Edited leader ship (2)
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Transcript of Edited leader ship (2)
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�������������������� / Leader ship / / Leader ship / / Leader ship / / Leader ship / � � � � � � � �
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December 2016December 2016December 2016December 2016
1
Table of Contents
1. �9:� ............................................................... 2
2. ��;�<&� => �?�@�A� � �B&� CD EF�� .......................................................................... 6
3. �HIJ �� ���� � K;L�MN ����� �;��'� /leadreship Thoughts/ QR��9��SN �KT'�N U9� �?����. .................................. 7
4. TXY ZL[ �ZI\� ���� �A]]� A�ET� ............................................................ 16
5.1. ������ �ZI�UN ........................................ 23
6. �U9_` �A;abU � ���% L�cU Nd� ................................................................... 28
6.1. Leadership function/ ........................................ 31
6.2. ����� f"�cU / Leadership Style/ ............ 33
6.2.1. ���Q��A ���� Qij �KT���A �ZH �Nk- .............................................. 34
6.2.2. �?m_ �Kn� / Consultative /k ............................................................................ 35
6.2.3. Ep �q� ���� / Liaise faire / k ......................................................................... 36
6.2.4. ��#r ���� / Participatory / Shared Leadership /k .................................... 37
7.5.1. �t�ubU �Lv �j Qij��A �w�; �N / Qualities of effective leadership/ ..................................................................................................................................... 46
8.1. ��� ���� � � �……………………………42
2
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�k R��� ����j 'bU �q% ���� �����N?
6.6.6.6. �U9_`�U9_`�U9_`�U9_` �A;abU�A;abU�A;abU�A;abU ���� ���%���%���%���% LLLL�cU�cU�cU�cU Nd�Nd�Nd�Nd�
Tw" ���I�v� �>R��� "�N� ��� TZI\� ����
� �U9� TZI\� ����/ �&� ��_U � �w&� ��_U
EF�#SN ����� �'R��N /��?IN/ �'N ¡"wSN w"
�wSN EF�� �A}A �N? NA �NZ� �R��� �R?
29
�&�� ���� �w&�� ��I�E/ �NZ�E �KQ��
~y<&v �NZ� &I�SN EF�#SN �Ñ ��©�� �"&R�
����"�� �RNk EF�#SN TXY ZL[ �KZ�\�A
���9�� � �R��9�� w" �wSN EF�� �N{{
�J�{�J�{�J�{�J�{----
1. ;�-�9Q� / �9�I - ���� Y�U / Y9A ?m�� �
�'I#M ��j�SN ?}I©SNk
2. $Zz�� � ��A}�� ��Y ?m��SNk
3. Tt�¨ ¡wr��A �«T� �KU� �q�SNk
4. Y9 � ��j�bUA ?m�� � ?;T��SNk
5. ��©SNA ��� ?m�� � ?;T�� �§wSNk
30
6. �;� �t j�#SNk
7. $��A ����k ��9Q\ ��Z� � ���!R A�"
t'�A ���pk
8. ;�A ��9Q\ R��9�� �KL� �E'�� �;A
R�Z�� t &¨ �q� �qAk
9. �A��� R;�N �³I� �K'L RXY� �RN QYj
�Z��j �Eq� �;� '��A �?m�� /punctuality/ R'��
�Ep m�� �K'Lk1997 Michaelj. Bonnell
www.mdcebonnell.com
R?� R� Tw" ���I�v� ��&� ���� � ��R���
���� ���9�� � �R��9�� �R EF�� ��q%�
Qw&�� ���� L·c` �§ �K�T�v ~qA ��&� ����
9A �Ñb` ¡wr��A ��«T�� �K���v� ;Rq�
31
��wRÊ ��H�INà ��q%� �A} =�� �A�� �U
���QRN T9R'� ��_ 'T}�@� �>� ��J ;�;�
/��A�� }�@cU ;�;�/ ����A� LA�Ï � }m��
�Ky;% �SN ;Rq�� �}�@#U> ���� LA�Ï �RN
�;���� R��� �Ep }�µ �RNà
6.1.6.1.6.1.6.1. ////Leadership functionLeadership functionLeadership functionLeadership function////
���� �©� fw?A R?��� A�§E �©� ���C��
Nd#? � �9Q�M ;� �;�� ?;§E �Nà
�Lv �j �9Q�� �\}%A Ap; � �Z�@c �#Z&
�;� �w? ?;H�� �§E �N{{ ����� �9Q��
A&K'�N �;� Qij � �"�� BR�" "UwEà �� ��
b`A �A�RT� ?Z}k N�Ë �;��k ?;�Q��k m��E
?}I9k 9% �� �t��k ?�©�k 9Õ�A �t#�k
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���I�v� ���� �� U9�SN RRNL t &¨ �R�qA
�A� AºA ���A< �K�E¬SN � �KbU :�v�
resistant to change in order to hand over their head of stat
to opposition party since they are capable of groth and
32
development for their country{{ �p}K� ?A¨N�
R;E�A i�� ��I�N ��E �p}K� �Y� �A9;#SN
N;L ?�Zpk R�9�� ?�©�� � �9Q�M ?}I9
�K�QSN T�A} y"� >R� �� ���� �qw ���Á
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(succession plan and its commitment/ since action speaks
louder than words) � ��E�� �;�<&� p} �
�9�� /good governance and its action/ ��v �?�Õ
��RN �N {{ Tw" �HIJ� �� ����� "Y p}
;R�wSN �N{{ Tw" &ZI�N ���Á p} ;R�wSN
T¨ NÕ ��· �R� �?R� RI@� �� ;E�A w"
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R9Õ�k R;<� � R®� �K�©EÊ�{{ !p} �Ak
Aî�k �� � �?A &K'� ��y'A È&� �N{{ !p}
y&�AHE�N 9� R�}I; �9R'�/��A9;�/�¸�¼bU
TQR � ���� T�T'¢� ��R�F U9_UA ��R��
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Y�� ��m�_� ���E©"�� �AH; �����k TY��
�#U A¦ �w� �"q% ����k R�I�N Y��
RL�bU �;Sº" N�Ë �;��� y�� ��: �N{{
33
6.2.6.2.6.2.6.2. �������������������� f"�cUf"�cUf"�cUf"�cU / Leadership / Leadership / Leadership / Leadership
Style/Style/Style/Style/
Tw" &#�N U9� ��A �"�� ����� ;E� �A��
�N ��«R �Kq�N? ����� f"�� ;AE �A} �j
�9QvA R?T�yA A�UE �T#Ì`A y"� n��¨NA /
Subordinates / ��A f"�� �A�} R���� A&KUE
�Ky;A�� �N{{ ����� f"�cU ��R�F >Ë#bU
"THw�{{ ����� f"�� R�A} �� �����
Nd#?�� ��w }�µ �RN{{ R��� {- �jN �E�%A
Aî� A&K�Z���k T�#U n��¨N y"� Y�� ©�
�RNA 9A �� �?��� �KT���A ���� �nI�
�?}I9 ����� f"�¢A ���� "§wE{{
����� f"�cU ��R�F �A�»U T�t[ ?�� :§E�
�XY �!�t ��y'%�A �§ R?�� A®m�RA{{
��� w"� ��� f"�� ���_UA ���� �}��A
��RA{{ �XY� ��Q��A ���� / Authoritarian / �?m_
�K�'� / Consultative /k Ep �q� ���� / liaise fair/ �
��#r ���� / Participatory / �SN{{ ��A<A<SN
�9RÒ ZL[ ����íE{{
34
��Q��A ���� /Authoritarian Leadership/k
��Q��A ����� �î �Hw��¢ �Z�' ��� :qA�
�>A� ��Ñ £#bU "#�E{{ �K�R�N� ��R��
�A�»U �SN{{
6.2.1.6.2.1.6.2.1.6.2.1. ���Q��A���Q��A���Q��A���Q��A ���������������� QijQijQijQij �KT���A�KT���A�KT���A�KT���A �ZH�ZH�ZH�ZH �Nk�Nk�Nk�Nk----
N�Ë �n�LA� �E�AA ��� �Nk
��� p&� �T�E ���ZN A�ª� "HE©Ek
��#U n��á` �A �;�� A<RQSN ��J "y;�Ek
��� �E�AA "y;<Ek ¡wr��A� ��J �§ �}��
��Ek
R?� ·��� TCE?� "Ep p�� w" ��³�Ek
35
6.2.2.6.2.2.6.2.2.6.2.2. �?m_�?m_�?m_�?m_ �Kn��Kn��Kn��Kn� / Consultative // Consultative // Consultative // Consultative /kkkk
TXY �#U ���ZJ�A �KT�E �j �?m_ �Kn� �KE
BHI@ "UwE{{
�E�AA �K��tEk
R�Qw� �I� �K'L k
�n��¨N w" ��� �RNk
n��áU ��t�u $�� A�'Ê �K��I##k
N�ËbU RNL A�&I9QSN �K�Z�� /Present decision
for change/k
36
N�Ë R�;�� $�� �K�'Q;�k
U9_UA �KR" y"� >Ë#bU ����� �KUEk
Tp�� "Ep CE?�A R?����� �K�Z�k
6.2.3.6.2.3.6.2.3.6.2.3. EpEpEpEp �q��q��q��q� ���������������� //// LiaiseLiaiseLiaiseLiaise fairfairfairfair/ / / / kkkk
�XY f"�� �KHI@ �j �KT��� Qij�� "�v#E{-
N�Ë R�;�� �JA �K��Ek
�9E'£UA� q� �\}�UA �� >Ë# R�T#�E 9îRC
�q�k
R���·�� �A� &A# ��RNk
37
���j�bUA �9Q�M�� m��E �?�&�9k
��_U ���SN A�u� �K�N / �q�N ">A f"�� /k
6.2.4.6.2.4.6.2.4.6.2.4. ��#r��#r��#r��#r ���������������� /Participative//Participative//Participative//Participative/ Shared Leadership/Shared Leadership/Shared Leadership/Shared Leadership/kkkk
�KT���A Qij�� ��� �N{-
�=��� �E�} E�NL A�&I9 ��§§Ek
n��áU N�Ë ��;�� A��� ��I##Ek
���&�R�A =�� �T�twEk
n��¨N U9�A R"c A��y�� p&� �T�E
A�'�SN }©t �&�©Ek
38
��; ��; �;;� A�H�� >Ë#bUA R?�§S�
"L�Ek
n��¨N �E�AA A�R?�} �&�©Ek
�®m�~�M ���� T�Ñ ����� f"�cU N;L �A�
�N{{ ">A A¦ �®m�~�M ���� ��#r � �?m_
�Kn� �KQ� ����� f"�cU ��pÚE{{
��[U �E?� ��j� �cU A&K&I�N >� Tw"
���R� ����� f"�cU �Y�� ���� ��t� �K#F
�SN{{ �T�?k �mtR T�?� �yI< &I� A&�XY f"��
Qij��A �K��F �jbUA ��¨RA{{
Tw" ���|J� ��R�F ���� f"�cU ����SN
�A��� &�? ��U :�v�SN� Nd�A R?��� ~QE
A&��N QY�"� A&>Ë#N �#� ����� f"�c`A
�?Z���� ��Z��� ���� �;�� "§wE{{
39
7.7.7.7. �������������������� mY[�mY[�mY[�mY[� /leadership skills//leadership skills//leadership skills//leadership skills/
����� mY[� /leadership skills/ ?R� �ÓQÕ �q�
��_UA ���9�� U[# ?R� �N �jbU{ 'bU
Nd#?� ��Z��NA 9� ��9�� A�U�
����� mY[� �;HE©E{{ �T�?k �m/T � yI<
&I�� q� �?A¨N� }�@� ��jbU !p}
R��9��� ���vA ��#� ��p® �� � ?���
A�U� ����� mY[� �;HE©E{{ A& koontz
et.al /1984/ ��� �"�� ��j�� mY[� A<�
"�Z��{{
=. ��jbU ;E�A /the authority or power of leaders/
R. 'bU ��R�� 9�� >Ë# ��R�� �?� ·� �A�}
B� | �&KU� ��I<�{
ù. 'bU ��� �p?SN A�'v �?����
�. �jN �KT�RN ����� �"� /the style of
leader/ �UN
��jbU �9Q� R�y��� R��9�� ��R�� f"��
mY[� �;HE©E{{ ��j�� mY[� ��R�F >Ë#bU
H�¹ ?�� "§wE{{ ��y'� ��R� ��qbU ~qA
40
�J� �A' $�� /conceptual/k '��M� /human/k
¥mÃ�M /technical/ � ¤R¼�M /political/ mY[�
��RN A& p&� �T�wSN B#F "Uw�{{��R�
9E� R?}I9 �A<A� ����� mY[� ����
A�ET� {{
7.1.7.1.7.1.7.1. �A'�A'�A'�A' =��=��=��=�� mY[�mY[�mY[�mY[� /conceptual skills/ /conceptual skills/ /conceptual skills/ /conceptual skills/
}�@¢}�@¢}�@¢}�@¢ ������������ ;��;��;��;�� f"�� �?��� �I<� mY[�
�N{{
• ��R�F �}�@��� �I<�
• ��R�F �}�@¢ mt[U �;� ��²U
��TE �RN 9A �� ��A��
• �}�@¢ N;L �K&I�NA 9A �� �;;��
�}�@¢ NÒM� N;�M TQ: />Ë#bU/
�$E �RNA 9A �� R�I<�k
• �}�@¢A ¤B~� !p} R��9�� �K&I9
�H�� U[#k
• �;� QE&IQA �;�Q�_� �Z�@c
����� Nd#? ?}I9 y�� �SN
41
7.2.7.2.7.2.7.2. '��M'��M'��M'��M mY[�mY[�mY[�mY[� ////HHHHuman Skills/ uman Skills/ uman Skills/ uman Skills/ "Y"Y"Y"Y &9®&9®&9®&9® �³I��³I��³I��³I�
�K�&��N�K�&��N�K�&��N�K�&��N {{{{----
• T�[U ©� ��_ �;�� �§Ek
• ������ �©� 9A �� ��;I� �§Ek
• �n��¨NA �AQ� tw�� LI� y��
�KI< �Nk
7.3.7.3.7.3.7.3. ¥mÃ�M¥mÃ�M¥mÃ�M¥mÃ�M mY[�mY[�mY[�mY[� /technical skills//technical skills//technical skills//technical skills/
"Y mY[� ��y'� ��� �;m QR�� ��q% �K�z
�N{{
• N�Ë ��;�� �N{{
• ��M }©t ��;�� mY[�
• <'�� 9��? �?}I9 mY[�
• �?;�<&� mY[�
• �?Z}� ���9�� mY[�
• �9A �� mY[�
42
7.4. ¤R¼�M¤R¼�M¤R¼�M¤R¼�M mY[�mY[�mY[�mY[�/Political Skills//Political Skills//Political Skills//Political Skills/k
�¤R¼� A| ���²k �}�@¢A �>�� �;��'� �
�9Q� �9Q�M ?}I9 ~qA /implement political theory,
ideology, political orientation applied practically/ R?R�
~qA �A} �j �XY I�} �K�IN mY[�{-
• T�wN \}A y"� ��� ©� }�}�� ;����
�K�&I9 R��� T��Q: �;�<&� QR;E�Ak i�£U
}�@cU y�� … �t�� "§wEk
• T�[U ©� ��y��� $�� ���HEk E�}
��R�yLk
• ��&�&� �?��A� �mA�� ��;��k
• ;� w" U9� �K��� 9ÕcUA/��QE#bUA
��t#�� ��TwTEk
• ;�A R?�E�� ��[U �A} �ZQ"��Ak m��A
�© �?|9Û� y��…
7.5.7.5.7.5.7.5. ?A¨N�?A¨N�?A¨N�?A¨N� ���������������� mY[�mY[�mY[�mY[� ////Leadership skills/Leadership skills/Leadership skills/Leadership skills/
43
����� mY[� �>�� ��²U �9Q�SN ����"��
�wSN :qA� �A<A} ����� >Ë#bU A&��N
f"�� �Ó?j mY[� B�"| "Uw�{{ �Y�� �jbU
��Ó?j�� �Y�� �E�� �;�<&� ;� �KI< �����
mY[� B�;HE©SN "UwE{{ R��� {- RY�� �;?K
��;�<&� ;E�k >Ë# �t��k �A�� ����k
�i�I�'� 9A �� ��;��k ����� w" �KyÊ Lv
�N}}� QiEA ?<�� ��_ �K'�N n��áU N;L
�T##" �;� �µµE ;��A ?�E�� �KUEk
RY�I�'\ �K�p� ?m_ D_�mcUA /macro projects/
?}I9 �§Ek RA9} }�� Tt�¨ 9�� �RN �qA
� �9Q�M ?}I9k �A�� �A9} }�@cUA ?�I##�
�KUE ��A< �RN � R?;H�� |��¨ ��� �RNk
¤B~�UA � ;��¥¦�UA �9E] �?�©��
R�9Q�M�¢ �KL� �qAk � � � L�#SN �fR�
�Zt ��� ���'TIwSNA �9E �A9} }�@cUA
?�©�� �?��� ��p® ��A ?µµE� ��9��
y��…. �� C �SN{{
�XY ]>t ����j�N ��'�� ;EcU ��� �� �
����� �q% ���� ��E��E{{ ��q%� ?A¨N�
���� Tw" ��Z�Ê�A �®m_bU ���A��
44
E�<UNA �?TE !p»UA �yÊ �qw !p}A ��L©:
>Ë# ��Z��N �9��� ;#A<�} ��9�� �;UwE{{
p}A R��9�� Lv ����� mY[� B�� "�QE{{
��Ó?j� �KT��� ���9�� ��µR N��A R?���
"I<E{{
• Tw" �N�Ë 'Õ ��w�� T#U ;T w� QRN
�QR}�µ ��w�k ���� � �i�I�'� &I� RK�
!p}A R��9�� TK'v mt[U ©� �©� ��£
?N�� ��9�� 9� '�<N �;?�c �A&t{{
• !p}A R��9�� �A�� �|��z�� ;�� A�HL�
?}I9
• !p}A B�;���� �KUE }©t� �· =�� ?�©��
• �!p�A ���Q�� �y�N �9� '�<� ;#A<�}
�nI� ��T�y� �q%A �p�� m��E ?}I9
• �}�@¢ �ÓQÕ >Ë#� �RNA RNL �?����
!p}A ?;��TE
• ���Q:NA i�I�'� RK�p� 'r D_�mcU
!p} ��9��� }��A �?;��� �i�I�'\A ��:
�AÕ A���A ?}I9
45
• �i�I�'\A 9A�� �?�&9 RE?� �����A
�K�Q ��;�� �K'v ¿_�m� ��bU w" ���"
A�qA � �m��E |LL� �L�� �?µµE ;�bUA
A���9� ?}I9 ��Ó?j �m��A ��Z�;
¿_�mcU ����wSN �� A��E| �� �;��
• ���_U Ti�\ ©� 9A �� �t�� �§E
• Y�I�'\A ����� �}�@#SN !}�� w"
A��� ��&I�N �� ���_Uk ��� �$���
� �[UA� �ºK¥ ?&��� /����
• !p} ~y� �K�ÛNA Nd�� �K�;�ÛNA
�Z�# ����� 9�I�E; �;�� � �#F�A
U9_U ��_ �t#� �§E{{
">A �?A¨N� }I@� �jN �KT�RN ����� f"��
E�} �9E Qi�" mY[� �}�@� !p}� �?��
�µµE Tt�¨}�µ �RN {{
����� mY[� Lv Nd� ~�;�z ����� �A} ��E
�N{{
Thus style of leadership is more peopule oriented rather
than other and requires a leadership approach that
46
transforms the feeling, attitudes and bealifes of others. In
other words, it transforms orgnization culture.
7.5.1.7.5.1.7.5.1.7.5.1. �t�ub�t�ub�t�ub�t�ubUUUU �Lv�Lv�Lv�Lv �j�j�j�j Qij��AQij��AQij��AQij��A �w�;�w�;�w�;�w�; �N�N�N�N / Qualities of effective / Qualities of effective / Qualities of effective / Qualities of effective leadership/leadership/leadership/leadership/
� �;��� ��Z� �K�;� / Strategic Thinker / }�@¢
Ry&r¢ ���� A�qA �KL�k
� �J R�[U �;� QE&I£` ��'�� �;��9Q� ���
�qA �KUE / Role model / k
� N�Ë 'Õ / Decision – Maker / H�A� ��'R N�Ë
�K'Lk
T�J Lp� ?�T�� �r� k ��Ñ=%A Lp� ?�T��
A��&�� �K�9�k /creating synergistic effect by
implementing selflessness/ k
� «�©"/ mediators/ 9ÕcU ���� A}H¢ �K�9�k
consensus seeker and creator
� �;���� �©� ��Ë �KHL� /consensus seeker
/builder/ �©� �;��A 9�� �K'Lk
47
� �JA �L®� �KH�C /self evaluator/ RRNL� �9Ý
�q� positive for change
� �\}A ;K�A �KHL� /team spirit creator and
promoter/ R�A} �9Q� 'bUA ��}�� A�'Q'�
�K�&�9 k
� K��M �q� /fair and balanced/ >�A� 'N �³E
�K�"� /positive for impartiality and inclusive/ ZE��
����R� <z�� N�Ë �K'Lk
� $��A �Zw�� �9E] ?;�wRt �KUE / good
communicator/k
�?��A� ����� ��qA �K�� / lead through
influence and example setting/ /�K'L =�� � N�Ë
Ò� �?�&�9k
� �;���� �K'L � �KZ�E /taker and giver of
feedback/ �A: �UcUA "'�E "Z�wEk
� �L®� �K�&�L /emphatic listener/ A& �:\
'R®A ����R�� H�A t�} R�;�� �E��
�}?Õ�qA �K�;HE9 �Nà
Tw" ���I�v� �Lv �j QYj��� mY[� R�A}
��A9;�� ">A �9E }�@cU �jbU ��R9w�
�>� T��Z�QSN �@� � K �SNà
48
������ �K��IN �A}A }�@� �9R'� &I�
;Rq� ����� LA�Ï �KR�N ��X> �A�� }�@cU
;�;� �N ���� <��SN �Nà R}�@#SN
�N&p� ?&9 y� ���v �Nà ��q%� �A} �j
��A �"�� >Ã# � £# �A f"�� mY[�A ��Z�
<R�� R"c ?yp �R��à �yp¢A �ÓQÕ >Ë#
�?dA Tw" �ZI\�A ����� ;E�A ?�§S�
��9�� "���#Eà
49
mtE >R�mtE >R�mtE >R�mtE >R�
8. ¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w U”É” ’¨< ;¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w U”É” ’¨< ;¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w U”É” ’¨< ;¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w U”É” ’¨< ;
¾|n MGÆR dNB K›”É SY]Áu?ƒ SW[ƒ ¨ÃU ¾T°²”
É”Òà “†¨< }wK¨< ¾T>ÑS~ƒ” SW[ © ¾Y’UÓv`
S`J−‹“ c?„‹ uÓMî ¾T>Ádà “ W^}™‹“ Lò−‹
Y^†¨<” c=ÁŸ“¨<’< K=”ìv`s†¨< ¾T>Ñv†¨<” lMõ ¾J’<
¾SM"U Y’UÓv` SÑKÝ−‹” ¾T>ÖlU ÏÓ u×U ÖnT>
¾J’ ¾SY]Áu?ƒ” ¾Y^ vIM ¾T>k`ê ¨d˜ ¾Y^ ›S^`
SX]Á ’¨<::
8.1.8.1.8.1.8.1. ¾Y’ ¾Y’ ¾Y’ ¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w ØpUUÓv` Å”w ØpUUÓv` Å”w ØpUUÓv` Å”w ØpU
uØpK< ¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w Lò−‹“ \‰t®‹ Y^†¨<” SM"U
|nMGÆ` }Lwc¨<“ ŸSØö Y’UÓv` `k¨< ”Ç=ÁŸ“¨<’<“
¨<Ö? T ”Ç=J’< wKAU ¾SY]Áu?~” ^°Ã }M°¢ “ Óx‹
KTd"ƒ Ÿõ}— ѳ ÁÅ`ÒM
8.1.1.8.1.1.8.1.1.8.1.1. kz!H bt=¥¶ kz!H bt=¥¶ kz!H bt=¥¶ kz!H bt=¥¶ ¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w
¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ ØpV‹ ›K<ƒ :¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ ØpV‹ ›K<ƒ :¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ ØpV‹ ›K<ƒ :¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ ØpV‹ ›K<ƒ :----
50
W^}™‹“ Lò−‹ k|n MGÆR xµ*Ã XRG-¾
ÃLçn#ÆcW g#Ä×C s!ÃU_¥cW xÈBqE" WS_ s!gb#
CGéc$N lmF¬T y¸ÃSCL S”ÑÉ KSÖqU“ ¾T>ÁhS<
’Ña‹” ÓMê KTÉ[Ó'
¾ØpU Ó߃ K=ðÖ` ¾T>‹Muƒ” G<’@ “ Óß~ K=¨ÑÉ
¾T>‹Muƒ” G<’@ KTSLŸƒ'
W^}™‹“ Lò−‹ SW[ © ¾J’< ¾SY]u?~” Xs@èC½
S`J−‹ dNïCNÂ ?¯CN b¥KbR |‰cWN b|R›T
XNÄ!m„ l¥DrG½
ŸÁ”Ç”Æ Lò“ W^}— ¾T>Öup }Óv`“ Lò’ƒ” ”Ç=G<U
SM"U Y’UÓv`” KTw^^ƒ“ uÓMê KTekSØ'
W^}™‹“ Lò−‹ y:lT tlT }Óv^†¨<” SM"U
|nMGÆR }Lwc¨< XNÄ!ÃkÂW’< KTÉ[Ó'
\‰t®C ŸSM"U |nMGÆR W+ yçn SØö tGÆR
XNÄYf{Ñ lmk§kLÂ ¾SM"U Y’UÓv` SÕÅM
c=ÁÒØU l!wcÇ y¸gÆcW” y:RMT XRM©ãC
l¥mLkT½
51
Q´u< uS”ÓYƒ W^}™‹“ ¾Y^ Lò−‹ LÃ U’ƒ
”Ç=•[¨< KTÉ[Ó'
9.9.9.9. �;��9Q� ��&E �A;abU� �K�Q�J �;��9Q� ��&E �A;abU� �K�Q�J �;��9Q� ��&E �A;abU� �K�Q�J �;��9Q� ��&E �A;abU� �K�Q�J �mA�cU �mA�cU �mA�cU �mA�cU
=. �;��9Q� ��&E �A;a =. �;��9Q� ��&E �A;a =. �;��9Q� ��&E �A;a =. �;��9Q� ��&E �A;a
- �;� �9Q� �p�� /��E�� ;��9Q� �}R�/
* ;9�9���k �;y<}��k �E�9�Q"��
* �Tt�¨ J; L�¨ �qA
* �;A T�wN �?;�RL� ��w"�� tw��
R. �QQC �mA�cUR. �QQC �mA�cUR. �QQC �mA�cUR. �QQC �mA�cU
1. �º�K�M �mA�cU. �º�K�M �mA�cU. �º�K�M �mA�cU. �º�K�M �mA�cU
• �'I#M tw��A R?�w� �R�§E • �;� �;�� �&YA�� ;�� ?�� • �%_ N}�� ©� ������ �: �R��� • �A9;� �S¨ ���U y"� ��E9[� 'Õ
��q�QSN �;ºU ��bU ���¤E ���
52
2.¤R¼�M �mA�cU¤R¼�M �mA�cU¤R¼�M �mA�cU¤R¼�M �mA�cU
• ��®m�~�M ;��� �R���©�/�R���T� • ��E�� �;�<&� ¬� ����·��� 9E]��
U9� • �Y9 ��w"�� �R�;HA -�;E�A �?TE
3.QYwM� ;�E£�M.QYwM� ;�E£�M.QYwM� ;�E£�M.QYwM� ;�E£�M
� ¡wZ� �;��'£U� E�»U- ~ � �E�w ~µ� "�Ó�E �K�;��'� R;w�A �_Lk �;��9Q� ��&E A&�E�� ���� &�� ����…
� ?Y��M �;;�k ��}� "�z#A �'I� �&I� 9E©[� �;�� A& �E�� QYE ����
4.��?M �m�cU4.��?M �m�cU4.��?M �m�cU4.��?M �m�cU
� R�>�� Nd#? '��áU �?�I#§ ;��� �R���©� (�I@�� q� ��Õ� �� ���Y�� }Ek �&I� }��k R�'v ;�bU ?�I#§k …)
� �n��¨N � � /NZ� mY[�� �;��'�) �KHR�N &I� w" �R�}I;
� � �A ���RT� �9E RK�µC� ��A9;� '���U }�� �R��v
� ��'�� &A�� ��j�bU� 9E� ��� ����� ��Hw�N >Ë# ��Ec �R��Û� :��� ��9Q\ ;� w" �R��E U9�
1.4 �;��9Q� ��&E �K�;T�wSN �<cU�;��9Q� ��&E �K�;T�wSN �<cU�;��9Q� ��&E �K�;T�wSN �<cU�;��9Q� ��&E �K�;T�wSN �<cU
53
=. �º�K�M �<cU=. �º�K�M �<cU=. �º�K�M �<cU=. �º�K�M �<cU
• E?�A �ZÕÒE • ���� �º�K }�� A��# �&�©E • Á��� N}Z� A���A }Y�� �Tt�¨
&I� A�;�� �&�©E
R. ¤R¼�M �<cR. ¤R¼�M �<cR. ¤R¼�M �<cR. ¤R¼�M �<cUUUU
• �Y9 ��w"�� �'bU ��w"�� ��mc Y�£U ��®m�~�M ;��� w" ��Ë# A��Ê �&�©E
• ¤R¼�M �R�I©©�Ak ��;��; �L�LA �'bU '��M ��� L'�A ;RK�;T�E Y�� ��A9;� w" �RNA ��Ë# ����Eà
• �=��� i�� &YA�� w" �&© �;T�wE
ù. ?Y��M �<cUù. ?Y��M �<cUù. ?Y��M �<cUù. ?Y��M �<cU
- ;� �L��k ��¨ �<j��k �� ��� ��<�w" ~R�A �#��k �[� �<� �<<j��k �E!��k ��r�� � �<"�� �;T�wE
9.1.9.1.9.1.9.1. �;��9Q��;��9Q��;��9Q��;��9Q� ��&E��&E��&E��&E �yA�E�yA�E�yA�E�yA�E "#"#"#"#
2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 yA�EyA�EyA�EyA�E �A}�A}�A}�A} �N�N�N�N Aî�;Aî�;Aî�;Aî�; "��?E"��?E"��?E"��?E????
yA�EyA�EyA�EyA�E �A}A�N�A}A�N�A}A�N�A}A�N????
54
• Y�yL�¢� �;ZÕ�¢ �Y9 ��&���NA }���k
?R�� Y9 �TRTRNA ?}I9 y"� �Y9
�#��NA �R?}I9 �Nà
• yA�E �?}I9 y"� QR?}I9 "H�?E
9.1.1.1.9.1.1.1.9.1.1.1.9.1.1.1. yA�EAyA�EAyA�EAyA�EA �K��|��K��|��K��|��K��|� t��_Ut��_Ut��_Ut��_U////mt[Umt[Umt[Umt[U
1. . . . Y©MY©MY©MY©M tÏ���tÏ���tÏ���tÏ���
• �A} }��� yA�E �N R?R� }��¢
A<"H�� �KTRTE Y9 (}A©!) ��� �R��
* ���- 'N �9&E �;� /�®�
�;Z�E
2. 9Ñ�M9Ñ�M9Ñ�M9Ñ�M tÏtÏtÏtÏ ������������////��}�����}�����}�����}��� mtEmtEmtEmtE////
• Y�yL �N �;Z�E ��QRN }��� ��9Q�
�H�� "���#Eà
• }��¢A R�H�� ?'� �§NA A&yA�E
�"����
* ��� - 9}� ��9Q� �H��
- �9}� �T�
?}I9/�R�§E y"� �TrE
�H��/
55
- R�9&E =�� /!p}
?�©��
3. . . . �yA�E�yA�E�yA�E�yA�E mtEmtEmtEmtE ®�wM®�wM®�wM®�wM tÏ���tÏ���tÏ���tÏ���
• }��¢ ��H��N T�p� �w" �q� �mÃ��
�"qA qA��[ y"� �SE�z�� y"�
�9îRC�� y"� �"#'� �?;�'E Tq�
yA�E ��|�E AwRAà
2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 p���p���p���p��� �w?N�w?N�w?N�w?N
====. . . . p��p��p��p��
• yA�E �H��A �Y9 ��I©���� 'N w"
�Ky'} ��� ~qA "Y� ��A��k �;��k
���A ���&� y"� �®� BH�� "UwEà
RRRR. . . . �p���p���p���p�� �������� �w?�w?�w?�w?
• yA�R¨N ����" yA�E T�H�� A�#Z�
/A��#/
• �wN 'N T�ZúN A�?�
• yA�E H±KN Tp�¢ ��_ ��E�� ;��9Q�
QR�� A�qA R?;§E �Nà
56
10. þK+"© S<e“ (þK+"© S<e“ (þK+"© S<e“ (þK+"© S<e“ (Political corruption)
þK+"© S<e“- uþK+" û`+−‹' uT”—¨<U Å[Í ¾þK+"
¨<d’@ uT>cÖ< Ÿõ}— ¾þK+" ›S^` ›"Lƒ“ uS”Óeƒ
vKeMדƒ u¨<d’@ ›c×Ø Là ¾T>ðìU ¾S<e“ ¨”ËM ’¨<::
þK+"© S<e“ w²< Ñ>²? þK+Ÿ© ¨<d’@−‹ KÓM“ Ku<É”
ØpU uT>ÁS‹ S”ÑÉ S¨c”” ¨ÃU ”Ç=¨c’< TÉ[Ó”“
¾›”É TIu[cw” Ç=V¡^c=Á© ›c^` Y`¯ƒ' c?„‹”“
MTÊ‹” ¾S×e T”—¨<”U }Óv` ¾T>SKŸƒ ’¨<::
þK+"© S<e“ u}KÁ¿ SM¢‹ ¾T>ÑKê u=J”U ÑAM}¨<
¾T> ¿ ¾þK+"© S<e“ ¯Ã’„‹ ¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ “†¨<:-
GGGG---- uU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìU uU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìU uU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìU uU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìU (Electoral Corruption)
KKKK---- ¾S”ÓYƒ u=a¡^c=”“ ¾S”ÓYƒ Y^” KþK+" ØpU ¾S”ÓYƒ u=a¡^c=”“ ¾S”ÓYƒ Y^” KþK+" ØpU ¾S”ÓYƒ u=a¡^c=”“ ¾S”ÓYƒ Y^” KþK+" ØpU ¾S”ÓYƒ u=a¡^c=”“ ¾S”ÓYƒ Y^” KþK+" ØpU
TªM TªM TªM TªM (Politicization of bureaucracy))))
NNNN---- uIÓ ›¨×Ø H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìU uIÓ ›¨×Ø H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìU uIÓ ›¨×Ø H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìU uIÓ ›¨×Ø H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìU ( Corruption in the
legislative process) “†¨<::“†¨<::“†¨<::“†¨<::
GGGG---- uU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìU S<e“ uU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìU S<e“ uU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìU S<e“ uU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìU S<e“
57
¾›KU }V¡a−‹ ”ÅT>Ád¿ƒ' uw²< ›Ña‹ ¾þK+"
S]−‹“ û`+−‹ S<e“ ¨<eØ ¾T>Ñu<ƒ eM×” KSÁ´
¨ÃU ueM×” Là KSq¾ƒ "L†¨< õLÑAƒ ¾}’d ’¨<::
10.1.10.1.10.1.10.1. uU`Ý H>Ń ²<]Á ¾T>ðìS< ¾S<e“ ¨”ËKA‹ uU`Ý H>Ń ²<]Á ¾T>ðìS< ¾S<e“ ¨”ËKA‹ uU`Ý H>Ń ²<]Á ¾T>ðìS< ¾S<e“ ¨”ËKA‹ uU`Ý H>Ń ²<]Á ¾T>ðìS< ¾S<e“ ¨”ËKA‹
SÑKÝ−‹SÑKÝ−‹SÑKÝ−‹SÑKÝ−‹
� uU`Ý pekd ¨pƒ ¾pekd“ ¾–aûÒ”Ç Y^ KSc^ƒ
uSÑ“— w²<H” ›ÖnkU Là ›=-õƒH©“ ›ÉKA›© ›c^`
uSðìU I´u< ›T^ß ”ÇÕ\ƒ SÑÅw¿
� uU`Ý ¨pƒ KS^à‹ Ñ”²w ¨ÃU M¿ M¿ SÅKÁ
uSeÖƒ U`݆¨<” Tek¾`¿
� uU`Ý ¨pƒ K}S^à‹ Ñ”²w ¨ÃU M¿ M¿ SÅKÁ
uSeÖƒ ”ÇèÇÅ\ TÉ[Ó' ¨ÃU uIÓ ›¨<ܨ<
¾T>ÖpT†¨< IÓ ¨ÃU ¨<d’@ ”Ç=cØL†¨< KTÉ[Ó
K}S^à‹ ¾U`Ý pekd“ ²S‰ óÓ”e uTÉ[Ó'
K K K K ---- ¾c=y=M c`y=c<” Sªp` KþK+" ØpU õLÑAƒ TTEÁ ¾c=y=M c`y=c<” Sªp` KþK+" ØpU õLÑAƒ TTEÁ ¾c=y=M c`y=c<” Sªp` KþK+" ØpU õLÑAƒ TTEÁ ¾c=y=M c`y=c<” Sªp` KþK+" ØpU õLÑAƒ TTEÁ
TªMTªMTªMTªM
58
ÃI KþK+"¨<“ KþK+"¨< T˜“ ÅÒò KJ’< c−‹ ¾}K¾
ØpU“ U‡ G<’@ KSõÖ` c=vM u ¨<kƒ“ u‹KA LÃ
Sc[ƒ vÅ[Ñ ¨<ÉÉ` ŸTeÁ´ ÃMp Kû`+¨<“ KþK+"¨<
T˜ ŸSJ” ›”í` ¾c=y=M c`y=c<” Sªp` uSS<Lƒ
¾T>ðìU þK+"© ¨Ñ”}˜’ƒ” ¾T>SKŸƒ ’¨<::
uc=y=M c`y=e ¨<eØ ¾T>cØ Lò’ƒ KþK+"¨< T˜
uSJ” Là ¾}SW[} ŸJ’ }k×]−‹ T˜’ †¨<”
KTd¾ƒ“ Å[͆¨<” KTdÅÓ ¾þK+" ØpU uTeÖup Y^
LÃ ÃÖSÇK<:: ¾²=I ÉU` ¨<Ö?ƒU ›e}ÇÅ^© Y^−‹”
uþ`+ ›c^` ›”í` ”Ç=n˜ U¡”Áƒ ÃJ“M::¾S”Óeƒ“
¾û`+ Y^ ÃkLkLM¿ Éу“ ¾ÅV´ ßT] þK+Ÿ ¨Ñ”}—
’ƒ Sc[ƒ ”Ç=ÁÅ`Ó ÁeÑÉÇM¿ÃI ÅÓV uK?KA‹ Là ¾Y^
}’di’ƒ ”Ç=k”e ÁÅ`ÒM::
NNNN---- QÓ uT¨<׃ H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìQÓ uT¨<׃ H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìQÓ uT¨<׃ H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìQÓ uT¨<׃ H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìU S<e“U S<e“U S<e“U S<e“
¾}¨c’< ¨Ñ•‹” ØpU KTeÖup“ KS`ǃ uT>S‹ SMŸ<
IÓ ”Ç=¨× Å”w“ þK=c= ”Ç=k[ê }î • KTÉ[Ó ¨ÃU
uþK=e k[í ¨pƒ ¾¨ŸLD†¨< u<É•‹ ¾ÓM“ ¾u<É”
õLÑA †¨<” uIÓ ”Ç=Á"ƒ~ KS”Óeƒ vKYMדƒ'KþK+"
›S^` ›vLƒ“ KI´w }S^à‹ Ÿõ}— Ñ”²w
59
uSeÖƒ'uTÓvvƒ“ }î°• uTdÅ` ¾T>ðçU ¨”ËM”
¾T>SKŸƒ ÃJ“M::
60
11.11.11.11. Y’UÓv` U”É” ’¨< ;Y’UÓv` U”É” ’¨< ;Y’UÓv` U”É” ’¨< ;Y’UÓv` U”É” ’¨< ;
u›ÖnLÃ Y’UÓv` TKƒ Ø\ “ SØö uÔ “ ¡ñ ›dw'
”ÓÓ`“ É`Ñ>ƒ” ¾T>ÑMê Y`¯ƒ ’¨<:: ¾ƒ¡¡K—“ ƒ¡¡K—
ÁMJ’ vQ`à SKŸ=Á ’¨<:: ›”É ›dw ¨ÃU É`Ñ>ƒ SM"U
¨ÃU SØö' ƒ¡¡M ¨ÃU eI}ƒ' ªÒ ÁK¨< ¨ÃU ªÒ
¾K?K¨<' õƒN© ¨ÃU ›=õƒN© SJ’<” KT[ÒÑØ ¾T>ÖpU
SKŸÁ ’¨<::
Y’UÓv` ƒ¡¡K— ›dw”“ É`Ñ>ƒ ŸeI}ƒ KÄ KT¨<׃
¾T>[Ç“ ¾c¨<” vQ`Ã ¾T>k`ê SS]Á c=J” ¾c¨< MÏ
SØö ¾J’< U™„‹ ”ÇÁg”ñƒ“ ð”pK¨< ”ÇèÖ<
KSq×Ö` ¾T>[Ǩ< ¾Y’Mx“ MÕU ’¨<:: ¾c¨< MÏ ”Å
”ed ”ÇÃJ” ’Ñ` Ó” cw¯© ¡w\” uSÖup ¨<eש
õLÑA~”U }Ñu= uJ’ ¨pƒ“ Yõ^ ”Ç=ÁTEL ¾T>ÁÅ`Ó
¾Qèƒ ¢Uþe ’¨<::
Y’UÓv` u›w³—¨< Ÿ}Óv` Ò` ¾}Ñ“– ’¨<:: ›`e„ƒM
¾}vK ¾Ó]¡ òLeó Y’UÓv` ›dv© dÃJ” c−‹ u}Óv`
¾T>W\ƒ Y^ ”ÅJ’ }“ÓbM:: ”Å `c< à Y’UÓv`
uc¨< vQ`Ã LÃ ¾}SW[} ’¨<:: SM"U Y’UÓv`
61
¾T>vK¨< ¾c¨< MÏ ¾}ðÖ[uƒ” }M°¢¨< uT>Ñv ”Ç=¨×
¾T>ÁÅ`Ó }Óv` ’¨<:: eK²=I ƒ¡¡K— ¾J’ ’Ñ` ¨Å SM"U
Ów ¾T>ÁÅ`e É`Ñ>ƒ ’¨<::
11.1.11.1.11.1.11.1. ¾SM"U Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹¾SM"U Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹¾SM"U Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹¾SM"U Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹
� G<K<”U W^}— u Ÿ<M ¯Ã” T¾ƒ'
� Nk˜’ƒ ' T˜’ƒ ...
� ¾Y^ c¯ƒ T¡u`
� vKÑ<ÇÔ u}Ñu=¨< S”ÑÉ“ uƒIƒ“ Te}“ÑÉ
11.2.11.2.11.2.11.2. ¾SØö Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹¾SØö Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹¾SØö Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹¾SØö Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹
� ¾u=a ldlf‹” (¨[kƒ' `de eúM' ›Ó^õ'óeƒ’`
¨²}...) ¨Å u?ƒ ¨eÊ KÓM ØpU TªM
� uY^ W¯ƒ u=a ¨<eØ Y^” ¾uÅK< u¢Uú¨<}` Ñ@U
Sݨƒ
� c=Ò^ KTÚe Y^” uT>uÉM SÖ” }ÚT] Ñ>²?
S¨<cÉ
� ¾u=a YM¡” }Ñu= vMJ’ S”ÑÉ SÑMÑM
- \p x KÓM Y^ SŨM
- p`w x Ũ<KA [ÏU c¯ƒ T¨<^ƒ ¨²}
� Y^” uT>uÉM SÖ” Ÿ}ðkŨ< uLà Ud c¯ƒ” T^²U
62
� ¾c¯ƒ ò`T” (uc¯ƒ dÃÑ–<) uðKÑ<ƒ Ñ>²? Sð[U
� uY^ c¯ƒ hà u?ƒ SH@É“ [»U ¾Y^ W¯ƒ uTvŸ”
“ ¾ÓM e^” Se^ƒ “ Wò Ñ>²? uS¨<cÉ Y^”
SuÅM
11.3.11.3.11.3.11.3. �;��9Q��;��9Q��;��9Q��;��9Q� ��&E��&E��&E��&E yA�EAyA�EAyA�EAyA�EA ��TwTE��TwTE��TwTE��TwTE ;��¥@�;��¥@�;��¥@�;��¥@�
;E�;E�;E�;E�
====. . . . ;��¥¦bU;��¥¦bU;��¥¦bU;��¥¦bU
1. 1. 1. 1. �C�E�C�E�C�E�C�E �A�9j¼�A�9j¼�A�9j¼�A�9j¼ ~;��~;��~;��~;��////�u�M�u�M�u�M�u�M ��Z����Z����Z����Z��
;�f�;�f�;�f�;�f� �t���t���t���t��
- i9i9i9i9 �NÕN�NÕN�NÕN�NÕN ��E��E��E��E{- �;��9Q��;��9Q��;��9Q��;��9Q� ��&E��&E��&E��&E R�����
�K�;UE L�; �RN Y9 �?N��� �;H±KA
�����
- Y9Y9Y9Y9 �;H±KN�;H±KN�;H±KN�;H±KN{- �y�NA Y9 ��9Q� �������
��jbUA |��z�� �t�� 9E]� ���·��
�RNA �'�� �~�E '��J N;L ���©� �§Eà
- �t�}�t�}�t�}�t�} ������������ �<áU�<áU�<áU�<áU �RE�¨� ��?M �±�� �t��
63
- �����Q�������Q�������Q�������Q�� �I�I�I�I �;��;��;��;� �ºA�UA�ºA�UA�ºA�UA�ºA�UA �9R'� �p�
?�E�� ��;� yA�EA ������� ��TR;
� � ?�&9
- �Ñ=A�Ñ=A�Ñ=A�Ñ=A ������¨��¨��¨��¨ ////�K���K���K���K��////{- �;�A �?©RL� �E��
;��9Q�A �i�� N;L �?'I� I�} �K��SNA
K� ?�E��/ÕNN� }�? ¤;�� �9@�/
- ���������������� Y�QMY�QMY�QMY�QM ?Y���A?Y���A?Y���A?Y���A �?���� �?��T� �I-
�;� �9E N;L �K��SNA ���²
?�&9/?�E��
11.4.11.4.11.4.11.4. ��;���;���;���;� yA�EAyA�EAyA�EAyA�EA R�TwTER�TwTER�TwTER�TwTE R�����R�����R�����R����� �A�A�A�A �&I9�&I9�&I9�&I9
�R���R���R���R�� �RN�RN�RN�RN �;Q��;Q��;Q��;Q�
64
mtEmtEmtEmtE Â;�{Â;�{Â;�{Â;�{---- ;��9Q�k;��9Q�k;��9Q�k;��9Q�k
12.12.12.12. �;��9Q��;��9Q��;��9Q��;��9Q� ��qbU���qbU���qbU���qbU� �N#_U�N#_U�N#_U�N#_U
12.1.12.1.12.1.12.1. ;���Q�;���Q�;���Q�;���Q� �A}�N�A}�N�A}�N�A}�N????
-Lv� �L²k ��� m k �© �RN � �© ��RN t�=M�
�-t�=M �q� A99�� }���k
- ��mmR¨� ����� QY�" �RÁ�k
- ?Y��Mk QYwMk ��M ®�wM �9Q�M ��qbUA
���� ]�; =�� �Nà
10.1.110.1.110.1.110.1.1 ��E����E����E����E�� ;��9Q�;��9Q�;��9Q�;��9Q� ������������
- 12¢A �;��9Q� ��qbU ?m��
• 12¢ �;��9Q� ��qbU
1. . . . ������������wwww ;��;��;��;�� ////pA��pA��pA��pA�� (integrity)(integrity)(integrity)(integrity)
- � �A kL�� �RN ��E9[� �;��A �9Q:�
�QQj��A ��w? ]��A "�E±E
2. #?z��#?z��#?z��#?z�� /Loyalty//Loyalty//Loyalty//Loyalty/
- R�\� E Ri���9;¢ Ri�I�'\ R&A��
��j�bU ��٠�qAA
65
3. 9E���9E���9E���9E��� /Transparency//Transparency//Transparency//Transparency/
- ��:NA �I� R��:N �;��A }�p
�R�qAAk
4. =Zz��=Zz��=Zz��=Zz�� / / / / HHHHonesty/onesty/onesty/onesty/
- N��¨�� T?#RE� T?Õ���� �� �qA
5. ���·�����·�����·�����·�� /Accountability//Accountability//Accountability//Accountability/
-RN�ËbU R&��cU ¡wr�� �N'}
6. K;L�K;L�K;L�K;L� �Q·���Q·���Q·���Q·�� /Confidentiality/secrecy//Confidentiality/secrecy//Confidentiality/secrecy//Confidentiality/secrecy/
- ��A9;� y"� 9wM Qij" �wSNA K;L_U
���p� ��E² �R�;��A
7. �i���i���i���i�� Lp�Lp�Lp�Lp� ?;Z&�?;Z&�?;Z&�?;Z&�/Serving the public interest//Serving the public interest//Serving the public interest//Serving the public interest/
- ��A �i��� ��A9;� Lp� �nI� �?}I9 ?T�yA
/p}K� �;��/
8. �E�AA�E�AA�E�AA�E�AA ��9Q\��9Q\��9Q\��9Q\ ��Z���Z���Z���Z�/exercising legitimate authority//exercising legitimate authority//exercising legitimate authority//exercising legitimate authority/
- �E�A ���&�R� �A9;#M �� �§ ��Z�
9. . . . �R?<w��R?<w��R?<w��R?<w� /impartiality//impartiality//impartiality//impartiality/
- 'bUA �¤R¼� ��R�T� k ��� k ="?�� EF��
�R���A
66
10. i9i9i9i9----?m��?m��?m��?m�� /respecting the law//respecting the law//respecting the law//respecting the law/
- �i9A ��w"�� �Z�E
11. RiRiRiRi�������� L�L�L�L� ��:NA��:NA��:NA��:NA �wC�wC�wC�wC �;���;���;���;��
/ Responsiveness// Responsiveness// Responsiveness// Responsiveness/
- ��: m��� �Y�� R��R©" ��;�� �!��#N
�&'�
12. ���������������� �qA�qA�qA�qA/ to be role model// to be role model// to be role model// to be role model/
- ��E�� ;� �9Q� ����/��� �qA
**** N""�N""�N""�N""�- ��/�#UA N;L ��E��� ��L² �9Q�
���bU "LZJ?
12.2.12.2.12.2.12.2. 8888¢¢¢¢ ����9Q�����9Q�����9Q�����9Q� �N#_U�N#_U�N#_U�N#_U
1.1.1.1. ¤R¼�¤R¼�¤R¼�¤R¼�MMMM �������������������� |��z��|��z��|��z��|��z�� ������������
- �;A T�;� �?�<� �;�A �L�� R��©�
��9Q� |��z�� ?��� T���_U "�� E
2.2.2.2. Nd#?Nd#?Nd#?Nd#? ����Y9Y9Y9Y9 ?!Zt?!Zt?!Zt?!Zt
��Z�� �I-�;� i�U �pI�� �� w" ?�E
3.3.3.3. 9E����9E����9E����9E���� ���·�����·�����·�����·�� ;�f�;�f�;�f�;�f� ���©����©����©����©�
67
9E� ��� ��j� k ��� }�µ ����� ��: �|LL�
;�f�� Nd� �º� �9��
4.4.4.4. ����9Q�����9Q�����9Q�����9Q� &A�&A�&A�&A� ?�©��?�©��?�©��?�©��
- T�/�¢ Qij" ©� ������ 12¢ �;� �9Q�
��qbU �nI� �&I� �;���Q� &A� ��©@c
�X> ����
5.5.5.5. ���������9Q�A�9Q�A�9Q�A�9Q�A ������������ ////������������ ��E��E��E��E ?}I9?}I9?}I9?}I9
-�R'R' ��Y�� ��� ;��9Q� w" ?�ª}
6.6.6.6. R��R��R��R�� �`�`�`�` >Ë#>Ë#>Ë#>Ë# �t���t���t���t��
- n��áUA �!³E f"A ?��
- Rn��¨N ����z �Lp�� mt� ;�f�
����©� �H��
- �n��¨NA ��� �;�� &YA�� ;��A ?�E��
- ��/�¢ N;L U[#A �nI� �&I� pL� !}��
�NN� �H��
- Rn��¨N ��: �³I�/9�� /Recognition/
�;��
7.7.7.7. ����9Q�����9Q�����9Q�����9Q� �T#���T#���T#���T#�� mt[UAmt[UAmt[UAmt[UA ?���?���?���?��� ?��T�?��T�?��T�?��T�
- �E�� ;��9Q� R?;HA �E¶ �n��A
R?;y�}� �I-�;� �9�A �?�E�� fw? w"
���nI¢� ��j�#SN R�/�¢ ¡wr �q%
�;��9Q� �T#�� mt[UA ��A9;#M ��?�
N;L ?���� R��SN �` >Ë# �t��
68
8.8.8.8. �A���A���A���A�� ~~~~����EEEE ?Y�I'�?Y�I'�?Y�I'�?Y�I'� �t���t���t���t��/Civil /Civil /Civil /Civil society/society/society/society/
- �A9;#M� ¤B¼�M �Rq� i�QM ?Y��"� ���
��?� ?���
- �� K��� DÏ; ?;���� ��I�;�� ;��9Q�
Ñj� ?��t
- ¾Y’ UÓv` S`J−‹ u›ß¾Y’ UÓv` S`J−‹ u›ß¾Y’ UÓv` S`J−‹ u›ß¾Y’ UÓv` S`J−‹ u›ß\\\\
- 12 ¾e’UÓv` S`J−‹ ƒ`Ñ<T†¨<“
uÁ”Ç”Æ S`J Y` ŸW^}™‹“ ŸHLò−‹
U” ”ÅT>Öup uUdK? ßU` Tw^]Á
¾T>k`wuƒ
- Gk˜’ƒ (Gk˜’ƒ (Gk˜’ƒ (Gk˜’ƒ (Integrity)
- p”’ƒ p”’ƒ p”’ƒ p”’ƒ ((((Honesty)
- T˜’ƒ (T˜’ƒ (T˜’ƒ (T˜’ƒ (Loyality) ) ) )
- ÓMê’ƒÓMê’ƒÓMê’ƒÓMê’ƒ ((((Transparency)
- T>eÖ=` SÖupT>eÖ=` SÖupT>eÖ=` SÖupT>eÖ=` SÖup (Confidentiality))))
- }ÖÁm’ƒ}ÖÁm’ƒ}ÖÁm’ƒ}ÖÁm’ƒ ((((Accountablity)
- ¾I´w” ØpU TekÅU ¾I´w” ØpU TekÅU ¾I´w” ØpU TekÅU ¾I´w” ØpU TekÅU ((((Serving the public
interst)
69
- YM×”” u›Óvu< SÖkU (YM×”” u›Óvu< SÖkU (YM×”” u›Óvu< SÖkU (YM×”” u›Óvu< SÖkU (Exercising
legitimate)
- ›KTÇLƒ (›KTÇLƒ (›KTÇLƒ (›KTÇLƒ (Impartiality)
- QÓ T¡u` (QÓ T¡u` (QÓ T¡u` (QÓ T¡u` (Respecting the law)
- KI´w ØÁo }Ñu=¨<” ULi SeÖƒ KI´w ØÁo }Ñu=¨<” ULi SeÖƒ KI´w ØÁo }Ñu=¨<” ULi SeÖƒ KI´w ØÁo }Ñu=¨<” ULi SeÖƒ
((((Responsiveness)
- ›`›Á SJ” (›`›Á SJ” (›`›Á SJ” (›`›Á SJ” (Exercising leadership)
70
TÖnKÁTÖnKÁTÖnKÁTÖnKÁ
¾S<e“ ƒ`Ñ<U ¾ ”ÓK=´—¨<” "Corruption" ¾T>K¨<” nM
”Ç=ÑMê ¾U”ÖkUuƒ ŸÓ°´ ¾}¨[c nM ’¨<:: S<e“
(Corruption) ¾T>K¨< nM ”Ç=ÑMì¨< ¾T>ðKѨ< É`Ñ>ƒ ¨ÃU
}Óv` ¨<ewew “ Éwp ”Ç=G<U u`Ÿƒ ÁK<“ }³TÏ’ƒ
ÁL†¨< ’Ña‹ uSJ“†¨< ¾}KÁ¿ c−‹ u}KÁ¾ SM¡
Ã}[Ñ<S< M:: J•U uSeŸ< Ø“ƒ“ U`U` ¾T>Á"H>Æ
UG<^•‹'›KU ›kó© '›IÑ<^©“ HÑ` ukM É`Ï„‹
¾}KÁ¿ SÑKÝ−‹” SW[ƒ uTÉ[Ó S<e“ KT>K¨< nM
ƒ`Ñ<U u=cÖ<U ƒ`Ñ<V‡ c=Ö?’< u¨<e׆¨< G<K<”U
K=ÁÓvu< ¾T>‹K< SW[ © ’Øx‹” SÁ³†¨< Ãe}ªLM::
uØpK< K›w’ƒ ÁIM ¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ” S<e“ KT>K¨< nM
¾}cÖ<ƒ” ƒ`Ñ<V‹ ”n˜:-
ÑSÂÑSÂÑSÂÑSÂ xd‰N xlm-bQ½ XMnT ¥g#dL wYM xlm¬mN½
bg#ï½ bML©Â bxDlÖ ¦QN½ Wún@N wYM FTHN ¥²ÆT ’¨<
(Oxford English Dictionary) ::
S<e“S<e“S<e“S<e“ uÓM ¨ÃU uu<É”' uþK+" S]−‹ ¨ÃU uu=a¡^„‹
eM×”“ HLò’ƒ” SŸ uTÉ[Ó' ¾I´w” ØpU“ õLÑAƒ KÓM
ØpU ¾TªM ›=-Y’-UÓv^© É`Ñ>ƒ c=J”' uS”Óeƒ“ uI´w
Hwƒ“ ”w[ƒ Là e`qƒ SðìU' ´`òÁ T"H@É'
Tßu`u`'IÓ“ Y`¯ƒ” }ŸƒKA ŸSY^ƒ
u´UÉ“'uƒ¨<¨<p' uþK+" ¨Ñ’}˜’ƒ' uÑAc˜’ƒ' uHÃT•ƒ
71
ƒee` Là }S`Ÿ<µ uSY^ƒ ›ÉKA SðìU' õƒI” TÕÅM“
eM×”“ Lò’ƒ” uIÑ¨Ø S”ÑÉ ¾ØpU TÓ— ¾TÉ[Ó Ÿ<Ã
}Óv` ’¨< (Ÿ?Uüa“MÉ“ c`x`«M 2000) ::
S<e“S<e“S<e“S<e“ ¾þK+"“ ¾S”ÓYƒ ›e}ÇÅ^© HLò’ƒ” "KS¨×ƒ
¾T>S’ß' TIu^©“ ›e}ÇÅ^© e`¯„‹” ¾S×e ¾Y’-UÓv`
ÓÉðƒ c=J” ÃIU KÓM ØpU c=vM uI´w ¾}cÖ eM×”“
HLò’ƒ” ›LÓvw uSÖkU IÓ“ Å”w ¾S×e Ÿ<à }Óv^ƒ”
uS<K< ÁÖnMLM (‰`Ke d” æRD 1998)::
S<e“S<e“S<e“S<e“ bmNGST bHZB yts-N SLÈN ¦§ðnT KÓM ØpU
¨ÃU K?L” KSØkU c=vM ›LÓvw SÑMÑM ’¨< (Kimberly,1997 ,
klitgaard,1990, Vishny 1993 & Stapen Horst, Ric,1999) ¾›=ƒ¿åÁ
s”s−‹ Ø“ƒ U`U` ¾›T`— S´Ñu nLƒ (1993) ½ ¯KU ›kõ
¾›=¢•T> MTƒ ƒww` É`σ (OECD) ½ Transparency International)::
u›ß\ S<e“ HG YR›TN tkTlÖ kmS‰T YLQ SLÈNÂ
¦§ðnTN SŸ uTÉ[Ó HG Y`›TN umÈS ymNGSTÂ
yHZB ¦BT NBrTN mSrQ½ mZrF½ ¥+bRbR ”Ç=G<U
uÑ<x ½bZMD½ bTWWQ½ b¯s"nT½ b±ltEµ wgNt"nTÂ
b¦Y¥ñT TSSR §Y bmmR÷Z xD§*êE bçn xs‰R õƒI”
Á³u< ¾ÓM _QM” T"uƒ“ K?L” ¨Ñ” }Ñu= vMJ’ S”ÑÉ SØkU ”ÅJ’ Ÿ}cÖ<ƒ ƒ`ÕT@−‹ SÅUÅU ÉLM
���� �©� fw?A R?��� A�§E �©� ���C��
Nd#?� �9Q�M ;� �;�� ?;§E �Nà �Lv �j
72
�9Q�� �\}%A Ap; � �Z�@c �#Z& �;� �w?
?;H�� �§E �N{{ ����� �9Q�� !A&K'�N �;�
Qùj� �"�� BR�" "UwEà �� �� b`A �A�RT�
?Z}k N�Ë �;��k ?;�Q��k m��E ?}I9k 9% ��
�t��k ?�©�k 9Õ�A �t#�k ��M }©t �;��k
y��…�SNà Tw" �U9� �Em ���I�v� ���� ��
U9�SN � ��Á �jbU p} � �9�� (succession
plan and commit/ since action speaks louder than words)
� ��E�� �;�<&� p} /good governance and its
action/ �R��� �N{{ !p} �Ak Aî�k ��� �?A
&K'� ��y'A È&� �N{{ !p} y&�AHE�N 9�
R�}I; �9R'�/��A9;�/�¸�¼bU T�T'¢� ��R�F
U9_UA ��R�� ��ÏNA ���A�Ak �y&r¢A �p�Ò
��A�E��� ����� ��j� �N{{ ��q%� R9��M
Lp�A R?;T�� ��[ �wR?M #jmA ?�w«� ;RK��
����NA Y�� ��m�_� ����k RL��U �;Sº"
N�Ë �;��� y�� ��: �N{{
73
�: �]$t��: �]$t��: �]$t��: �]$t�//// ReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
Bertrand de Speville, (1997) Anti-corruption consultant,
Reversing the Onus of Proof: Is it compatible with respect
for human rights norms, submitted to the 9th anti-corruption
convention,
Japan Times Keidanren-Nikkeiren tieup scheduled for May
2002 start December 21 2000 Retrieved on July 22, 2012
Nippon Keidanren website About Nippon Keidanren
Retrieved on January 16th 2011.
Steven Lowenstein, Materials (1967) the study of the Penal
Law of Ethiopia:
Time (1996) “Time life books” printed in USA New York
City.
74
United States Agency of International Development
USAIDfrom the American people 2004 training module Addis
Ababa.
United Nations (2016) United Nations popletion estimation
http://www.DOW JONES & COMPANY.INC)
______________(2016) latest United Nation popletion
estimation www.Worldometers.info
¾›=ôÇ=] u›pU Ó”vX T>’>e‚` (1994) ¾c=y=M c`y=e ThhÁ
ýaÓ^U ¾Y’ UÓv` ThhÁ”®<e ýaÓ^U Ø^´ 1 “2
/¡õM1'
Fa; a"� /� D_�m� (1998) �yI< �p� 9AQ#
?nE�¨ ]>t mtE 3
For more information you can find
https://www.facebook.com/berhanu.tadesse.90
www.facebook.hashtag # G .S institute apprise and quality audit
http://www.bertat.bright.light.com