Education Chapter 14. Learning Objectives Describe the manifest and latent functions of education. ...
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Transcript of Education Chapter 14. Learning Objectives Describe the manifest and latent functions of education. ...
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Describe the manifest and latent functions of education.Describe the manifest and latent functions of education. Explain the nature of education from the conflict theory Explain the nature of education from the conflict theory
view.view. Explain the causes and effects of racial segregation in Explain the causes and effects of racial segregation in
the public schools.the public schools. Identify issues related to students who speak English as Identify issues related to students who speak English as
a second language.a second language. Discuss the extent to which high-school dropouts are a Discuss the extent to which high-school dropouts are a
social problem.social problem. Discuss the issue of standardized testing.Discuss the issue of standardized testing.
Purpose of EducationPurpose of Education
Main purpose of education is to Main purpose of education is to equalize societyequalize society
Source of social inequality is the Source of social inequality is the unequal distribution of knowledgeunequal distribution of knowledge
Main purpose of education is to Main purpose of education is to equalize society by diffusing equalize society by diffusing knowledge to all. knowledge to all.
Lester Frank Ward Lester Frank Ward (President, ASA)(President, ASA)
Sociological PerspectivesSociological Perspectives
Functionalists Functionalists Stress the importance of education in Stress the importance of education in
socializing the young, transmitting the culture, socializing the young, transmitting the culture, and developing skills.and developing skills.
Conflict theoristsConflict theorists Note that education preserves social class Note that education preserves social class
distinctions, maintains social control, and distinctions, maintains social control, and promotes inequality. promotes inequality.
Cultural TransmissionCultural Transmission
Passage of major portions of society’s Passage of major portions of society’s knowledge from one generation to the nextknowledge from one generation to the next
Academic SkillsAcademic Skills
Provision of knowledge essential to daily Provision of knowledge essential to daily activitiesactivities LiteracyLiteracy MathematicsMathematics Critical thinking and analysisCritical thinking and analysis
InnovationInnovation
Transmission of society’s knowledgeTransmission of society’s knowledge Foundation for creation and transmission Foundation for creation and transmission
of new knowledgeof new knowledge Learning independent and creative Learning independent and creative
thinkingthinking
Child CareChild Care
Latent functionLatent function Provision of child care outside the Provision of child care outside the
nuclear familynuclear family
Postponing Job HuntingPostponing Job Hunting
Extension of education into post-high Extension of education into post-high school learningschool learning Increased skills via additional education and Increased skills via additional education and
trainingtraining Reduction in unemployment and competitionReduction in unemployment and competition
Age 25-29 High School and Bachelor’s Age 25-29 High School and Bachelor’s Degree AttainmentDegree Attainment
Conflict Theory PerspectiveConflict Theory Perspective
Social ControlSocial Control Hidden curriculumHidden curriculum
Attitudes and values taught in school Attitudes and values taught in school prepare children to accept:prepare children to accept:• Requirements of adult lifeRequirements of adult life• Social, political, and economic statuses the Social, political, and economic statuses the
society providessociety provides
Issues in American EducationIssues in American Education
Unequal access to educationUnequal access to education Students who speak English as a second Students who speak English as a second
language language High-school dropoutsHigh-school dropouts Violence in schoolsViolence in schools Home schooling Home schooling Standardized testing Standardized testing
Unequal Access to EducationUnequal Access to Education Forms of segregationForms of segregation
• De jure segregationDe jure segregation Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KansasBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
• De facto segregationDe facto segregation ““White flight”White flight”
Financial problemsFinancial problems• Social class, financial aid issuesSocial class, financial aid issues
Students Who Speak English as a Students Who Speak English as a Second LanguageSecond Language 6.3 million children aged 5 to 17 (14%) speak 6.3 million children aged 5 to 17 (14%) speak
a language other than English at homea language other than English at home 3.2 million elementary and secondary school 3.2 million elementary and secondary school
students have limited English proficiencystudents have limited English proficiency
Department of EducationDepartment of Education
High-School DropoutsHigh-School Dropouts Significant social impactSignificant social impact Pay less in taxes (lower earnings)Pay less in taxes (lower earnings) Increase the demand for social services Increase the demand for social services
including welfare, medical assistance, and including welfare, medical assistance, and unemployment compensationunemployment compensation
Less likely to voteLess likely to vote Have poorer healthHave poorer health Greater criminal devianceGreater criminal deviance
• Half of all state prison inmates did not complete Half of all state prison inmates did not complete high school.high school.
Home SchoolingHome Schooling A matter of choiceA matter of choice Origins in liberal communityOrigins in liberal community
• Pursuit of personal agenda and curriculumPursuit of personal agenda and curriculum Movement to conservative and religious Movement to conservative and religious
communitycommunity• Fear of undermining community-held values and Fear of undermining community-held values and
normsnorms
Standardized TestingStandardized Testing Scientifically-based evaluationScientifically-based evaluation
• Chart, scientifically and objectively, Chart, scientifically and objectively, different levels of mental achievement and different levels of mental achievement and aptitude. aptitude.
Criticism of standardized testsCriticism of standardized tests• Tests are invalid academically and biased Tests are invalid academically and biased
against minorities.against minorities.
Gifted StudentsGifted Students Students displaying three atypical traitsStudents displaying three atypical traits
• Precociousness – students who begin early to Precociousness – students who begin early to master some domainmaster some domain
• Nonconformity – insistence on doing things Nonconformity – insistence on doing things according to their own specific rulesaccording to their own specific rules
• A rage to master – desire to know everything there A rage to master – desire to know everything there is to know about a subjectis to know about a subject
Ellen Winner (1996)Ellen Winner (1996)