EduardoAntonioMolinari-Novoadownloads.hindawi.com/journals/scientifica/2016/5435781.pdf · Research...

Research ArticleReview of the Trifolium amabile Complex in Peruwith the Description of a New Species

Eduardo Antonio Molinari-Novoa

ldquoAugusto Weberbauerrdquo Herbarium Academic Department of Biology Faculty of SciencesLa Molina National Agrarian University Lima Peru

Correspondence should be addressed to Eduardo Antonio Molinari-Novoa 20090095lamolinaedupe

Received 2 December 2015 Revised 5 March 2016 Accepted 22 March 2016

Academic Editor Graziella Berta

Copyright copy 2016 Eduardo Antonio Molinari-Novoa This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work isproperly cited

Here we describe Trifolium absconditum sp nov a new species of the T amabile complex from South America It differs from otherPeruvian Trifolia of the complex by having smaller stipules leaves inflorescences and floral pieces A key for Peruvian species ofthe complex is presented and typifications for them are made when necessary and material is available in Peruvian herbaria Thusthe number of Peruvian species in the complex is elevated to three T amabile T absconditum and a resurrected T peruvianumFinally it is suggested that Chile must be excluded from the distribution of this complex

1 Introduction

Trifolium L is a temperate and subtropical genus comprisedof about 238 herbaceous species [1] Within it an Americancomplex of around 20 species found on dry mountain slopesfromMexico to Argentina is currently considered as a singleentity Trifolium amabile Kunth understood in a wide sense[2 3]

In Peru the only recognized species of the Trifoliumamabile complex is indeed T amabile a native caespitoseherb it is characterized with its nonrooting nodes presentin the introduced species of the genus occurring in thecountry T repens L and T polymorphum Poir and forits conspicuously smaller leaflets than those of the alsointroducedT hybridumL [4 5] It also differs fromT dubiumand T pratense other introduced members of the genusbecause they have a bigger habit

Previously another species was recognised T peru-vianum however some researchers [5 6] put that name insynonymy with T amabile despite being a notably distinctplant and thus previously recognized [7 8] Species of thiscomplex are taxonomically located in subgenus Trifoliumsection InvolucrariumHook ex Lojac andmay be as a groupthe origin of all the section of American clovers [9 10]

In the course of our investigations on Andean Peruvianrosids we revised thoroughly the specimens deposited atHerbarium ldquoAugusto Weberbauerrdquo (MOL) in Lima Peruwhich referred to plants of the genus and took specialemphasis on the T amabile complex species Within it thefollowing species were recognizedT amabileT peruvianumand an unnamed species characterized for its smaller habitevident in its narrower stipules shorter leaflets and smallerflowers Despite the fact that T amabile can be in fact highlyvariable the consistency of the floral characters and theirconstant appearance at a definite range that did not overlapwith those of the T amabile sensu stricto nor with those ofT peruvianum besides the occurrence at different altitudesof those species convinced the author that a taxonomicdifference could be establishedA similar opinion is expressedin recent surveys on the genus [3] but without proposingnomenclatural acts [11] Therefore we are encouraged topublish ours leaving non-Peruvian species out of the reachof this study Here we present the description of Trifoliumabsconditum sp nov along with descriptions of the otherPeruvian species of this complex

Additionally a key for the Peruvian species of the complexis provided all specimens consulted of the three involved taxa

Hindawi Publishing CorporationScientificaVolume 2016 Article ID 5435781 5 pageshttpdxdoiorg10115520165435781

2 Scientifica

of the country are cited and typifications of some taxa whenmaterial is available in Peruvian herbaria are made

2 Materials and Methods

The specimens analysed are deposited in the cited herbariaThey were evaluated with a RadioShack digital-electronicalcaliper and studied under a Leica ZOOM 2000 stereoscopeand all the measures were repeated five times for eachherbarium sheet The characters evaluated are the ones usedin the descriptions Data were processed using MicrosoftExcelThephotographs of specimenswere takenwith aNikonD800E high-resolution camera A survey to the Andean hillsof Lima was made in order to secure a complete specimen ofTrifolium peruvianum

The following Peruvian herbaria were consultedldquoAugusto Weberbauerrdquo (MOL) ldquoSan Marcosrdquo (USM) andldquoMagdalena Pavlichrdquo (HUPCH) Additionally a photographof a specimen from the Argentinian ldquoMuseo Botanicordquo (SI)was used and the ldquoHerbario Nacionalrdquo of Chile (SGO) wasvisited in order to clarify the presence of this complex in thecountry

Nomenclature follows the cited works [2 3]

3 Results

We present a key to determine the Peruvian species of thecomplex Also full descriptions are provided

Key to the Species of the Trifolium amabile Complex in Peru

(1) Stipules longer than 68mm Leaflets longer than65mm

(2) Sepal lobes narrower than 07mm usually attainingthat measure

Trifolium amabile Kunth (I)

(2lowast) Sepal lobes around 105mm wide

Trifolium peruvianum Vogel (II)

(1lowast) Stipules shorter than or equal to 65mm long Leafletsup to 57mm

Trifolium absconditumMolinari (III)

(I) Trifolium amabile Kunth [12 p 503]

equiv Lupinaster amabilis (Kunth) C Presl [13 p 47]= Trifolium hemsleyii Lojac [10 p 143] Trifolium ama-bile var hemsleyii (Lojac) D Heller amp Zohary [14 p127]

= Trifolium humboldtii Spreng [15 p 213]= Trifolium mathewsii A Gray [16 p 398]= Trifolium macrorrhizum Ulbr [17 p 2]

= Trifolium pauciflorumWilld ex Steud [18 p 707]= Trifolium reflexum Cham amp Schltdl [19 p 576]Trifolium schiedeanum S Watson [20 p 339]

Description Perennial herb with a caespitose habit Rootwoody pivoted 25ndash3 cm of diameter Stems are up to 80 cmlong usually attaining 40ndash60 cm Stipule acute of 7 or moremm long Petiole scarcely pubescent Leaflet pubescent alongthe central vein in the abaxial side adaxially subglabroususually 15 times 09 cm2 with weakly serrate margins Petiolule08mm long Inflorescence racemose umbellate or capitules-cent with 14ndash16 flowers Flower bracteate with a puberulent25mm long pedicel and subtended by a filiform or slightlytriangular bract of about the length of the flower Calyx55mm long with lobes less than 06mm of width in the basalpart costate pubescent or glabrous with subentire marginsand attenuate apices Corolla pink to red Banner of 8 times 5mmwide with a shallow notchWing spatulate 08mm long Keelspatulate almost as long as thewingsThe four latter petals areasymmetrically clawed Androecium diadelphous the sheathfused for a half its length 4mm long Free stamen almost3mm long Gynoecium sessile subglabrous sheltering each1 to 4 ovules Geographical distribution Colombia EcuadorPeru Bolivia Chile Argentina

Notes Its large stipules narrow calyx lobes and usually longpeduncles besides its occurrence in lower elevations (0ndash3800m) put apart this species from the others

Select Specimens MEXICO Mexico Toluca In pratis With-out date Humboldt sn (F photo) [isotype of T amabile]PERU Ancash Bolognesi Near Chiquian In sandy-rockysoil Herb with pinkish flowers Elev 3350mMay 15th 1950Ferreyra 7450 (MOL) Bolognesi Near Chiquian Flowerspinkish On clay-rock soil Elev 3350m May 15th 1950Cerrate 650 (USM) Huanuco Rondos near Huanuco Infields Pink flowered herb Elev 2400m January 9th 1954Woytkowski 715 (MOL USM) Lima Cajatambo Withoutdate Arredondo sn (MOL) Oyon Oyon District Oyonlocality Herb 10∘4010158400510158401015840LS 76∘4510158404410158401015840LW Elev 3678mApril 5th 2003 Huaman amp al 385 (HUPCH) Pasco InMalanchaca (downroad from La Quinua to Salcachupan) Insandy-clay soil Prostrate herb with white flowers slightlypinkish-purplish Elev 3400m April 1st 1948 Determinedby A Burkart Ochoa 340 (MOL)

(II) Trifolium peruvianum Vogel (1843 12) (Figures 1 and 2)Lectotype of T peruvianum Vogel (here designated) PERUPuno Titicaca Lake Elev 12 900 ft July 1831 Isosyntypeof T peruvianum Meyen s n (F photo) Syntypes at BdestroyedmdashEpitype of T peruvianum Vogel (here desig-nated) PERU Lima Huarochirı In the main square ofSan Damian (minus12017384 minus76391834) Elev 3300m SundayMay 4th 2014Molinari-Novoa 75 (MOL) (Figure 1)

= Trifolium amabile var pentlandii Ball [21 p 35]= Trifolium bolivianum P B Kenn [22 p 97]

Scientifica 3

Figure 1 Molinari-Novoa 75 epitype of Trifolium peruvianumVogel

Figure 2Weberbauer 3965 lectotype ofTrifoliumweberbaueriUlbr(= T peruvianum)

= Trifolium chiclense Ball [21 p 35] Trifolium peru-vianum var chiclense (Ball) J F Macbr [4 p 451]

= TrifoliumweberbaueriUlbr [17 p 2]mdashLectotype of Tweberbaueri (here designated) PERU Cajamarca Upfrom Hualgayoc Near Coymolache Pass Vivaciousherb In a grassland Elev 4000ndash4100 May 11th

1904 Isosyntype of T weberbaueri Weberbauer 3965(MOL) Syntypes at B destroyed (Figure 2)

Description Perennial pubescent herbs with a caespitose orcushion-like habit Root woody of almost 45mm of diam-eter Stems prostrate usually growing near the root up to25 cm long Stipules 07ndash1 cm long with acute apices Petioles1ndash6 cm long pubescent Leaflets elongate obovate 6ndash15mmlong pubescent especially in the midrib abaxially subsessilePetiolule less than a millimetre long Inflorescences axillaryracemose subsessile due to the 15ndash4mm long peduncleoften shorter than the subtending stipule with 14ndash20 flowersper inflorescence Flower subtended by a linear-filiformbractwith a pedicel up to 4mm long Calyx 5mm long with broadlobes of 07ndash15mm wide Corolla white pinkish or purplishBanner short and broad 5 times 8mm2 Wing with spathaceouslamina 35ndash4mm long unguiculate with a rounded apexKeel slightly different than the wings being 05mm shorteror longer also spatulate Androeciumdiadelphous the sheath35ndash4mm long fused for a third of its length Free stamenshorter 25mm long Gynoecium 45mm long sessile withmoderate pubescence 1mm long style sheltering usually 2up to 4 ovules Geographical distribution Ecuador PeruBolivia Argentina

NotesTheusually long stipules thewide calyx lobes the longwide petals and the subsessile heads besides its occurrenceat higher elevations (2800ndash4500m) set this species apartfrom T amabile An epitype is designated for Trifoliumperuvianum since the lectotype at F is fragmentary a singleleaf with a single flower unfit for posing as a type [3]

Select Specimens PERU Ancash Bolognesi Mahuay Pinkflowers In mountainsrsquo lower parts Elev 4700m May22nd 1954 Cerrate 2213 (USM) Cajamarca Up fromHualgayoc Near Coymolache Pass Vivacious herb In agrassland Elev 4000ndash4100May 11th 1904Weberbauer 3965(MOL) [lectotype of T weberbaueri] Huancavelica LircayRupacc Whitish-pinkish flowers (18L 0523300 8556696)Elev 3957m Castaneda 845 (MOL USM) Junın Cono-cancha Natural grasslands Elev 4100m February 11th1982 Tiller amp Maas 148 Tarma Grassland with spareseshrubs Elev 3300ndash3700m Weberbauer 2397 (MOL) LaOroya Grasslands with sparse shrubs Elev 3700ndash3800mWeberbauer 2566 (MOL) Lima Canta Down road fromHuavos town Humid prairie with other three species ofTrifolium Herbs with white flowers Elev 3450m February25th 1992 Flores amp al 7969 (USM) Canta Lachaqui Taracaon the highway to Arahuay On clay-rock soil Decumbentherb with short peduncles White-pinkish flowers Commonname ldquotrebolrdquo Elev 3500m April 12th 2012 Vilcapoma7969 (USM) Huarochirı In the Main Square of San Damiantown (minus12017384 minus76391834) Elev 3300m Sunday May4th 2014 Molinari-Novoa 75 (MOL) [epitype of T peru-vianum] Puno ldquoPampa de Cuanhuillardquo a vast Ichu-tussock-grassland with few small round cacti Tetraglochin (strictum)and few other small shrubs with calcareous outcrops abovein small valley on Puno-Arequipa road at 50 km ca 35 km

4 Scientifica

Figure 3 Woytkowski 915 holotype of Trifolium absconditumMolinari sp nov

(air) of Puno 6 km SW of Manazo Solanum acaule Elev ca3800m January 11th 1963 Iltis amp Ugent 1384 (MOL)

(III) Trifolium absconditum Molinari sp nov (Figure 3)

Holotype PERU Huanuco Chavinillo In grasslands Herbwith pink flowers Elev 3500m January 22nd 1954Woytkowski 915 (MOL)

Dissimile T amabili ac T peruviano quoniam stipulaeligminores

Description Perennial herb with a caespitose habit Rootpivoted woody of 5mm in its wider point Stem prostrate5ndash20 cm long shorter in higher-altitudes plants Stipulealways present 65 or less mm long Petiole pubescent of 8ndash10mm long Leaflet obcordate pubescent along the centralvein in the abaxial side adaxially subglabrous usually 5 times3mm2 with the margins serrate The central leaflet isslightly narrower and longer than the other two Petiolule05mm long subglabrous Inflorescence racemose capit-ulescent axillar subsphaerical 1 times 12 cm2 of area with 8ndash10 flowers each Flower subsessile with a subglabrous orsparsely pubescent pedicel of 15mm long and subtended bya triangular very narrow bract Calyx densely pubescent withhairs up to 05ndash075mm long all the structure 25ndash45mmlong with the lobes triangular each one with an acute apexand with entire margins Corolla whitish purplish or pink(exceptionally red) Banner obcordate longer thanwide withan almost imperceptible notch 5 times 45mm2 or smaller Wingabout 45mm long spathaceous and asymmetrically clawedwith a rounded apex each Keel slightly shorter than thewings with rounded-acute apices Androecium diadelphous

with the connate stamens fused for a third of their lengthattaining 4mm long Free stamen shorter up to 25mmlong Gynoeciumwith a 2-3mm long ovary puberulent stylesubglabrous 1mm long stout The gynoecium shelters 2ovules

Etymology This species is so called since it has been com-monly deposited in herbaria but without being describedall along Geographical distribution is as follows Peru andArgentina

Notes It can be easily recognized by its smaller overall aspectwith less and sparser flowers per inflorescence and the shorterstipules in mature leaves

Paratypes PERU Ancash Bolognesi Pagchu Chilcasvalley Pink flowers Low mountain Elev 3600m May2nd 1978 Cerrate 7198 (USM) Cuzco Yaurisque ParuroSW from Cuzco From Cuzco to Paruro Prostrated herbred-white flowers Nunez 7394 (USM) Huanuco HuanucoChavinillo In ldquopunardquo formation Herb with purplish flowersElev 3800m January 12th 1954 Woytkowski 1040 (MOL)Junın La Oroya Grassland with sparse shrub Herb Elev3700ndash3800m Weberbauer 2566-A (MOL) MoqueguaGeneral Sanchez Cerro Ubinas District Colpamayosite Tassa Locality Small plateau with shrub vegetationHerb creeping trifoliate 1 Montesinos 2007 (HUPCH)ARGENTINA Salta Chicoana Ruta 33 from Cachi toCiudad de Salta after detour for Ruta 42 February 15th2002 Cialdella amp al 310 (SI digital image)

4 Discussion

Trifolium weberbaueri is rather problematic since thedescription of the types refers to small plants (as the lectotypeitself) which can fit in either T absconditum or T amabileif evaluated using vegetative characters [17] However theflower proportions (especially those of the wide bannerpetals) and the stipulesrsquo length of the isosyntype here lec-totypified clearly set the species under synonymy with Tperuvianum as recently suggested [2 3]

ldquoTrifolium amabile var pedicellaris Ballrdquo is a commonlyseen trinomial in Peruvian herbarium sheets however nobibliographic references were found for it Anyway the plantsidentified as such are consistently within our definition of Tperuvianum

All species inhabit sandy soils however some specimensare cited for rocky or clay soils The author had observedthat species of this complex are also opportunistic thrivingin gardens and fodder pastures In Peru these plants arecalled ldquochullasapi chullachaquirdquo (meaning ldquowith one footrdquoreferring to the long deep pivoted root the former name isa corruption of the latter) It is used as a medication againstlungs illnessThe root is grinded boiled and then consumedor it can be chewed raw (R Castaneda pers comm)

Chile was included as a country where T amabile dooccur [14] This seemed quite probable although no otherbibliographic reference or a specimen from there has beenlocated However after a visit to the SGO it became clear

Scientifica 5

that no specimens of the complex are present and thusChile should be excluded from the range of the complex untilfurther notice

Albeit the fact that discrete characters are recognizedand we are sure morphometric approaches to the Trifoliumamabile complex have been successful and appropriate westrongly suggest molecular examinations of the validity ofall taxa complex including both Northern and SouthernAmerican species Despite the works recently done by thecited American authors and the present work increasing thequantity of recognized species of American trefoils whilereducing the number of valid names only genetic researchwill put beyond doubt all the valid species and thereforeclarify definitively the taxonomy of this group

Competing Interests

The author declares that he has no competing interestsregarding the publication of this paper

Acknowledgments

The author is grateful to Carlos Sanchez (MOL) who gra-ciously provided the assessment for the elaboration of theLatin diagnosis and grateful to Milton Cordova StefaniaSibille and Roxana Castaneda (MOL) for their supportand Frank Arroyo (MOLF) who inadvertently provided keybibliography for this research Also the author is indebted tothe personnel of USM herbarium namely Hamilton BeltranSevero Baldeon and Mario Benavente curators Also boththe student staff of HUPCH Herbarium and its director LuisHuaman are to be recognized The pictures were taken withthe assistance of the technician of MOLF Mr Daza A veryspecial acknowledgment is owed to Dr Blanca Leon (USM)who reviewed the paperThe curators and staff from SGO andSI are to be acknowledged too

References

[1] J H Wiersema Taxonomic Information on Cultivated Plantsin the USDA-ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network(GRIN) 2015 httpsnpgswebars-gringovgringlobaltaxon-omylistaspxcategory=speciesamptype=genusampvalue=a20genusampid=12357

[2] T K AlhquistAmorphological analysis of the Trifolium amabileKunth species complex in North America [MS thesis] MiamiUniversity Oxford Ohio USA 2012

[3] J Hendy A morphological analysis of the Trifolium amabileKunth species complex in South America [MS thesis] MiamiUniversity Oxford Ohio USA 2013

[4] J F Macbride ldquoFlora of Peru Leguminosaerdquo Publications of theField Museum of Natural History Botanical Series vol 13 no1ndash3 pp 1ndash507 1943

[5] L Brako and J L Zarucchi Catalogue of the Flowering Plantsand Gymnosperms of Peru vol 45 ofMonographs in SystematicBotany 1993

[6] P M Joslashrgensen and S Leon-Yanez Catalogue of the VascularPlants of Ecuador vol 75 of Monographs in Systematic Botany1999

[7] P M Joslashrgensen and C Ulloa-Ulloa ldquoSeed plants of the highAndes of Ecuadormdasha checklistrdquoAAUReports vol 34 pp 1ndash4431994

[8] R C Foster ldquoA catalogue of the ferns and flowering plants ofBoliviardquo Contributions of the Gray Herbarium vol 184 pp 1ndash223 1958

[9] N W Ellison A Liston J J Steiner W M Williams and NL Taylor ldquoMolecular phylogenetics of the clover genus (Tri-foliummdashLeguminosae)rdquoMolecular Phylogenetics and Evolutionvol 39 no 3 pp 688ndash705 2006

[10] M Lo Jacono ldquoRevisione dei trifogli dellrsquoAmerica Settentri-onalerdquo Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano vol 15 no 2 pp 113ndash224 1883

[11] N J Turland The Code Decoded A Userrsquos Guide to the Interna-tional Code of Nomenclature for Algae Fungi and Plants vol 155of Regnum Vegetabile Koeltz Scientific Books 2013

[12] K S Kunth ldquoTrifoliumrdquoNova Genera et Species Plantarum vol6 pp 501ndash503 1824

[13] C B Presl ldquoAmoria calycinardquo in Symbolae Botanicae SiveDescriptiones et Icones Plantarum Novarum aut Minus Cogni-tarum vol 1 pp 43ndash50 1832

[14] M Zohary and D Heller Trifolium Israel Academy of Sciencesand Humanities Section of Sciences Jerusalem Israel 1984

[15] C Sprengel ldquoDiadelpha Decandriardquo in Systema Vegetabiliumvol 3 pp 176ndash329 Decima Sexta 1826

[16] A Gray Botany Phanerogamia United States Exploring Expe-dition C Sherman Press Philadelphia Pa USA 1854

[17] I E Ulbrich ldquoLeguminosae andinae Irdquo Repertorium NovarumSpecierum Regni Vegetabilis vol 2 no 14-15 pp 1ndash13 1906

[18] E G Steudel Nomenclator Botanicus Pars I Litt A-K J GCotta Press Stuttgart Germany 2nd edition 1840

[19] D Schlechtendal and A Chamisso ldquoPlantarum Mexicanaruma cel viris Schiede et Deppe Collectarumrdquo Linnaea vol 5 pp554ndash625 1830

[20] S Watson ldquoContributions to American botanyrdquo Proceedings ofthe American Academy of Arts and Sciences vol 17 pp 316ndash3821882

[21] J Ball ldquoContributions to the flora of the peruvian andes withremarks on the history and origin of the andean florardquo Journalof the Linnean Society of LondonmdashBotany vol 22 no 141 pp1ndash64 1885

[22] P B Kennedy ldquoStudies on trifolium-IVrdquo Muhlenbergia vol 7pp 97ndash100 1911

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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International Journal of

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Molecular Biology International

GenomicsInternational Journal of


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BioinformaticsAdvances in

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Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of



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Advances in

Virolog y

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Nucleic AcidsJournal of

Volume 2014

Stem CellsInternational



Enzyme Research



Microbiology

2 Scientifica

of the country are cited and typifications of some taxa whenmaterial is available in Peruvian herbaria are made

2 Materials and Methods

The specimens analysed are deposited in the cited herbariaThey were evaluated with a RadioShack digital-electronicalcaliper and studied under a Leica ZOOM 2000 stereoscopeand all the measures were repeated five times for eachherbarium sheet The characters evaluated are the ones usedin the descriptions Data were processed using MicrosoftExcelThephotographs of specimenswere takenwith aNikonD800E high-resolution camera A survey to the Andean hillsof Lima was made in order to secure a complete specimen ofTrifolium peruvianum

The following Peruvian herbaria were consultedldquoAugusto Weberbauerrdquo (MOL) ldquoSan Marcosrdquo (USM) andldquoMagdalena Pavlichrdquo (HUPCH) Additionally a photographof a specimen from the Argentinian ldquoMuseo Botanicordquo (SI)was used and the ldquoHerbario Nacionalrdquo of Chile (SGO) wasvisited in order to clarify the presence of this complex in thecountry

Nomenclature follows the cited works [2 3]

3 Results

We present a key to determine the Peruvian species of thecomplex Also full descriptions are provided

Key to the Species of the Trifolium amabile Complex in Peru

(1) Stipules longer than 68mm Leaflets longer than65mm

(2) Sepal lobes narrower than 07mm usually attainingthat measure

Trifolium amabile Kunth (I)

(2lowast) Sepal lobes around 105mm wide

Trifolium peruvianum Vogel (II)

(1lowast) Stipules shorter than or equal to 65mm long Leafletsup to 57mm

Trifolium absconditumMolinari (III)

(I) Trifolium amabile Kunth [12 p 503]

equiv Lupinaster amabilis (Kunth) C Presl [13 p 47]= Trifolium hemsleyii Lojac [10 p 143] Trifolium ama-bile var hemsleyii (Lojac) D Heller amp Zohary [14 p127]

= Trifolium humboldtii Spreng [15 p 213]= Trifolium mathewsii A Gray [16 p 398]= Trifolium macrorrhizum Ulbr [17 p 2]

= Trifolium pauciflorumWilld ex Steud [18 p 707]= Trifolium reflexum Cham amp Schltdl [19 p 576]Trifolium schiedeanum S Watson [20 p 339]

Description Perennial herb with a caespitose habit Rootwoody pivoted 25ndash3 cm of diameter Stems are up to 80 cmlong usually attaining 40ndash60 cm Stipule acute of 7 or moremm long Petiole scarcely pubescent Leaflet pubescent alongthe central vein in the abaxial side adaxially subglabroususually 15 times 09 cm2 with weakly serrate margins Petiolule08mm long Inflorescence racemose umbellate or capitules-cent with 14ndash16 flowers Flower bracteate with a puberulent25mm long pedicel and subtended by a filiform or slightlytriangular bract of about the length of the flower Calyx55mm long with lobes less than 06mm of width in the basalpart costate pubescent or glabrous with subentire marginsand attenuate apices Corolla pink to red Banner of 8 times 5mmwide with a shallow notchWing spatulate 08mm long Keelspatulate almost as long as thewingsThe four latter petals areasymmetrically clawed Androecium diadelphous the sheathfused for a half its length 4mm long Free stamen almost3mm long Gynoecium sessile subglabrous sheltering each1 to 4 ovules Geographical distribution Colombia EcuadorPeru Bolivia Chile Argentina

Notes Its large stipules narrow calyx lobes and usually longpeduncles besides its occurrence in lower elevations (0ndash3800m) put apart this species from the others

Select Specimens MEXICO Mexico Toluca In pratis With-out date Humboldt sn (F photo) [isotype of T amabile]PERU Ancash Bolognesi Near Chiquian In sandy-rockysoil Herb with pinkish flowers Elev 3350mMay 15th 1950Ferreyra 7450 (MOL) Bolognesi Near Chiquian Flowerspinkish On clay-rock soil Elev 3350m May 15th 1950Cerrate 650 (USM) Huanuco Rondos near Huanuco Infields Pink flowered herb Elev 2400m January 9th 1954Woytkowski 715 (MOL USM) Lima Cajatambo Withoutdate Arredondo sn (MOL) Oyon Oyon District Oyonlocality Herb 10∘4010158400510158401015840LS 76∘4510158404410158401015840LW Elev 3678mApril 5th 2003 Huaman amp al 385 (HUPCH) Pasco InMalanchaca (downroad from La Quinua to Salcachupan) Insandy-clay soil Prostrate herb with white flowers slightlypinkish-purplish Elev 3400m April 1st 1948 Determinedby A Burkart Ochoa 340 (MOL)

(II) Trifolium peruvianum Vogel (1843 12) (Figures 1 and 2)Lectotype of T peruvianum Vogel (here designated) PERUPuno Titicaca Lake Elev 12 900 ft July 1831 Isosyntypeof T peruvianum Meyen s n (F photo) Syntypes at BdestroyedmdashEpitype of T peruvianum Vogel (here desig-nated) PERU Lima Huarochirı In the main square ofSan Damian (minus12017384 minus76391834) Elev 3300m SundayMay 4th 2014Molinari-Novoa 75 (MOL) (Figure 1)

= Trifolium amabile var pentlandii Ball [21 p 35]= Trifolium bolivianum P B Kenn [22 p 97]

Scientifica 3









4 Scientifica











4 Discussion





Scientifica 5



Competing Interests


Acknowledgments


References






























Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology

Scientifica 3









4 Scientifica











4 Discussion





Scientifica 5



Competing Interests


Acknowledgments


References






























Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology

4 Scientifica











4 Discussion





Scientifica 5



Competing Interests


Acknowledgments


References






























Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology

Scientifica 5



Competing Interests


Acknowledgments


References






























Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology








Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology

EduardoAntonioMolinari-Novoadownloads.hindawi.com/journals/scientifica/2016/5435781.pdf · Research...

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