EDUCAUSE 2007

Leadership…a development process for

IT professionals

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Leadership…a development process

for IT professionals

Kathy NotterJames King

University of Nebraska - LincolnEDUCAUSE Seattle

October 2007

Leadership

• Tony…has it half-right in his business…When you get away from those circumstances… autocratic control tends to be a non-starter. As a decision-maker, you do want people working for you who don't see it your way because they may see an opportunity you're not looking at.

http://www.forbes.com/leadership/

What is leadership?

Integrity Persistence

Learning..Changing

Leadership is about….

Change • technical…

• adaptive…

Authority• formal…

• informal…

What is leadership?

Influence….Motivation…Initiative…

Influence….Motivation…Initiative…

“A company can grow big without losing the passion and personality that built it, but only if it’s driven not by profits but by people …The key is heart….if you pour your heart into your work, you can achieve dreams others may think impossible…”

Howard Schultz

manager…

• …a person who conducts business or household affairs…

• …makes things work…

Leader…• …a person who has

commanding authority or influence…

• ….leading depends on what people think they are leading…

• …building and developing relationships with people…

Leadership• …. a process of influencing group

members to achieve organizational goals

• …excellent leaders motivate employees to achieve more than minimal tasks…

• What makes a great leader? – Many formal theories of leadership

exist– Most people have their own beliefs

1. Servant 2. Transformational

3. LMX 4. Situational

Servant Leadership Theory• To serve the followers…to be a steward…

Role of the follower:

To become wiser, freer, more autonomous

Expected Outcomes include:

Follower satisfaction, development and commitment to service

Societal betterment

Altruistic Calling

• Deep-rooted desire to make a positive difference in others’ lives….

• Generosity of spirit; ultimate goal to serve…

• Puts others’ interests ahead of their own; goes beyond the call of duty to meet others’ needs…

Emotional Healing

• Commitment to and skill in fostering spiritual recovery from hardships…

• Encompasses being empathic and great listener…

• Followers turn to these leaders when they have a personal trauma…

Wisdom

• Combination of awareness of surrounding & anticipation of consequences…

• Have strong cognitive skill to pick up cues from the environment & understand implications…

• Observant & anticipatory in most functions and settings …

Persuasive Mapping

• Influences others to use sound reasoning and mental frameworks…

• Skilled at mapping issues or problems and conceptualizing greater possibilities…

• Compelling when articulating options…• Encourage others to dream great futures…

Organizational Stewardship

• Prepare an organization to leave a positive legacy…

• Desires to make a positive contribution through community development, programs, etc…

• Ethic for taking responsibility for the well-being of the community…

• Works to develop community spirit in the workplace…

Effective

Passive

Ineffective

Active

CT

MBE-A

MBE-P

LF

Idealized Influence

(Charisma)Inspirational MotivationIntellectual Stimulation

4 I’s

Individualized Consideration

Full-Range Leadership Model

Tran

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Tran

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Transformational Leadership

• To inspire followers to pursue organizational goals…Role of the follower:

Pursue organizational goals

Expected Outcomes include:

Goal congruence

Increased effort, satisfaction and productivity

Organizational gain

Transformational Leadership

• …creating

meaningful work…

Transformational Leadership• …going beyond transactional leadership

by… – articulating a vision…– breaking from the status quo…– providing goals and a plan…– giving meaning or a purpose to goals…– taking risks…– being motivated to lead…– building relationships…– demonstrating high ethical and moral

standards…

• Intellectual Stimulation– Questions– Explores– Revises

• Inspirational Motivation– Demonstrates

Optimism– Shows Meaning– Displays Vision

• Individualized Consideration– Empathizes – Develops– Delegates

• Idealized Influence– Trusts– Identifies – Dedicates

Critical Characteristics Of Transformational Behaviors

LMX Leadership

• To develop positive relationships…

Role of the follower:

- To develop positive relationships with leaders

Expected Outcomes include:

- Mutual trust

- Satisfactions

- Increased effort

LMX Leadership

• When leaders and followers have good exchanges or high quality relationships, they share mutual trust, feel better, accomplish more, and the overall unit performance…is enhanced…

Situational Leadership

• Develop open communication…

Role of the follower:

- Develop self-reliance

Expected Outcomes include:

- Understanding the organizations mission statement

- Mutual trust

Situational Leadership

Situational Leadership

Lead from where you are

• Formulate goals and strategies…

• Maintain relationships within your team and with larger community…

• Build credibility and trust…

• Bargain, network, exercise effective influence…

Attributes of the High-Performance Team

Rapid Response

Creative Talents

Task Focus

Future Focus

High Communication

Alignment on Purpose

Shared Responsibility

Participative Leadership

Motivation Sources

• …intrinsic…..enjoyment of the work itself… Motivated by FUN…

• …instrumental….expectation of tangible rewards.. Motivated by REWARDS…

• …self-concept …getting positive social feedback …Motivated by REPUTATION…

• …self-concept...need for positive self-regard.. Motivated by CHALLENGE…

• …goal….belief in a cause… Motivated by CAUSE…PURPOSE…

Leadership Influence Tactics

SOURCES

- POSITION -• Legitimate • Reward • Coercive • Information

- PERSONAL -• Rational persuasion• Referent • Expert • Charisma

Preferred Leader-Influence Tactics

• Influence tactics: behaviors to influence…

• Assertiveness

• Friendliness / Ingratiation

• Reasoning / Rationality

• Bargaining / Exchange

• Sanctioning

• Appeals to a higher authority

• Coalitions

• Self Promotion

Six "weapons of influence“

• Reciprocation - People tend to return a favor.

• Commitment and Consistency - If people commit, verbally or in writing, to an idea or goal, they are more likely to honor that commitment.

• Social Proof - People will do things that they see other people are doing.

• Authority - People will tend to obey authority figures

• Liking - People are easily persuaded by other people that they like.

• Scarcity - Perceived scarcity will generate demand.

LeadershipLeadership• …. a process of influencing group

members to achieve organizational goals

• …to motivate people to achieve more than minimal tasks…

• What makes a great leader?

– Four theories of leadership

– What are your beliefs?

• …. a process of influencing group members to achieve organizational goals

• …to motivate people to achieve more than minimal tasks…

• What makes a great leader?

– Four theories of leadership

– What are your beliefs?

Leadership…a development process

for IT professionals

James King402.472.3022

jking1@unl.edu

Kathy Notter402.472.5560

knotter2@unl.edu