Edward R. Murrow H.S. Social Studies Department Mr. Barge, Principal Global ICT

Global Semester II Homework PacketDirectionsOn the top of each homework assignment should have your:

Name Homework number Band

The entire homework assignment must be securely attached together or you will lose points on your assignment. Questions need to be written.Answers should be written in complete sentences and in your own words.Every homework must be at least half of a page.For each multiple-choice question in your HW, write out the question AND ONLY THE CORRECT ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION. You will lose points for not writing out all homework questions.

Point of ViewA person’s attitude or belief that influences

them

Turning Pointa significant event, idea, or historical event that brings

about change.

Historical Contextthe historical circumstances

surrounding this event/idea/historical

development.

Geographic Contextwhere this historical

development is taking place, and why it is taking place there.

Biasa person’s support or

opposition to something

Similarities & Differences/ Compare &

Contrast Compare means to see the similarity (sameness) and contrast means to see the difference (not the same)

Cause & Effectan event that leads to another event and/or a

result

ClaimTo state your position

(thesis or opinion).

******************************************************************************************Homework #1 Signed Course Requirements Slip + Folder 1. Bring in a signed (by a parent/guardian) copy of the classroom guidelines and a folder specifically for this class. ******************************************************************************************Homework #2 Totalitarianism1. Define: a. Totalitarianism b. Communism c. Propaganda2. Based on the propaganda posters of Communist leader Joseph Stalin below, how do these show Joseph Stalin? Are these posters BIAS? Answer both in a total of at least 4 sentences.3. Based on the reading on the next page, From the POINT OF VIEW of an industrial worker, a female doctor, a Russian Orthodox priest or a Communist Party member, write a diary entry about your life under Stalin (Minimum 8 sentences)4. Multiple Choice

Reading on next page

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“Thank you Stalin and the Communist Party for our

wonderful childhood and our happiness!”

Multiple Choice # 1 Multiple Choice # 2

******************************************************************************************Homework #3 Rise of Fascism in Italy 1. Define: Fascism2. Describe the HISTORICAL CONTEXT that allowed Mussolini’s rise to power and why he appealed to Italians.3. In what ways was Fascism similar to Communism in the Soviet Union?

In 1927, Mussolini had himself baptized by a Roman Catholic priest in order to remove opposition from Italy's Catholics, who were critical. They were tired of strikes and riots within Italy, responsive to the trappings of Fascism, and ready to submit to dictatorship, provided the national economy was stabilized and their country restored to its dignity as promised. Mussolini seemed to them the one man capable of bringing order out of chaos. At rallies Mussolini caught the imagination of the crowds due to his impressive physique and his staccato and orderly way of speaking. His attitudes were dramatic, his opinions contradicted themselves, his facts were often wrong but his words were strong and moving, and his gestures repeated often with so much vigor and were so effective, that he rarely failed to impose his mood or ideals to the Italians. Mussolini achieved absolute political and social power in Italy.

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Joseph Stalin was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign. Industrial workers lost rights and their working conditions deteriorated. In 1940, a law passed stating that a worker could be arrested if he had three absences, late arrivals or changed jobs without the official authorization. Workers had to work long hours without extra compensation. In theory, all jobs were open to women. Childcare facilities were provided so that the children could be cared for while the women worked. In reality, however, women all too often found themselves both caring for the home and family in addition to working a full-time job. Women did benefit from the improved health and living conditions provided for workers and their families. But they rarely made it to senior positions. For example, while 50-60% of doctors in USSR were female by the late 1930s, there were only 4 female senior doctors in one major city. Stalin pushed an anti-religion campaign. The main target of the anti-religious campaign was the Russian Orthodox Church. Nearly all of its clergy, and many of its believers, were shot or sent to labor camps. Between 1927 and 1940, the number of Orthodox Churches fell from 29,584 to less than 500. The Communist Party engaged in an intensive recruitment campaign to strengthen his base by outnumbering the Old Bolsheviks (Lenin supporters) and reducing their influence in the party. During the first five-year plan from 1929 to 1933, party membership grew rapidly to approximately 3.5 million members. However, party leaders suspected that the new members had allowed capitalist to join so the party closed to new members and starting

******************************************************************************************Homework #4 Germany After World War I1. Define: a. Weimar Republic b. Inflation2. Read the passage below and answer the following questions:a. Describe two reasons for Germany’s economic troubles during the Weimar Republic. (2 sentences)b. Based on the reading below, what was life like for ordinary Germans during the Weimar Republic? (4-6 sentences)3. Multiple Choice

******************************************************************************************Homework #5 Hitler’s Rise to Power1. Using the reading below, which two goals do you think will be the most attractive to people in the Weimar Republic? Make a CLAIM. (minimum 5 sentences)2. Multiple Choice

******************************************************************************************Homework #6 German Jews and minorities under Nazi rule1. Define: a. anti-Semitism b. scapegoat c. inferior d. superior2. Read the excerpt from the Nuremburg Laws. From the POINT OF VIEW of a German teenager whose father is Jewish and whose mother is not Jewish - Write a letter to a friend describing how these laws affect your family. (minimum 8 sentences)3. Multiple Choice

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Program (Goals) of the Nazi Party and Adolf Hitler in Germany: Get rid of the Treaty of Versailles Rebuild German industry and military Jobs for everyone Restore the greatness of Germany: Build a Third Reich Punish Germany’s enemies Parades, sports, rallies

Life under the Weimar RepublicFor the first time, Germany was a free country without a king. But the years following World War I were very difficult. For one thing, Germany had to pay millions of dollars in reparations. This led to inflation, where people’s life savings were completely wiped out. Then, in 1929, there was a stock market crash that led to a worldwide depression. Millions of Germans were left without work and without hope. “I know what cold and hunger are. I kn0w what it is to spend the night outdoors behind the thin walls of a shack through which the wind whistles. I have slept in holes such as hunters hide in, under bridges, against the warm walls of boiler houses, under cattle shelters in pastures, on a heap of fir tree branches in the forest….”

MC#1 In the 1920’s and 1930’s, the rise of totalitarian governments in Germany, Italy, and Spain was largely the result of1. the success of the Communists in establishing a

command economy in the Soviet Union2. severe economic and social problems that arose in

Europe after World War I3. the active support of the United States4. movements demanding the return of the old

monarchies

MC#2 The harsh conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles after World War I helped lay the foundation for the

1. rise of fascist Germ n any

2. uprisings during the French Revolution3. division of Korea along the 38th parallel4. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia

MC#1 What was one reason the Nazi programs and policies of the early 1930’s appealed to many people in Germany?

1. the people were frustrated with their current economic and political situation

2. Germany had been denied membership in the United Nations

3. a coup d’etat had forced communism on the German people

4. the German people feared that the French of the British would soon gain control of the Polish corridor

MC#2 One reason the Fascist government of Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany was that Germany

1. was threatened by the United States2. supported civil liberties for all3. failed to join the League of Nations4. faced economic and political difficulties

MC#2 Which of the following is true about life for Jews and minorities under Nazi rule?1 The rights of all people under the Nazi’s were respected2. Germans made laws that helped non-German people3. More Germans married Jews than any time in the past4. Germans believed that they were superior to Jews and other minorities

MC#1 Which is one major reason the Holocaust is considered a unique event in modern European history?1. Jews of Europe have seldom been victims of persecution.2. Civilians rarely were killed during air raids on Great Britain.3. Adolf Hitler concealed his anti-Jewish feelings until after he came to power.4. The genocide was planned in great detail and required the cooperation of many people.

Joseph Stalin was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign. Industrial workers lost rights and their working conditions deteriorated. In 1940, a law passed stating that a worker could be arrested if he had three absences, late arrivals or changed jobs without the official authorization. Workers had to work long hours without extra compensation. In theory, all jobs were open to women. Childcare facilities were provided so that the children could be cared for while the women worked. In reality, however, women all too often found themselves both caring for the home and family in addition to working a full-time job. Women did benefit from the improved health and living conditions provided for workers and their families. But they rarely made it to senior positions. For example, while 50-60% of doctors in USSR were female by the late 1930s, there were only 4 female senior doctors in one major city. Stalin pushed an anti-religion campaign. The main target of the anti-religious campaign was the Russian Orthodox Church. Nearly all of its clergy, and many of its believers, were shot or sent to labor camps. Between 1927 and 1940, the number of Orthodox Churches fell from 29,584 to less than 500. The Communist Party engaged in an intensive recruitment campaign to strengthen his base by outnumbering the Old Bolsheviks (Lenin supporters) and reducing their influence in the party. During the first five-year plan from 1929 to 1933, party membership grew rapidly to approximately 3.5 million members. However, party leaders suspected that the new members had allowed capitalist to join so the party closed to new members and starting

******************************************************************************************Homework #7 Battle of Britain 1. Define: a. Blitzkrieg2. From the POINT OF VIEW of a teenager living in London during the blitz. Write a diary entry explaining your experiences. (minimum 8 sentences)

******************************************************************************************Homework #8 Growth of the Japanese Empire 1. Using the document, explain how the GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT (where this historical development is taking place, and why it is taking place there) affected the development of the Japanese Empire. (Template: This area is _____________ (location, geography). Due to this geography, ____________happened)2. Multiple Choice

******************************************************************************************Homework #9 War in the Pacific1. Using the document, identity Dr. Tatsuirchiro Akizuki’s PURPOSE (Persuade, Inform or Entertain) for writing this account. (Template: The purpose of this document is to persuade, inform or entertain.

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MC#1 Between the Meiji Restoration and World War II, Japan tried to solve the problem of its scarcity of natural resources by

1. exporting agricultural products in exchange for new technology

2. establishing a policy of imperialism3. building nuclear power plants4. cooperating with the Soviet Union

to gain needed resources

Japan Invades ChinaIn 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, an area of northern China that was especially rich in iron and other resources Japan did not have. During the 1930s, Japan’s army moved beyond Manchuria into other areas of China. When the Chinese fought back in 1937, Japan declared war on China and took over the Chinese capital, Nanjing. In Nanjing, Japanese soldiers murdered many Chinese civilians and raped thousands of Chinese women. The United States and some European countries criticized Japan’s actions. With Japan in control, other countries would not be able to trade very much with China. In 1940, Japan took control of French Indochina (an area that today is the nations of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos); French Indochina had been a colony of France. Japan wanted rubber and other resources from this region. The United States warned Japan that it would apply sanctions unless Japan pulled back from Indochina. At this time, Japan relied on the U.S. for supplies of oil and various metals, resources not found in Japan. Japan did not pull back, and the United States banned the sale of iron, steel and oil to Japan in 1940. Japan responded in December 1941 by bombing the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This surprise attack brought the United States into the war against Japan, Italy, and Germany.

Blitzkrieg was a military tactic calculated to create psychological shock and disorganization in enemy forces through the employment of surprise, speed, and superiority of firepower. Blitzkrieg is most commonly associated with Nazi Germany during World War II. German planes would fly over London and other populated cities and drop bombs. Numerous children were sent away from their families to live in the suburbs which were not being attacked. (Chronicles of Narnia, Lord of the Flies were all based on children leaving.)

Nuremburg Laws, 1935Section 1. Marriages between Jews and citizens of Germany are forbidden (not allowed). Such marriages are invalid (not legal, not recognized).Section 2. Sexual relations outside marriage between Jews and citizens of German blood are forbidden.Section 4. A Jew cannot be a German citizen.

This document is persuading, informing or entertaining ( person or country) because )

******************************************************************************************Homework #10 War in the Pacific 1. Identify a turning point (A turning point is a significant event, idea, or historical event that brings about change. It can be local, regional, national or global) associated with the events or ideas found in the documents from Homework #8 & 9 (Template: The turning point is (event))

2. Explain why it is a turning point. Minimum 8 sentences. (Template: This is a turning point because before and after Document 1 shows this turning point with Document 2 shows this turning point with Document 1 led to Document 2 because NOW INCLUDE ANY OTHER OUTSIDE INFORMATION)

******************************************************************************************Homework #11 The Cold War

1. Define: a. Communism b. Capitalism,c. Iron Curtain2. According to the map to the right, list the countries became communist during the years following World War II.3. Read the passage below and answer the following question: Describe the PURPOSE (Persuade, Inform, or Entertain) of the U.S. opposing the U.S.S.R. after World War II ended?4. Multiple Choice

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MC#1 Which statement best describes most Eastern European countries immediately after World War II? They

1. adopted democratic reforms in their political systems

2. became satellite states of the Soviet Union

3. became dependent on aid provided by the Marshall Plan

4. emerged as world economic powers

MC#2 After World War II, the Soviet Union established satellites in Eastern Europe to

1. support the remaining Fascist governments in Eastern Europe

2. preserve capitalism in Eastern Europe3. establish democratic governments in

Eastern European nations4. expand its power and control over

Eastern Europe

R

******************************************************************************************Homework #12 Containment 1. Define: a. containment b. Marshall Plan c. NATO d. Warsaw Pact2. Look at each document on the next page. You are a German citizen living in Berlin and you have just woken up only to find out that there is a wall dividing your city. Write a letter to a friend explaining your thoughts and feelings about what is happening from this POINT OF VIEW. (8 sentences minimum)3. Multiple Choice

Readings on the next page.

******************************************************************************************Homework #13 The Reunification of Germany1. Define: a. Berlin Wall 2. Explain how the building of the Berlin Wall was a TURNING POINT in European history. (Include before and after in your answer) 3. What were the challenges facing the German people after the Berlin Wall came down?

The Berlin WallThe Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to divide the two parts of the city of Berlin – Communist East Berlin and non-Communist West Berlin. The Soviet Union controlled East Berlin and the United States controlled West Berlin. East Berlin, backed by the Soviet Union, built the Berlin Wall to prevent East Germans from going to the West. The East Berlin side of the Wall included armed guards, guard dogs, barbed wire, electric alarms, mines, and trenches to keep people in.

Life after the wallIn 1989 the Berlin Wall came down after many revolutions. It was torn down peacefully by joyful East and West German citizens who hated this structure. This was when the Cold War was declared over. Life after the Berlin Wall became very different for Germans. The Soviet Union controlled many European nations, including Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, East Germany and Romania. In 1989, these people protested against their governments by marching in the streets, fighting with Soviet-backed troops and demanding freedom. By 1990 the nations of Eastern Europe got their wish. The Soviet Union said that these countries could do whatever they pleased. The nations of Eastern Europe were faced with a huge problem: how to change their countries after 42 years of living in a place where the government had complete control over all aspects of society to a place where people could have a say in their government. They had to completely change their systems of education, housing, food services, transportation,

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MC#1 Which statement best describes most Eastern European countries immediately after World War II? They

1. adopted democratic reforms in their political systems

2. became satellite states of the Soviet Union

3. became dependent on aid provided by the Marshall Plan

4. emerged as world economic powers

MC#2 After World War II, the Soviet Union established satellites in Eastern Europe to

1. support the remaining Fascist governments in Eastern Europe

2. preserve capitalism in Eastern Europe3. establish democratic governments in

Eastern European nations4. expand its power and control over

Eastern Europe

MC#1 “Warsaw Pact Tanks Invade Budapest""Wall Divides Berlin”“Liberal Czechoslovak Government Replaced”These historical newspaper headlines were related to1. Mikhail Gorbachev’s introduction of the policy of Glasnost2. Adolf Hitler’s efforts to promote national socialism3. the Soviet Union’s acceptance of capitalism4. attempts by the Soviet Union to strengthen communist control powers

The Cold War BeginsAfter World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or USSR) became the most powerful countries in the world. The U.S. and the USSR had been allies (friendly) against the Axis powers. But after the war ended, the two “superpowers” became rivals, even enemies. The two countries had different economic systems that were completely opposite and went against each other: capitalism in the United States, communism in the USSR. Joseph Stalin, the Soviet leader, wanted to spread communism to other countries. The United States, a capitalist country, wanted to stop him from spreading communism across the globe.

The Berlin Wall“One summer morning in 1961, the residents of Berlin woke up to find a wall separating the two sides of the city.The first wall was made of barbed wire fences but later, was replaced by a thick, concrete wall.”The eastern half of the city would be run by a communist government and the western half would be run by a democratic government. No longer could people travel freely. People who lived in the Eastern half of the city could not travel to the Western side of the city nor could Germans who lived in the West travel to the East.

business transactions and many, many other aspects of their lives. This indeed, was a monumental task. In April 1992, Bosnia-Herzegovina declared its independence from Yugoslavia. Over the next several years, Bosnian Serb forces targeted both Bosnian Muslims and Croatian civilians resulting in the deaths of some 100,000 people by 1995. It was the worst act of genocide since the Nazi regime’s destruction of some 6 million European Jews during World War II.

******************************************************************************************Homework #14 Fall of the Soviet Union1. Define: a. Mikhail Gorbachev b. glasnost c. perestroika d. dissident2. Why would people in the Soviet Union welcome the policies of Glasnost? Use the document below to answer the question.3. Discuss the SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES between the Soviet Union during the period of Glasnost and the United States today. Explain.

Greater Glasnost Turns Some Soviet Heads - The New York News November 1986 “Glasnost means “openness” or “publicity.” To give glasnost is to speak out openly and to say whatever is on your mind. In the Soviet Union, glasnost means that the people can finally say whatever is on their minds without the threat of being punished. Of all of the programs of President Gorbachev, this one will have the greatest impact on his people. Books that were banned before can now be read openly, rock music that was banned is now listened to and a television reporter gave an approving report of an American restaurant, suggesting that its cleanliness and good organization were something that the Soviet Union could follow.”

******************************************************************************************Homework #15 Life Under Communism in China – Mao 1. Define: a Mao Zedong 2. From the POINT OF VIEW of the Chinese people, how did life in China change during the Cultural Revolution?

Soon after WWII ended, a Communist leader named Mao Zedong took over China. He wanted to change China from a farming country to a modern industrial society. He held an iron grip on China and oppressed (put down) the people of China. The Cultural Revolution was a sociopolitical movement that took place in China from 1966 until 1976. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, its stated goal was to preserve 'true' Communist ideology in the country by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society. Large number of people perceived to be "monsters and demons" regardless of guilt or innocence were publicly denounced, humiliated, and beaten. In their revolutionary fervor, students denounced their teachers, and children denounced their parents. Many died through their ill-treatment or committed suicide. However, the radical policies also provided many in the rural communities with middle school education for the first time. Similarly, a large number of health personnel were deployed to the countryside so farmers were given informal medical training, and health-care centers were established in rural communities. This process led to a marked improvement in the health and the life expectancy of the general population.

******************************************************************************************Homework #16 Life Under Communism in China – Deng 1. Define: a. Deng Xiao Ping, b. Reform2. Imagine that you were a demonstrator in Tiananmen Square in Beijing in 1989. Write a letter to a friend in another city from the POINT OF VIEW of a protestor explaining why you were demonstrating and how the government responded. (minimum 5 sentences)3. Multiple Choice

Tiananmen Square MassacreDeng Xiao Ping did not want to give the Chinese people political freedom. Many Chinese people, especially students and other young people, wanted China to become a democracy, with free elections and free expression. In May 1989, tens of thousands of people gathered in the capital city, Beijing, to demonstrate for greater freedom. They built a plaster statue they called the Goddess of Democracy and Freedom. Deng’s government responded by sending in troops and tanks. Thousands of demonstrators were killed and wounded. Since then, human rights activists in China, and outside, have tried to persuade China’s government to change its policies. But China’s government has refused to back down.

******************************************************************************************Homework #17 Gandhi and Indian Independence Movement1 Define: a. Civil Disobedience b. Ahimsa c. The Salt March 2. What British actions CAUSED India to want their independence? (Think back to first semester.)

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MC#2 Sun Yat-sen’s “Three Principles of the People” (1911) and the demonstrations in Tiananmen Square (1989) were similar in that they both demanded that the Chinese government1. achieve global interdependence2. restore dynastic rule3. introduce democratic reforms4. end foreign influences in China powers

MC#1 Which statement about the economy of China in the 1980’s is most accurate?1. China surpassed the Soviet Union in steel production2. China’s economy slowed down because of a lack of natural resources3. China increased its industrial capacity and foreign trade4. China’s economy suffered from overproduction of consumer goods

3. Explain what each quote (3) means in your own words. Each answer must be at least three sentences long. You must be SPECIFIC in your answer!

QUOTES BY GANDHI A. “I believe in non-violence. But it’s not just that. To me, it means that you cannot offend anybody. You cannot even have evil thoughts about another person, even if that person is your enemy.”

B. “Passive resistance is a way of achieving rights. For example, if a government has passed a law that I do not feel is fair to my people, I will not obey that law. When we do not like certain laws, we don’t break the heads of those who make laws. Instead, we must suffer, not follow the laws and suffer the consequences.”

C. “Violence causes violence. Just because you feel strongly about something does not mean that strength should be taken out on others.”

******************************************************************************************Homework #18 Apartheid1. Define: a. Apartheid b. Afrikaners c. African National Congress d. Soweto Uprising e. Nelson Mandela f. Reverend Desmond Tutu2. Read the passage below and describe the lives of black South Africans under the system of Apartheid. Discuss the DIFFERENCES between the lives of white and black South Africans. (minimum 5 sentences)

About 45 percent of Black South Africans live in or near cities. They are needed as dockworkers, road builders, railroad workers, and workers in mines. Many black women work as servants and particularly as nursemaids for white families. Blacks are permitted only certain jobs. In certain cities a black person might operate an elevator in a “black” building but not in a “white” building. Schools are segregated in South Africa. Schools for blacks have a much lower quality of education. Whites in South Africa did this deliberately so that blacks would not be educated and thus, kept lower than whites. Blacks of South Africa had to live in homelands. The homelands are the worst areas in South Africa. In the homelands, poverty is widespread, with nearly half the babies and young children dying before the age of five.

******************************************************************************************Homework #19 Arab / Israel Conflict1. Define: a. PLO b. intifada d. Yasir Arafat e. Yitzhak Rabin2. Read the two passages below. Make a T-Chart of each person’s argument points. (at least 4 ideas for each side of the chart) (*Note: Palestine and Israel are two different names for the same land*)3. Using your own personal BIAS, determine which side you think has a more legitimate claim to the holy land. Why? (5 sentences each, total 10 sentences)

A Jewish Person Speaks out on Israel:

“Israel is our homeland. It has been the Jewish homeland since Biblical times. But the Romans forced us out. We were scattered throughout the world – it has always been our dream to return to our homeland. After we left, the Arabs came to live in Israel. Then the Ottoman Turks took over. Then the British were in charge. The British promised to give our homeland back in the Balfour Declaration. We bought some of our land from the Arabs and farmed it. It is said that we were able to make the desert bloom! During WWII, millions of us were killed and many were frightened and left homeless. Returning to our homeland offered security and hope. We have the right to our own country in our homeland. God has given us this land, his chosen people, this land of Israel. At last we have our homeland back.”

An Arab speaks out on Palestine

“Arabs have lived in this land for hundreds of years. When the Ottoman Turks left our land, we finally thought we could have our own independent nation. The Europeans promised us land and freedom, but then after Britain took over, they changed their mind and gave the land to the Jews. After WWI, most of our people were poor from centuries of foreign rule. A small number of rich people owned the land and we paid rent to foreigners, even though we lived on this land for hundreds of years. But soon, rich, Jewish settlers from many countries started to come to our home. They claimed that they were returning to their homeland. They claimed that God promised them this land. They bought this land from our landlords. Great Britain began to allow increasing numbers of Jewish immigrants into Palestine. Then they said the Jews could have their own country and decided to split up Palestine into two lands. We were against it. We felt like the majority of the Palestinian Arabs could live in peace with the Jews. However, we had no choice in the matter. We united against the plan, but we did not succeed. In 1948, the United Nations approved the plan and the country of Israel was formed.”

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Homework #20 Globalization 1. Define: a. IMF b. interdependence c. multinational corporation 2. Read the article below and define the term Globalization. 3. What is one EFFECT of globalization on the world?

What is Globalization?“The world today is much smaller than it was in Columbus’s time. Back in the 1400’s it took 3 months to cross the Atlantic Ocean, today it takes only 6 hours. We can now buy goods made in Japan, talk to someone in Brazil, fly to Russia, and share ideas with people all over the world instantly. This sharing of goods and ideas is known as globalization, and it is a result of the improvements that have been made in technology over the past 20 years. Because of globalization the entire world is becoming one society without borders and beginning to practice what is called free trade. Though free trade companies called corporations are allowed to make and sell their goods all over the world. The goal of these corporations is to make as much money as possible.”

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NOTE: There are Essay HW Assignments that you will have to complete during the course of the semester

GLOSSARYAhimsa- means non-violence. Practiced by Mahatma Gandhi.African National Congress- the first resistance movement waged by black Africans against Afrikaners in South Africa. Afrikaners- the original Dutch and English settlers in South Africa Anti-Semitism: hatred against Jews.Apartheid- the racial segregation (separation) of whites and blacks in South Africa.Berlin Wall- the wall in Berlin Germany which separated the Communist led Soviet Union in the East, and the Democratic nations in the West. Blitzkrieg - German: “lightning war”Capitalism: a type of economy in the West where a free market is encouraged.Civil Disobedience- peaceful, non-violent, non-cooperationCommunism: A form of government where there is no private property, all resources are shared and owned commonly.Containment : the policy of the U.S. and Europe during the Cold War to stop the spread of Communism.Deng Xiao Ping: Former president of China who opened China economically but refused to allow political change. Dissident - a person who actively challenges a government,, policy, or institutionEmbargo: a refusal to trade with a particular nation.Fascism: political philosophy, movement, or regime that puts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized government headed by a dictator.Glasnost - was a policy of openness by the Soviet UnionGlobalization - the increased movement of goods, services, people, information, and ideas across national borders and around the worldIMF - is the international organization that regulates the global financial system. Inferior: the belief that a one race is less intelligent or capable than another race.Inflation: when the cost of daily goods is more expensive than the salaries that the average people earn.Iron Curtain: term coined by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill; the imaginary line separating the capitalist Western European countries from the communist Eastern European countries.Interdependence - to depend upon one another. Intifada - translates to “shaking off”. The term used by Palestinian Arabs when they waged a violent rebellion against Israeli Jews.

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Mao ZeDong: known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary and founding father of the People's Republic of China,Marshall Plan: the financial assistance given by the United States to help Western Europe after World War II.Mikhail Gorbachev- the last leader of the Soviet Union. He promoted the programs of Glasnost and perestroika.Multinational corporation - corporations that operate within many nations.NATO: the North Atlantic treaty Organization. Set up during the Cold War to form an alliance against Communist nations.Nelson Mandela - the former head of the African National Congress. Perestroika - restructuring of the Soviet political and economic system.PLO- the Palestinian Liberation Organization- The primary group that represents the Palestinian people.Propaganda: Information that is spread for the purpose of promoting a cause or convincing someone of something.Reform: to make a change in any type of system (political, economic, educational).Reparations: payments made by a country for the cost of war damages.Salt March- a protest led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930. Gandhi led thousands of Indians to the sea to make salt and protest the British Empire. Sanctions: placing laws on a nation to limit their ability to trade or conduct business with other nations.Scapegoat: to rid yourself of guilt by placing the blame on someone else.Superior: when one group believes they are better than another group.Soweto Uprising - uprisings by youth groups in 1976 in South Africa. These protests resulted in the killing of over 500 young adults by South African police.Reverend Desmond Tutu- influential Church leader in South Africa who helped lead the anti-apartheid movement.Totalitarianism: A form of government with an absolute dictator.Treaty of Versailles: The treaty that ended World War One.Warsaw Pact: the alliance set up between Communist nations in Europe after World War II.Weimar Republic: the failed government set up in Germany after World War I.Yasir Arafat - Previous leader of the PLO, he fought against Israel for the causes of the Palestinian people. He worked with the Israeli leader Yitzhak Rabin to achieve peace in Israel.Yitzhak Rabin - previous General and Prime Minister of Israel. He worked with Yasir Arafat at the Oslo Peace Accords but was eventually assassinated in 1995.

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