprised of various domains:

–Language–Social Affiliation–Daily Living Habits (Food, Music)–Identification and Pride


BICULTURALISM

The ability to navigate multiple cultural contexts.

--Retaining one’s culture of origin while still adapting to majority culture

--Can be challenging, but can also be a strength.


Lisa Edwards, Marquette University, 2007

Models of Acculturation

Latino Culture

Anglo Culture

Bidimensional Model

Bicultural Identity

FAMILISMO

Familism can be defined as, “a strong identification and attachment of individuals with their families and strong feelings of loyalty, reciprocity and solidarity among members of their family.” (Triandis et al., 1982)

Generational Differences

1.) First Generation Person –Different view of America, different sense of identity, & different sense of entitlement.

2.) Native Born Person –Role of parents’ perceptions/experiences, experience in school system, minority person, race/ethnic relations.

Millennials, 1982-2002…have been depicted more recently by

employers, professors and earnestly concerned mental-health experts as entitled whiners who have been spoiled by parents who over-stoked their self-esteem, teachers who granted undeserved A’s and sports coaches who bestowed trophies on any player who showed up.

New York Times Magazine, May 30, 2010

Latin@ Languages/Identities

“Language, the medium through which all culture is learned and transmitted, is a powerful lens through which we can detect the ways in which Latin@s use different voices…as members of different groups, at different times, even same time.”


“…facilitate the adoption of new words and ways of speaking that reflects new ethnic and racial identities. Help understand how linguistic codes help construct identities, including how and where the boundaries between linguistics codes are drawn...advocated anthropolitical linguistics.”


“…of the fact that critics denounce hybrid identities as evidence of cognitive confusion, as watered-down versions of one culture or another, and even as unpatriotic abandonment of a core culture.”


“Anthropolitical linguistics assumes that the ways Latin@s in the US speak English and Spanish cannot be divorced from socioeconomic and political realities.”

THINK ABOUT THIS

“I have seen many Anglo-Americans have an easier time mastering the Spanish

language, but with Chicanos [Latinos], there seems to be a barrier, a phobia that

is more psychological than people realize. There is a resentment for past treatment. We have scars, and they appear when we talk our mother tongue.” Jose Antonio Burciaga

Gender, Ethnicity, & Race”The boys’ experience of the

`Mexicanness’ and gender approximates a process of racialization, with the associated difficulties of engagement and entry, whereas the girls’ experience approximates a process of ethnicization.’

“RACISM, NO LONGER A BLACK/WHITE BINARY PARADIGM".

THIS RACISM PERMEATES THROUGH TO LATINO CITIZENS OF THIS COUNRTY, EITHER AS A PERCEIVED RACISM OR AS REAL. THERE ARE ALSO SOME RACIST-BASED VIEWS BETWEEN AFRICAN-AMERICANS AND LATINOS.

Source--New York Times, January 15, 2008

“RACISM, NO LONGER A BLACK/WHITE BINARY PARADIGM".

WITHIN THE LATINO COMMUNITY, RACISM IS NOT STRICKLY A SKIN-COLOR ISSUE, THOUGH IT CERTAINLY IS. IT’S ABOUT LAST NAME, FORM OF SPEAKING, AND MANNER OF DRESSING, AS WELL.

Source--New York Times, January 15, 2008

As you develop, the world changes …

what’s put away does not go away.

Think About This

METRO AREAS & RACE GAP, NYT, May-18-’10

METRO % WHITE % WHITEAREA OVER 65 UNDER 18

GAP---------------------------------------------------------------------------Phoenix, Az 85% 44% 41Riverside, Ca 67 27 40Tucson, Az 79 39 40Bakersfield, Ca 68 30 38Fresno, Ca 61 23 38Modesto, Ca 74 37 37Ft. Myers, Fl 92 56 36Dallas, Tx 76 42 34Las Vegas, Nv 72 38 34San Diego, Ca 71 37 34Stockton, Ca 62 27 34

America’s Four Founding Virtues*

1.) Marriage

2.) Industriousness

3.) Community

4.) Faith

*--Murray, C., Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960 - 2010, 2011

THINK ABOUT THIS“Membership in a group often means embracing

shared beliefs, values, and traditions that are passed on

through generations.”Michael J.A. Wohl

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