EDF International Nuclear Developments - enginyers.cat · EDF International Nuclear Developments...
Transcript of EDF International Nuclear Developments - enginyers.cat · EDF International Nuclear Developments...
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Nuclear civil world in figuresNuclear civil world in figures
� 443 nuclear reactors in operation
� 31 countries with at least 1 nuclear reactor
� 16% of the world’s electricity
� International Atomic Energy Agency : 146 member states
� Lifetime of a reactor : 50 years
� 34 nuclear reactors in construction
� About 40 countries with projects announced
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2318 17 16
11 10 107 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3
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Nuclear capacity per country (Gwe) (origin CEA)
Total in the World: 368 GWe99
63
48
22 20 1713 13 10 9 8 7 6 5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
USAFr
anceJapa
nRussia
German
ySo
uth Korea
Ukraine
Can
ada
UK
SwedenChinaSp
ain
BelgiumTaiwan
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Nuclear share % in electricity generation (IAEA 2007)
77
64
54
54
48
46
44
42
40
37
35
32
30
29
28
26
19
1917
16
1515
13
6
6
5
4
3
322
0 20 40 60 80 100
FranceLithuaniaSlovakiaBelgiumUkraineSwedenArmeniaSlovenia
SwitzerlandHungaryS. KoreaBulgaria
Czech RepFinlandJapan
Germany
USATaiwan
SpainRussia
UKCanada
RomaniaArgentina
South AfricaMexico
Netherlands
BrasilIndia
Pakistan
China
6
63
1,6
Poland*
Lithuania*
Roumania*
Bulgaria*
Czech Rep..*Slovakia*
Hungary*
1,3
Finland2,7 1,6
3,7
1,9
2,8
1,9
1,4
Turkey
Ukraine14
Russia
Belgium.
Eastern
Europe *13,8
22
Sweden
1,96
South Africa
USA100
35
Canada
12,6
1,38
Mexico
26?
Brazil
12
12
3
6,7 3,220
India
8,9
70
China
8Vietnam
47
3,6 18
6
Indonésia
South Korea17
5,4
Taïwan5
2,7
10,2
UK9
Germ..21
6
8Spain
France
10
3
22
Argentina
12,1
0,3
Pakistan
0,4
Netherland0,5
Slovenia
0,7
Switz.3,2
44
17
1,2
0,6
Thaïland
4
5
62
21,5
3
3
Algéria
Libya
Egypt
TunisiaUAE
24
102
1
Iran3
New Nuclear Build Worldwide : GWs under construction & announced for 2025 (Feb. 2009)
Japan
Existing 2008 Announced
Nuclear capacities (GW)
377 404
Being built
36
10
Italie
Morocco2
1
20
Further NNB announcements (GW): Armenia (1), Bangladesh (1), Belarus (2),Croatia/Albania (2), Estonia (1), Jordan (2,8), Kazakhstan (3), Philippines (0,6)
1
3,4
2,4
5,2
Niger
5
5
1,4
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58 PWR reactors in operation, on 19 sites, 63 GW
Single technology: PWR (Pressurised Water
Reactor) with 3 standardized series :
- 900 MW: 34 units, 31 GW
- 1300 MW: 20 units, 26 GW
- 1500 MW (N4): 4 units, 6 GW
An experience of achitect engineer and operator
unique in the world
- 44 GW commissioned between 1980 and 1990
- average operation time: 22 years
- Experience feedback: ~ 1300 reactor years
One new plant in construction:
EPR at FLA3, to be commissioned in 2012
Decommissioning program: 9 reactors (6GGR,
HWGCR Brennilis, Creys Malville, Chooz A)
EDF Nuclear facilities in France
Nuclear production
→→→→ 418 TWh in 2008, availability 80%
≈ 77% of electricity generation in FranceFirst priority: The Safety of operating plants
Rythme de construction du parc nucléaire actuel d’EDF
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
MW
900 MW
1300 MW
1400 MW
Rythme de construction du parc nucléaire actuel d’EDF
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
MW
900 MW
1300 MW
1400 MW
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French Nuclear Program
PWR 900 MW
PWR 1,300 MW
FBR 1,200 MW
PWR 1,500 MW (N4)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12
7
8
2 2 2
4
6 6
4 4
2 2
3
1966 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000
Gaz cooled reactor (All being decommissioned)
Average age : 22 years
44 GW built in 10 years4-5 units / year on average
PWR 1,650 MW (EPR)
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Major EDF characteristic :
standardization benefits and anticipation
Benefits of standardization
• Quality and efficiency of construction and engineering studies, construction cost and schedule,
• Safety and experience feedback in operation, lessonslearned and anticipation,
•••• economics and optimization of resources for engineering, operation and maintenance
1300 reactor years of operation
12* Source NEA/IAEA 2008** Prognosticated and speculative resources
Uranium resources : diversity and security of supply
Identified resources
- Accounting for nearly a century of current
global consumption (60 000 t/yr)
- sufficient quantity to supply existing NPPs
and new built between now and 2030 in LWR
(U235 consumption => 0,7% natural
Uranium)
- widely distributed over the planet
- Higher price ==> exploration efforts
==> speculated resources 15 Mt
Long term sustainability
- GEN4 fast reactors ==> 50 times
more energy yield from natural
uranium
Potential Gen4
x 50
* Source NEA/IAEA 2008
** Prognosticated and speculative resources
Identified uranium resources: 5.5 Mt *
14% North America
5% Brazil
18% Africa
14% Russia Ukraine
17% Centra Asia
23% Australia
9% Others
Undiscovered resources**
250 years
Identified resources
100 years
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•••• Management of Radioactive waste: 4 industrial principles- limiting production at the origin limiter,
- sorting out according to activity level and lifetime,
- conditionning under a stable package,
- isolating from man and environment
•••• Radioactive waste are produced in a limited quantity : 1 MWh gives raise to 11 g of radioactive waste of which 90 % short lived
•••• Low and intermediate short lived waste are disposed of and confined in a safe and
definitive way (volume 90%; activity < 1%) Sorted, Conditioned, Disposed of in two surface repositories operated by Andra (Aube centers)
•••• High level waste, long lived, are stored in a safe way, within vitrified canisters and
passive storage facility (1 ha for 40 years of french nuclear fleet production – La Hague), waiting for implementation in a geological disposal center under study by Andra (Bure)
The management of radioactive material and waste
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- EDF as architect engineer (which bears project risk)
- Including effects of price index in the contracts and technical
and regulatory evolutions or contingencies
Total production cost for FLA 3: 54 Euros / MWh
for a 2nd EPR in France : 55 to 60 Euros / MWh
Estimated production cost
EPR in France
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A long-term competitiveness in France
CO2at € 20/t
CO2at € 40/t
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
40 44 48 53 58 63 68 74 80 85 90 96 102
$/bl
Natural Gas price in oil price equivalent
Commissioning in 2015 – Baseload operations
EPR France € 55/MWh – € 60/MWh
€08/MWh
Comparison with the production costs of a combined gas cycle in France
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CO2at € 20/t
CO2at € 40/t
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120
$/t
€08/MWh
Coal price
EPR France € 55/MWh – € 60/MWh
Commissioning in 2015 – Baseload operations
A long-term competitiveness in France
Comparison with the production costs of a coal plant
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Nuclear Generation Costvery safe and predictable structure
76%
7%
17%
41%
17%
42%
15%
26%
59%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Gas Coal Nuclear
Fuel O&M Capital
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Global EDF strategy in the productionGlobal EDF strategy in the production
� Necessity to prepare the future
� Very long term investments and assets
� Renew the fleet
� To have a diversified energy mix, we’re investing in
� Nuclear for the base demand
� Wind farms and Photovoltaique to balance the mix with renewable energies
� Gas or coal plants for the peaks
� To take advantage of the worldwide nuclear revival with our unique nuclear operator experience
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EDF’s strengths in the nuclear revivalEDF’s strengths in the nuclear revival
� EDF, the global leader in nuclear power generation
� 20% of the worldwide capacity, 440 TWh* generated
� The lowest CO2 emissions of Europe
� Average CO2 emissions of EDF in France = 49 g/kWh (Europe = 400 g/kWh)
� Unique experience across the entire life cycle
� Experienced and safe operator
� Uninterrupted construction activity both in France and internationally, based on the architect-engineer model
� Involvement in the reliable and controlled technological advances of the EPR
� Experienced staff
� Decommissioning of first units under way
� …
* 2008 figures, consolidated with EnBW and British Energy
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EDF, the global leader in nuclear power generationEDF, the global leader in nuclear power generation
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British Energy: 9.5 GW of total installed capacitySource: companies’ internet websites - EDF’s Document de Référence
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CO2 Emission g/kwh in EU countries
49
59
82
224
274
297
325
356
381
414
466
473
499
524
592
777
EDF SA
Sweden
France
Austria
Belgium
Finland
Luxembourg
Denmark
Spain
Portugal
Netherlands
UK
Germany
Italy
Ireland
Greece
Europe: 400 gCO2/kwh
The lowest CO2 emission in EuropeThe lowest CO2 emission in Europe
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Uninterrupted involment in nuclear constructionUninterrupted involment in nuclear construction
58 units built (EDF architect-engineer) & operated in France +Owner’s assistance for new nuclear build and completion/modernisation projects in the world
CPO, CP1, CP2, P4, P’4, N4 = French reactor series
71 6 PWR 9006 PWR 900 79
10 PWR 90010 PWR 90076 88
8 PWR 13008 PWR 130077 86
12 PWR 130012 PWR 130079 93
4 PWR 14504 PWR 145084 98
18 PWR 90018 PWR 90074 85
02Ling Ling AoAo 1&21&2
South Africa
97
11
KoebergKoeberg 1&21&2 85
Daya Daya BayBay 1&21&2 94
Ling Ling AoAo 3&43&405
China
China
China
78
87-88
MochovceMochovce 1&21&2 00 Slovakia
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
CP0
CP1
CP2
P4
P'4
N4
91
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EPR, the most advanced of the 3rd generation reactorsEPR, the most advanced of the 3rd generation reactors
� Mature design
� Safety enhancement
� 4 units under construction (Olkiluoto 3, Flamanville 3, Taishan 1&2)
� Better environmental performances (30% reduction in fuel burnt,)
� …
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EDF already involved in the World Nuclear RenaissanceEDF already involved in the World Nuclear Renaissance
China2 EPR in construction with CGNPC ; TNPC
JV 30% EDF
USAUnistar NuclearEnergy, JV 50%
with Constellation2 EPR in project
UKBritish Energyacquisition ; 4 EPR in project
ItalyItalian government
decision -> law of 23 July 2009
JV EDF-ENEL 31 July 2009 in charge of
developping ItalianEPR program
South Africa
FranceFlamanville EPR in construction
Penly EPR Project
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UKEPR 4UKEPR 4
UKEPR 3UKEPR 3
EdF Group’s objective : develop, invest & operate a fleet of EPRs in the WorldEdF Group’s objective : develop, invest & operate a fleet of EPRs in the World
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
EDF Track RecordThe Group’s ambition
Develop, invest and operate 10 EPR projects by 2020
TsnTsn 22
C EPR C EPR
TsnTsn 11
2009 2013/2014
US EPR 2US EPR 2
US EPRUS EPRCC3CC3
2011/122015/2016
2017/2022
2012/13/16/17 UKEPR 2UKEPR 2
UKUK
EPR 1EPR 1
RSA EPR 2RSA EPR 2
RSARSA
EPR 1EPR 1
Postponedtender
EPR EPR
Penly 3Penly 3
CPO, CP1, CP2, P4, P’4, N4 = French reactor series
71 6 PWR 9006 PWR 900 79
10 PWR 90010 PWR 90076 88
8 PWR 13008 PWR 130077 86
12 PWR 130012 PWR 130079 93
4 PWR 14504 PWR 145084 98
18 PWR 90018 PWR 90074 85
EPR EPR Fla 3Fla 3
2007
2012
02Ling Ling AoAo 1&21&2
South Africa
97
11
KoebergKoeberg 1&21&2 85
Daya Daya BayBay 1&21&2 94
Ling Ling AoAo 3&43&405
China
China
China
78
87-88
MochovceMochovce 1&21&2 00 Slovakia
CP0
CP1
CP2
P4
P'4
N4
91
2017
ITEPR 4ITEPR 4
ITEPR 3ITEPR 3
2020/26
2015/17/19/21 ITEPR 2ITEPR 2
ITITEPR 1EPR 1
2017/2022
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EDF’s criteria to commit itself on New Nuclear Build abroadEDF’s criteria to commit itself on New Nuclear Build abroad
1. Countries choosing to develop nuclear programs
2. Countries where EDF is welcome
3. Countries with favorable conditions for investors in nuclear energy
� Comprehensive legal framework
� Effective regulatory system and procedures
� Long term policy & financing for management of nuclear materials and waste
� Financing of decommissioning/dismantling
� Public opinion
� Societal & environmental framework
4. Projects based on proven reactor designs
5. Local partners with good track record in building and operating electricity generation
6. Financial criteria meeting the Group’s financial targets and risk policy
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Licensing
Main steps for EPR projects in the UKMain steps for EPR projects in the UK
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Policy FrameworkUK Government’s decision on nuclear energy revival
Licensing Process Definition
Illustrative schedule for the first EPR
National Policy Statement
Planning
Decommissioning & Waste Management
Construction
Energy White Paper
Energy Review
Generic Design Assessment
Site Licensing
JustificationStrategic Siting Assessment (SSA) up to Site Nomination
SSA consultations and National Policy Statement
Planning bill approved by Parliament
Prepare and submit planning application
Planning approval granted
Energy bill approved by Parliament
Guidance
Prepare and submit plans
Approvals granted
Preparatory works
Construction
Electricity generated from new nuclear
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Main EPR sites Main EPR sites
Wylfa
Sizewell
Bradwell
Hinkley Point
Red: owner = EDF
Black: owner = E.On-RWE
Wylfa
Sizewell
Bradwell
Hinkley Point
Red: owner = EDF
Black: owner = E.On-RWE
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Acquisition of British Energy, key nuclear actor in the UK Acquisition of British Energy, key nuclear actor in the UK
� Leading electricity generator in the UK
� Leading nuclear operator in the UK : 8 NPPs, 9.5 GW, including 7 AGRs and 1 PWR
� A coal-fired power plant at Eggborough, with installed capacity of 2 GW
CapacityMW(3)
Decommissioning dateauthorised to date
Prototype AGR
Dungeness B 1 090 2018
Hinkley Point B 1 220 2016AGR 1
Hunterston B 1 215
Hartlepool 1 190 2014AGR 2
Heysham 1 1 160 2014
Heysham 2 1 230 2023AGR 3Torness 1 250 2023
REP Sizewell B 1 196 2035
Coal Eggborough 1 960 without Desulf. 2015with Desulf. 2021
Total 11 511
Torness
Hartlepool
Dungeness B
Hunterston B
Sizewell B
EggboroughHeysham 1 & 2
Hinkley Point B
CoalPWR(2) NuclearAGR
British Energygeneration sites
2016
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CGNPC* : a major Chinese nuclearplayer and longstanding partner for EDFCGNPC* : a major Chinese nuclearplayer and longstanding partner for EDF
� CGNPC, one of the two nuclear leadersin China, with 4 GW installed, and 21 GW under construction
� CGNPC operates and builds reactorswith technology known to EDF and with high safety and availability performances
� EDF has been cooperating with CGNPC for more than 20 years:
� Support in construction & operation of Daya Bay 1&2 and Ling Ao 1&2and 3&4 (1,000 MW reactors) using Areva technology
� CGNPC‘s participation in the safety challenge of EDF Group’s nuclear fleet
Coal77.7%
Renewables0.7%Hydropower
20.3%
Nuclear1.3%
Chinese energy mix
As a percentage of installed capacities
* China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group
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Partnership with CGNPC in TaishanPartnership with CGNPC in Taishan
� Key targets
� Being a co-investor/operator in an initial project for 2 EPRs (Taishan) while providing technical support to the project
� Developing a more global partnership in terms of engineering or as an investor in other Chinese or international projects
� Industrial outline of the Taishan project:
� EDF’s role: project management, construction, commissioning, operation
� Use of the Flamanville 3 reference model taking into account initial feedbacks (Flamanville 3 project started 18 months earlier)
� Taishan Nuclear Power Company Joint Venture (TNPC JVC)
� Final agreement signed on 10 August, 2008
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TNPC JVC
EDF support contract
AREVABoiler nuclear island
ALSTOM GTA convent. island
CNPEC/DC convent. island / BOP*
CGNPC 70% EDF 30%
Building and operating engineering
EDF’s roles within the JV
Providing the joint venture and the CNPEC and CNPDC engineering companies with all the support required to control the project
� Experienced engineers, benefiting from Flamanville 3 feedback
� Documentation resulting from the building of Flamanville 3
Engineering and supplycontracts
Contracting authority: Building and operating 2 EPR units during 50 years
* BOP: Balance of Plant
Taishan Nuclear Power Company Joint Venture Taishan Nuclear Power Company Joint Venture
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Key milestones in the Taishan 1&2 projectKey milestones in the Taishan 1&2 project
2016201520142013201220112010200920082007
Boiler order
Start of preparatorysite work
First concrete
Start-UpTaishan 1
Start-UpTaishan 2
Taishan 1 Taishan 2
Taishan 1
Taishan 2
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Constellation Energy Group (CEG) EDF
JV UNE 50/50
� Its nuclear sites
�Knowledge of the electricity sector and the US industrial world
�EPR knowledge (Flamanville 3 and Taishan 1 & 2)
�Expertise in construction of NPPs : management of major projects, negotiation of supply contracts
� 20 people currently seconded by EDF
� Technical services contract between EDF & Unistar Nuclear Energy
A solid industrial partnership : Unistar Nuclear EnergyA solid industrial partnership : Unistar Nuclear Energy
Moreover
� EDF owner of approximately 9.5 % of Constellation Energy Group shares
� Acquisition by EDF of 49,99% of CEG's nuclear assets (Calvert Cliffs 1&2, Nine Mile Point 1&2, Ginna) under review by local authorities : closing expected by end 2009
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1st EPR in the USA : the Calvert Cliffs 3 project 1st EPR in the USA : the Calvert Cliffs 3 project
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
EPR Design Certification (DC)
COL
Project underwaySupplies and Engineering
Construction
Preparation DC approval
Filing of DC application
Review byNRC
Preparation COL issued *
Filing of COLA application
Reviewby NRC
Environmentalreport submitted
Detailed specifications
• Long-term equipment supply and fabrication contract
• Financing
Site preparationConstruction
1st concrete
* UNE is in discussions with the NRC to examine the optimisation of deadlines
Commercial Operation
Date
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Nuclear energy in Italy : EDF-Enel JVNuclear energy in Italy : EDF-Enel JV
� Reminder: Italy was a forerunner in civil nuclear energy in Europe
� Affirmed intention of the Italian government to revive nuclear energy
� Law voted on 23 July 2009
� Improving public opinion, taking account of the Italian energy & climate equation
� Favourable economic environment for the development of nuclear energy
� MoU EDF-Enel on 24 February 2009
� Jointly develop, build and operate a fleet of 4 EPRs in Italy
� Reference plant : Flamanville 3 EPR
� Startup of first unit expected in 2020
� EDF leader of architect-engineering activities for the first unit
� Joint-venture EDF-Enel established on 31 July 2009, in charge of developing the Italian EPR program
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Key factors for successKey factors for success
� Adapting to the country and its industrial environment� Drawing on the expertise of local electricity players involved in the construction
and operation of nuclear fleet (British Energy, CGNPC, Constellation, Enel…)
� Adapting the organisational model, in particular through industrial agreements with local engineering companies: CGNPC-CNPEC in China, Bechtel in the USA, AMEC in the UK…
� Using wherever possible the Flamanville 3 / FOAK project as reference model
� Gaining from our strong French base (standardisation effect) and relying on the Group’s existing skills and expertise
� Pooling the resources needed for the different projects
� Accruing know-how and resources
� Drawing out standard construction and operating rules
� …
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Cooperation framework : MoU Eletrobras - EDF -Eletronuclear of 23 December 2008 Cooperation framework : MoU Eletrobras - EDF -Eletronuclear of 23 December 2008
� Cooperation on the Nuclear power sector
�Sharing of nuclear experience, which may open the door to future common nuclear project development
�Focus on the 3 main components for the success of a nuclearprogram : administrative & contractual framework, technicalexcellence, financial & economic aspects
� Domains
�Fuel & waste�Management organisation for New Nuclear Build�Operation�Training & Human resources management�Decommissioning�Site selection / public acceptance for new plants�Business organisation for new NPP projects�…