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Education Pays
Sandy Baum
Independent Higher Education Policy AnalystSenior Fellow, George Washington University School of
Education and Human Development
Illinois College Access and Success ConferenceJuly 2011
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Median Earnings and Tax Payments of Full-Time Year-Round Workers Ages 25 and Older, by Education
Level, 2008
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 1.1; U.S. Census Bureau, 2009; Internal Revenue Service, 2008; Davis et al., 2009; calculations by the authors.
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• Richard Vedder, Charles Murray, etc.
• Comparing unemployment rates: College graduates / overall or college graduates / high school graduates• Earnings comparisons Choice of years and gender
• Why??• Other people’s children
The Controversy
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Estimated Cumulative Earnings Net of Loan Repayment for Tuition and Fees, by Education Level
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 1.3; U.S. Census Bureau, 2009; The College Board, 2009; calculations by the authors.
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Median, 25th Percentile, and 75th Percentile Earnings
of Full-Time Year-Round Workers Ages 25 and Older, by Gender and Education Level, 2008
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 1.5; U.S. Census Bureau, 2009; calculations by the authors.
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Median Earnings of Full-Time Year-Round Workers Ages 25–34, by Gender and Education Level, 1971–
2008 (in Constant 2008 Dollars)
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 1.6; National Center for Education Statistics, 2004; U.S. Census Bureau, 2003–2009; Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010g; calculations by the authors.
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Median Hourly Wage Gain per Year of Schooling, 1973, 1989, and 2007
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 1.7b; Autor, 2010.
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Labor Force Participation Rates Among Individuals Ages 25 and Older, by Gender and Education Level,
First Quarter 2010
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 1.8b; Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010e.
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Unemployment Rates Among Individuals Ages 25 and Older, by Education Level, 1992–2009
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 1.10a; Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010d.
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Smoking Rates Among Individuals Ages 25 and Older,
by Education Level, 1940–2008
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 1.16a; DeWalque, 2004; National Center for Health Statistics, 2009, Table 61; NCHS, 2008; calculations by the authors.
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Exercise Rates Among Individuals Ages 25 and Older,
by Age and Education Level, 2008
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 1.17; National Center for Health Statistics, 2008; calculations by the authors.
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Obesity Rates Among Children and Adolescents Ages 2 to 19, by Age and Highest Household Education Level,
2008
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 1.18b; National Center for Health Statistics, 2007–2008; CDC, 2010a; calculations by the authors.
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Percentage of Kindergartners Through Fifth-Graders Whose Parents Reported Participating in Education-
Related Activities with Their Children in the Past Month, by Parents’ Highest Education Level, 2007
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 1.20b; National Center for Education Statistics, 2009, Table 24.
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Voting Rates Among U.S. Citizens, by Age and Education Level, 2008
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 1.22; U.S. Census Bureau, 2008.
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Postsecondary Enrollment Rates of Recent High School Graduates by Family Income, 1984–2008
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 2.1; National Center for Education Statistics, 2010.
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Percentage of 1999 Entrants at Flagship Universities Graduating Within Six Years, by Parental Education
Level and Family Income, Adjusted for Student Characteristics
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 2.5a; Bowen et al., 2009.
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Percentage of First-Time Full-Time Students Beginning Bachelor’s Degree Programs in 2002 Who Earned a B.A. at the Original Institution Within Six Years, by Sector and
Race/Ethnicity
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 2.6b; National Center for Education Statistics, 2008b.
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Percentage of High School Graduates and of All Youths Enrolling in College Immediately After High
School, Selected States, 2005–06
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays 2010, Figure 2.10; National Center for Education Statistics, 2009, Tables 105 and 203.