Edward Freeland Survey Research Center Princeton University September 6, 2014.
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Transcript of Edward Freeland Survey Research Center Princeton University September 6, 2014.
CROSS-NATIONAL POLLING AND THE
GLOBALIZATION OF POLITICAL CULTURE
Edward FreelandSurvey Research Center
Princeton University
September 6, 2014
Globalization Growth of trade Spread of democracy Long term decline of military and civil
violence Spread of health and affluence and the
decline of poverty Migration, travel, and student exchange Growth of global scientific and professional
networks Global survey and polling infrastructure
Globalization of Public Opinion?
How much does awareness of what’s going on in other countries influence policy debate or public opinion in the U.S.?
Is there evidence of a “global” perspective and does it have any impact on domestic policy debates such as healthcare reform
The future of American exceptionalism
Reasons to Think Views on Health Care Policy Would Become More Globalized Medicine and health sciences have
become hyper-globalized Similarity of health conditions and
hazards in affluent nations Similarity of physician training,
treatment settings and regimens
Source: Anahad O‘Connor New York Times June 1, 2014 "Google Glass Enters the Operating Room."
Source: WTO statistical data sets, April 2012
Source: Freedom House, World Comparative and Historical Data
Source: “Measuring Systemic Peace” Global Conflict Trends
Source: Urbanomics. “Global Poverty Rates are Down” March 19, 2012.
Source: Global Trends: Wealth & Health of Nations
Growth of GDP and Life Expectancy
Source: Chronicle of Higher Education. Nov. 12, 2012 “Growth in Study Abroad Approaches Standstill.”
Source: Institute of International Education. Open Doors 2013 “Fast Facts”
Increase in Global Scientific Collaboration
Source: The Royal Society 2011. Knowledge, Networks and Nations: Global scientific collaboration in the 21st century. London. The Royal Society.
Growth of Cross-National Survey Research
World Values Survey (1990-2014) Gallup World Poll World Bank and IMF Global barometers/ESS/ISS UN and World Health Organization Methodological research
Education for a Global Perspective
Popular theme in U.S. education since 1980s
Robert Hanvey: “An Attainable Global Perspective” (1982)Cross-cultural awarenessKnowledge of global dynamics
Universities – movement to coordinate international programs
Journal of Studies in International Education
Debating Health Insurance Reform in the U.S. Compare last two major attempts to
implement national policy aimed at full coverage
1992-94 – Clinton’s Health Security Act 2008-10 – Obama’s Affordable Care Act In both, U.S. has “last mover” advantage Extensive media coverage of debates in
both periods
Health Insurance Reform: Policy Design and Public Opinion
ACA evolves from remnants of previous US reform efforts that stalled or failed
Policymakers avoid stigma of any association with Europe
Public likes nearly all components of the ACA except the individual mandate
Opinion heavily dependent on partisanship and media consumption
Health Care: Public Perceptions and Global Comparisons
“The Best Healthcare System in the World”
Harvard Survey (2008)45% say U.S. healthcare system is best in
the world55% say U.S. patients receive better quality
of care than those in other nationsHigh percentages of “Don’t Know” responses
when asked about specific countries
Source: Harvard School of Public Health. March 20, 2008. “Most Republicans think the U.S. health care system is the best in the world. Democrats disagree.”
Other Surveys on Perceptions
Pew Survey 2009 Most rate U.S. health care as no better
than average compared to health care other industrialized nations“Above average” (23%)“Average” (32%)“Below Average” (27%)
Source: Pew Research Center. July 24, 2009. “Few See U.S. Health Care as ‘Best in the World.’”
Deloitte Consumer Survey (2011)
12-nation survey Questions on
Satisfaction with system performancePerceptions of wasted spendingComparisons with other countriesUtilization; Health and wellness behaviors
U.S. consumers (including uninsured) less satisfied than consumers in other nations
Source: Deloitte. 2011 Survey of Health Care Consumers Global Report.
US Newspaper Mentions of Foreign Countries in Health Insurance Reform Debates
Canada Britain France Switzerland Germany Australia Europe Socialism 0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
1992-94 (N=5,023)
2008-10 (N=21,065)
NY Times Mentions of Foreign Countries in Health Insurance Reform Debates
Canada Britain France Switzerland Germany Australia Europe Socialism 0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
1992-94 (N=186)
2008-10 (N=243)
U.S. Media Coverage of Foreign News US coverage ranks lower than most
other nations in volume of coverage However, public interest in foreign news
in the U.S. is relatively high Low news coverage correlates with low
international hard news knowledge Declining volume of foreign news
coverage in U.S. media
Source: Aalberg, Toril et al. 2013. "International TV News, Foreign Affairs Interest and Public Knowledge" Journalism Studies 14:3 387-406.
Source: Aalberg, Toril et al. 2013. "International TV News, Foreign Affairs Interest and Public Knowledge" Journalism Studies 14:3 387-406.
Media Coverage of Foreign News
Source: Jones, Timothy M. et al. 2013. "Foreign Nation Visibility in U.S. News Coverage: A Longitudinal Analysis (1950-2006)." Communication Research 40(3):417-436.
U.S. Foreign News Coverage Over Time Jones et al. (2011) study of NY Times
and NBC Nightly News (1950-2006) Coverage related to:
GDPPopulationTrade volumeU.S. troop deployment
Foreign news coverage in long term decline
Source: Jones, Timothy M. 2012. "Foreign Nation Visibility in U.S. Public Discourse: A Longitudinal Analysis, 1945-2008.”
Coverage of Foreign News Declines Over Time
Pew Research Global Attitudes Project Question: “Our people are not perfect but
our culture is superior.” Americans more likely to see their culture
as superior Agreement declines among younger
respondents and those with more education Agreement in U.S. declines from 2002-2011
Opinions On American Exceptionalism
Source: Pew Research Center Global Attitudes Project. 2011."The American-Western European Values Gap"
Source: Pew Research Center Global Attitudes Project. 2011."The American-Western European Values Gap"
Final Questions and Issues
Potential for growing significance of global perspectives on domestic policy issues such as access to affordable health care
Prospects for increasing foreign news coverage in the U.S. media
Political implications of weakening exceptionalism and increasing cosmopolitanism
"I think the older people, when it comes right down to it, when you go to the hospital, with Obamacare you won't get the service like you would if it wasn't in." Jerry Hunnicutt, a retired supervisor at a snack-food plant, with his wife, Carolyn. “If somebody goes in and they need a surgery or something, if you’re older you may be put on the back burner.”
Source: New York Times. September 25, 2013. “In Corner of Arkansas, Frustration but No Panic Over Possible Shutdown.“