Educational innovation in university levels: Crystallography and X - ray diffraction .
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Transcript of Educational innovation in university levels: Crystallography and X - ray diffraction .
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Seminars
Crystallography and Diffraction
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How atoms are ordered in the lattice?
It is studied by Crystallography
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How atoms are ordered in the lattice?
It is studied by Crystallography
All information needed is included in the
International Tables for Crystallography
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How atoms are ordered in the lattice?
It is studied by Crystallography
Each particular structure can be
described using a given Space Group
All information needed is included in the
International Tables for Crystallography
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How atoms are ordered in the lattice?
It is studied by Crystallography
Each particular structure can be
described using a given Space Group
All information needed is included in the
International Tables for Crystallography
To learn more about Space Groups, see the following Seminars:
Space Group Overview
Space Group Symbol
Getting the Table of Equivalent Positions
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Atoms in 3D-lattices form planes …
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Atoms in 3D-lattices form planes …
- Vertical
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Atoms in 3D-lattices form planes …
- Vertical - Horizontal
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Atoms in 3D-lattices form planes …
- Vertical - Horizontal
- and in many other directions …
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Can we calculate the spacing between planes?
spacing
Atoms in 3D-lattices form planes …
- Vertical - Horizontal
- and in many other directions …
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Can we calculate the spacing between planes?
spacing
Yes, we can.
Atoms in 3D-lattices form planes …
- Vertical - Horizontal
- and in many other directions …
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Can we calculate the spacing between planes?
spacing
Yes, we can.
For orthogonal systems (square
angles, 90°) it is quite easy.
Atoms in 3D-lattices form planes …
- Vertical - Horizontal
- and in many other directions …
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Can we calculate the spacing between planes?
spacing
Yes, we can.
For orthogonal systems (square
angles, 90°) it is quite easy.
To learn about it, see the seminar:
Spacing in Orthogonal Systems
Atoms in 3D-lattices form planes …
- Vertical - Horizontal
- and in many other directions …
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Throwing a
X-ray beam on
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Throwing a
X-ray beam on
… and using
a detector …Detector
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Throwing a
X-ray beam on
… and using
a detector …
Inte
nsi
ty
Position of the detector
… one gets a signal so-called diffractogramDetector B
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Throwing a
X-ray beam on
… and using
a detector …
Inte
nsi
ty
Position of the detector
… one gets a signal so-called diffractogramDetector B
Each peak is assigned to a plane of the lattice
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Throwing a
X-ray beam on
… and using
a detector …
Inte
nsi
ty
Position of the detector
… one gets a signal so-called diffractogramDetector B
Each peak is assigned to a plane of the lattice
If we know the position of the peak,
we can calculate the spacing between planes
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Throwing a
X-ray beam on
… and using
a detector …
Inte
nsi
ty
Position of the detector
… one gets a signal so-called diffractogramDetector B
Each peak is assigned to a plane of the lattice
If we know the position of the peak,
we can calculate the spacing between planes
To learn about it, see the seminar:
Bragg Equation
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Throwing a
X-ray beam on
Inte
nsi
ty
Position of the detector
Detector B
If we know the spacing of all planes,
then we can get the index of the planes,
as well as the centering of the unit cell.
… and using
a detector …… one gets a signal so-called diffractogram
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Inte
nsi
ty
Position of the detector
Detector B
If we know the spacing of all planes,
then we can get the index of the planes,
as well as the centering of the unit cell.
It is easy to do it in the cubic system. To learn about it, see the seminar:
Indexing in the Cubic System
… and using
a detector …… one gets a signal so-called diffractogram
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Inte
nsi
ty
Position of the detector
Detector B
Finally, if we know the width of the peaks,
we can calculate the particle size,
and an average of the defects in the lattice
… and using
a detector …… one gets a signal so-called diffractogram
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Inte
nsi
ty
Position of the detector
Detector B
Finally, if we know the width of the peaks,
we can calculate the particle size,
and an average of the defects in the lattice
Scherrer Equation
It is easy to calculate the particle size. To learn how, see the seminar:
Williamson-Hall Equation
… and using
a detector …… one gets a signal so-called diffractogram
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