Edexcel Geography GCSE - PMT
Transcript of Edexcel Geography GCSE - PMT
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Edexcel Geography GCSEForests Under Threat
Flashcards
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This work by PMT Education is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
Abiotic components
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Abiotic components
Non-living environmental factors that have influence over the ecosystem (e.g. climate, light exposure, soil type).
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Acid rain
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Acid rain
Rain with a pH of around 4, formed when chemicals from industrial processes react with water in clouds to form acids.
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Adaptation
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Adaptation
An evolved trait of an animal or plant that helps them to cope with environmental stresses.
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Biodiversity
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Biodiversity
A large variety of animal and plant life living in the same ecosystem.
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Biofuels
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Biofuels
Fuels produced from biomass (i.e. organic matter).
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Biomass
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Biomass
Total mass of organisms in a set area.
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Biome
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Biome
Also known as a global-scale ecosystem; a large, distinct region of the Earth with similar climate, soil, plants and animals.
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Biotic components
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Biotic components
Living organisms that interact with the environment and other organisms within an ecosystem.
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Buttress roots
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Buttress roots
Large, thick tree roots that grow above the ground in tropical rainforests.
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Camouflage
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Camouflage
An animal adaptation where animals purposefully look like their surroundings to hide from predators.
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Canopy
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Canopy
The layer of a tropical rainforest where the tops of trees touch, forming a dense area of vegetation.
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Carbon sink
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Carbon sink
Something that absorbs more carbon dioxide than it emits, causing a net loss of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
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Cattle ranching
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Cattle ranching
The rearing of cows on large areas of land, usually to produce meat to sell for a profit.
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CITES
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CITES
(The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora) an international agreement that works to protect threatened wildlife from exploitation.
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Clear felling
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Clear felling
A form of logging where all trees in an area are cut down.
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Climate change
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Climate change
A distinct change in global or regional patterns of climate, such as changes in temperature or precipitation patterns.
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Commercial farming
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Commercial farming
Agriculture that is intended to create surplus produce to sell for a profit.
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Conifers
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Conifers
Cone-bearing trees that are usually evergreen and have needle-shaped leaves, native to colder environments.
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Conservation
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Conservation
Taking action to ensure a resource or environment is not depleted and over-exploited.
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Consumers
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Consumers
Organisms that receive energy from consuming (i.e.eating) living organisms.
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Debt-for-nature swaps
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Debt-for-nature swaps
Agreements where one country reduces the amount of debt owed by another country in return for the owing country putting efforts into environmental conservation.
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Decomposers
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Decomposers
Organisms that break down organic material and release the nutrients back into the ecosystem.
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Deforestation
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Deforestation
The permanent (and usually large-scale) removal of trees.
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Drip-tip
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Drip-tip
An adaptation of a leaf where the end of the leaf is tapered, allowing rainwater to drip off.
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Drought
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Drought
A sustained period of abnormally dry weather.
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Ecosystem
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Ecosystem
A natural system in which a community of plants and animals interact with each other and their physical environment.
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Ecotourism
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Ecotourism
Tourism that aims to have reduced environmental impact and supports conservation efforts, making it sustainable.
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Epiphytes
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Epiphytes
Plants that live on the surface of other plants, receiving nutrients from these plants.
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Food web
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Food web
A representation of the interactions between multiple producers and consumers within a specific ecosystem, shown through a series of different food webs.
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Forest fire
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Forest fire
An uncontrolled fire that burns woodland and vegetation (also called a wildfire).
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Fossil fuels
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Fossil fuels
Fuels made up of the remains of organic material, such as oil, coal and gas.
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Fuel wood
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Fuel wood
Wood that is burnt to provide energy.
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Growing season
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Growing season
The time of the year when temperatures and precipitation levels are high enough that plants can grow.
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Hibernation
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Hibernation
An adaptation where animals sleep through the entire winter by entering a state of extremely reduced activity to conserve energy.
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Hydroelectric power (HEP)
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Hydroelectric power (HEP)
Energy harnessed from the movement of water.
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Indigenous peoples
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Indigenous peoples
The earliest known settlers in an area
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Interdependence
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Interdependence
The concept of multiple things depending on each other for survival.
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Leaching
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Leaching
A process in soils where minerals are washed away by water (usually rainfall).
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Lianas
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Lianas
Woody vines found in tropical rainforests; their roots grow on the forest floor, but the vines stretch high into the canopy.
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Litter
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Litter
Organic matter that falls onto a forest floor.
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Logging
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Logging
The process of cutting down trees for wood.
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Migration
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Migration
The seasonal movement of animals.
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Nutrient cycling
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Nutrient cycling
The transfer of nutrients through an ecosystem, from the decay of organic material into the production and energy of living organisms.
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Nutrients
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Nutrients
Elements or compounds that support the growth of plants and animals, such as phosphates, potassium, magnesium, and nitrogen.
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Open-cast mining
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Open-cast mining
A mining technique where an area is cleared and resources are mined close to the surface, rather than underground (also called strip mining).
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Plantations
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Plantations
Farms where crops are grown in large amounts with the intention to sell for a profit.
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Producers
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Producers
Organisms that convert energy from the environment (mainly sunlight) into sugars (glucose).
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Productivity
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Productivity
A measure of new plant and animal growth in a given time, usually measured in grams per square metre per year.
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Pulp and paper production
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Pulp and paper production
The process of making paper from softwood.
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REDD
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REDD
(Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) a group of United Nations-run schemes with the aim to reduce the environmental impact of poorly managed forests.
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Replanting
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Replanting
Planting a tree after cutting down a tree, so that theoretically the environmental impact of deforestation is reduced.
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Runoff
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Runoff
Rainwater that flows over the Earth’s surface.
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Selective logging
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Selective logging
A form of logging where only certain trees are cut down to reduce the environmental effects of logging.
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Slash-and-burn
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Slash-and-burn
A farming practice where plants and trees are cut down and then purposefully burnt to clear the area.
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Subsistence farming
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Subsistence farming
Agriculture that is intended to produce only enough food for the farmer and their family to eat.
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Sustainability
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Sustainability
The ability to continue with an activity or process far into the future at the same rate.
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Sustainable forestry
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Sustainable forestry
Management strategies that work to reduce the environmental impacts of commercial forest use, allowing forestry to continue into the future at the same rate.
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Taiga biome
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Taiga biome
A biome located at high latitudes, characterised by conifer trees and a cold climate.
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Tar sands
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Tar sands
An area with natural deposits of oil mixed with sediments and water.
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Tropical rainforest biome
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Tropical rainforest biome
A biome located near the equator, characterised by very high precipitation and sustained warm temperatures.
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Understory
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Understory
The layer of a tropical rainforest that lies beneath the canopy but above the forest floor.
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Weathering
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Weathering
The breakdown of soil and rock through chemical or physical processes.
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Wilderness
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Wilderness
An area that is untouched by humans, and therefore remains unaffected by human activity.
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