EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH II (II Bimetsre Abril Agosto 2011)
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Transcript of EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH II (II Bimetsre Abril Agosto 2011)
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH II
Ciencias de la Educación: Mención Inglés
Mgs. Alba Vargas Saritama
Segundo Bimestre
Abril Agosto 2011
Objectives
Distictions between Quantitative and Qualitative Research
According to Gass & Mackey (2005)
Does it depend on the question
or problem addressed?
Which is the most appropriate
approach ?
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
.
Qualitative Research
Mason (1996, p. 3) states that “qualitative
research –whatever it might be- certainly does not represent a unified set of techniques or philosophies, and indeed has grown out a wide range of intellectual and disciplinary traditions”
Qualitative research
Decides what data are needed
Decides if, and what type of, sample is needed
Selects tools appropriate for collecting needed
data
The researcher
Gathering qualitative data
Ethnographies: to describe and interprete human social behavior
Interviews: to question or converse
Diaries/Journals: to report internal processes and thoughts
Case studies:to provide detailed descriptions of specific learners (classes)
Observational techniques: observing interaction, relationships, actions
Triangulations entails the use of
multiple, independent methods in a
single study in order to arrive at
the same findings.
www.indiamart.com
Triangulation
It reduces observer or interviewer bias and
enhances the validity and reliability.
CLASSROOM RESEARCH
CLASSROOM RESEARCH
Classroom research can be addressed as:
classroom-based researchLaboratory-based research
Classroom Research
Observations are useful for gathering in-depth information.The researcher must strive for objectivity and also be aware of subjectivity.Informed consent (permission) Data-elicitation techniques
OBSERVATION
CODING
CODINGSome type of data need to be prepared for coding because it is not ready for immediate analysis after collection; but other type of data like the scores taken from TOEFL do not need any treatment.
Orwin (1994, p. 140) states “Coding represents an attempt to reduce a complex, messy, context-laden and quantification resistant reality to a matrix of numbers”.
How much to code?
What type of data needs
coding?
How to code data?
CODING
http://www.fotosearch.com
CODINGCoding systems include:
- sheets- charts- techniques- schemes, and - other systems according to the needs
Coding systems must be very clear and as straightforward to use as possible, that is carefully selected.
Common coding systems and categories
T- units
Suppliance in obligatory
context (SOC) counts.
CHAT convention
Turns
Utterances Sentence
Communication units
Idea units
Clauses
S - nodes per sentence
Type-token ratios
Targetlike usage
counts
Analysis of Quantitative data
• Descriptive statistics permits
researchers to meaningfully describe
many pieces of data with a few indices.
• It helps researcher to provide a simple
summary or overview of the raw data,
for a better comprehension of the data
set.
Standard scores
Airason & Gay (2005, p. 422) defines
standard scores as a “derived score that
expresses how far a given raw score is from
some referent point, typically the mean, in
terms of deviation units”
Probability refers to the likelihood of
soothing to happen again and again. It is expressed with percentages. In second language studies the accepted value of probability is 05.
Inferential statistics is a type of statistics that determines the likely generalizability from a sample (s) to the general population
The importance of reporting
research
Reporting findings is a crucial element in the
process of second language research.
It must present a clear description of the problem
and the methodology, together with the results.
The researcher`s interpretation of data must be
based on their theoretical framework, and the
conclusion must be closely related to the purpose
of the research.
Research reports depends on the type
of research and the methods use to
addressed questions or problems.
The nature of reports
Common Elements In A Research Report
COMMON ELEMENTS IN A RESEARCH REPORT