Editorial...
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SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research International Journal of Electrochemistry Volume 2011, Article ID 352546, 2 pages doi:10.4061/2011/352546 Editorial Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Farnoush Faridbod, 1 Vinod Kumar Gupta, 2, 3 and Hassan Ali Zamani 4 1 Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411413137, Iran 2 Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India 3 Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia 4 Department of Applied Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Correspondence should be addressed to Farnoush Faridbod, [email protected] Received 19 December 2011; Accepted 20 December 2011 Copyright © 2011 Farnoush Faridbod et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors have recently found extensive applications in diverse industries. Nowadays, many analytical instruments used in environmental, food, pharma- ceutical, or clinical laboratories and also most of the com- mercial point-of-care devices work using chemical sensors or biosensors, as a whole or a basic part. Glucose biosensors used widely in glucometers and pH electrodes are the im- portant and known examples of the electrochemical sensors. Day by day, the numbers of sensors or biosensors coming from the bench of research laboratories to the shelf of the commercial markets are increasing. Due to the high demand of the world market and human interest for having a device to check the concentration of species in different samples, simple and fast, in recent years, a hard competition on design and construct of new sensors and biosensors has occurred among the researchers. Because of such an importance and to show various ap- plications of this kind of devices, the topic of this special issue was devoted to electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors can offer advantages of low detection limits, a wide linear response range, and good stability and reproducibility. An electrochemical sensor is a device that transforms electrochemical information into an analytically useful sig- nal. Electrochemical sensors usually composed of two basic components, a chemical (molecular) recognition system which is the most important part of a sensor and a phys- icochemical transducer which is a device that converts the chemical response into a signal that can be detected by mod- ern electrical instrumentations. These two parts form a working (or sensing) electrode. A reference electrode and sometimes a counter electrode are also used in electrical measurements. Biosensors are chemical sensors in which the recognition system utilizes a biochemical mechanism. Transduction of a biological or chemical signal into an electrical signal can be done by amperometry, voltammetry, potentiometry, or conductometry. Next generation of sensor or biosensors will require con- siderable improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, and accu- racy to meet the future needs in diversity of fields. Today, application of different nanoparticles in construction of sen- sors and biosensors as a modifier causes to approach to this purpose. The nanoparticles have different effects on response of the sensor or biosensor besides improving their thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties. The papers selected for this special issue represent differ- ent kind of electrochemical sensing, different sensing mate- rials, and also various nanoparticles used in determination various species. Although the papers are not an exhaustive representation of all area of electrochemical sensing or bio- sensing, the papers can give the readers an idea how to make a sensor or biosensor for different applications using elec- trochemical methods. This special issue contains 15 papers, where 8 papers reported new design biosensors for different biological mole- cules. In one of them recent advances in electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors have been discussed. Most of the papers have used nanoparticles in construc- tion of their sensors or biosensors. Three of sensors have applied voltammetric method for transduction of the sensor signal, and three ones have report- ed new designed potentiometric sensors. One paper has used a chemically modified electrochemi- luminescence sensor for determination of atropine sulfate in capillary electrophoresis system.
Transcript of Editorial...
SAGE-Hindawi Access to ResearchInternational Journal of ElectrochemistryVolume 2011, Article ID 352546, 2 pagesdoi:10.4061/2011/352546
Editorial
Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors
Farnoush Faridbod,1 Vinod Kumar Gupta,2, 3 and Hassan Ali Zamani4
1 Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411413137, Iran2 Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India3 Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia4 Department of Applied Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
Correspondence should be addressed to Farnoush Faridbod, [email protected]
Received 19 December 2011; Accepted 20 December 2011
Copyright © 2011 Farnoush Faridbod et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properlycited.
Electrochemical sensors and biosensors have recently foundextensive applications in diverse industries. Nowadays, manyanalytical instruments used in environmental, food, pharma-ceutical, or clinical laboratories and also most of the com-mercial point-of-care devices work using chemical sensorsor biosensors, as a whole or a basic part. Glucose biosensorsused widely in glucometers and pH electrodes are the im-portant and known examples of the electrochemical sensors.Day by day, the numbers of sensors or biosensors comingfrom the bench of research laboratories to the shelf of thecommercial markets are increasing. Due to the high demandof the world market and human interest for having a deviceto check the concentration of species in different samples,simple and fast, in recent years, a hard competition on designand construct of new sensors and biosensors has occurredamong the researchers.
Because of such an importance and to show various ap-plications of this kind of devices, the topic of this specialissue was devoted to electrochemical sensors and biosensors.Electrochemical sensors and biosensors can offer advantagesof low detection limits, a wide linear response range, andgood stability and reproducibility.
An electrochemical sensor is a device that transformselectrochemical information into an analytically useful sig-nal. Electrochemical sensors usually composed of two basiccomponents, a chemical (molecular) recognition systemwhich is the most important part of a sensor and a phys-icochemical transducer which is a device that converts thechemical response into a signal that can be detected by mod-ern electrical instrumentations. These two parts form aworking (or sensing) electrode. A reference electrode andsometimes a counter electrode are also used in electrical
measurements. Biosensors are chemical sensors in which therecognition system utilizes a biochemical mechanism.
Transduction of a biological or chemical signal into anelectrical signal can be done by amperometry, voltammetry,potentiometry, or conductometry.
Next generation of sensor or biosensors will require con-siderable improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, and accu-racy to meet the future needs in diversity of fields. Today,application of different nanoparticles in construction of sen-sors and biosensors as a modifier causes to approach to thispurpose. The nanoparticles have different effects on responseof the sensor or biosensor besides improving their thermal,electrical, and mechanical properties.
The papers selected for this special issue represent differ-ent kind of electrochemical sensing, different sensing mate-rials, and also various nanoparticles used in determinationvarious species. Although the papers are not an exhaustiverepresentation of all area of electrochemical sensing or bio-sensing, the papers can give the readers an idea how to makea sensor or biosensor for different applications using elec-trochemical methods.
This special issue contains 15 papers, where 8 papersreported new design biosensors for different biological mole-cules. In one of them recent advances in electrochemicalaptamer-based biosensors have been discussed.
Most of the papers have used nanoparticles in construc-tion of their sensors or biosensors.
Three of sensors have applied voltammetric method fortransduction of the sensor signal, and three ones have report-ed new designed potentiometric sensors.
One paper has used a chemically modified electrochemi-luminescence sensor for determination of atropine sulfate incapillary electrophoresis system.
2 International Journal of Electrochemistry
At last, we would like to thank the authors for their admi-rable contributions and patience in publishing this specialissue. Also, the fundamental works of all reviewers on thesepapers are sincerely acknowledged.
Farnoush FaridbodVinod Kumar GuptaHassan Ali Zamani
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