Edexcel GCSE P.E. (Physical Education) Revision Guide & Workbook Sample

Edexcel GCSE P.E. Revision Guide Sample

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DCBAA

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Exercise & fitness

DCBAA

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Figure 1 shows a woman doing yoga as a form of exerise.

Which of the following components of fitness is skill-related and the most important in this yoga pose? (1 mark)

A Balance B Coordination C Body composition D Strength

Agility Agility has two components:1. The ability to CHANGE DIRECTION.2. The ability to do so QUICKLY.It is used by performers that need to dodge to avoid others, for example netball players, basketball players and rugby players.

Balance Balance is used in all activities. There are some activities where balance is especially important. Here are two examples:• agymnastusesbalanceduringa

handstand to hold his position still• adiscusthrowerusesbalanceasshe

releases the discus to stay in the throwing circle

For any aspect of SKILL-RELATED FITNESS, remember to say WHO uses it, HOW they use it, and WHY.

All the components are used in this activity,

but you need to choose the most important.

Agility, balance and coordination Agility, balance and coordination are three components of SKILL-RELATED FITNESS. You need to know the effects they will have on your ability to carry out different physical activities.

Describing agilityDescribe agility as the ability to change DIRECTION quickly, not POSITION.

If an exam question talks about, or shows a picture of a specific activity, you will need to apply your answer to this activity.

This was a real exam question that a lot of students struggled with - be prepared!

Coordination Coordination is important in all activities.Here are three types of coordination:• HAND-EYE,wouldbeneededbyatennis

player (to toss the ball and make contact when serving).

• FOOT-EYE,wouldbeneededbyafootballplayer (to watch the ball onto her foot when receiving a pass).

• HAND-HAND,wouldbeneededbyabasketball player (to switch hands when dribbling the ball).

You need to make sure it is clear which body parts are working together.

Explain how each of the following performers use coordination in their activities:(a) A golfer taking a putt(b) A javelin thrower in their run-up(c) A swimmer during a 100 m butterfly race(d) A sprinter running the final leg of a relay race (4 marks)

target

D

target

C



72

Cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular system: adaptations 2

Cardiac output and stroke volumeTo increase cardiac output you can:

Other long term training effects on the cardiovascular system caused by regular exercise are outlined below.

Further adaptations relating to the cardiovascular system include:• Lower resting heart rate. • Increased MAXIMUM cardiac output

during exercise. • Faster return to resting heart rate.• Increased capillarisation (the

development of a capillary network).• Increased number of red blood cells.

The benefi ts of these adaptations are as follows:• Greater training zone: with an increased

stroke volume, the heart needs to beat less often to eject the same amount of blood. (See page 50 for more on training zone.)

• Increased oxygen delivery to working muscles.

• More effi cient recovery.• Increased blood fl ow supplying oxygen to

working muscles.

HR = Heart beats per min

SV = Volume per heart beat

One of the long-term adaptations of regular participation in physical activity is an increased number of red blood cells.Explain the benefi t of an increase in the number of red blood cells to a long-distance runner. (3 marks)

Long distance running is an endurance activity. This type of running is aerobic, the increased number of red blood cells will help with an increase in transport of oxygen to the working muscles.

Target

B

Credit is given for recognising the

type of activity that requires oxygen.

Target

A1 A healthy, active lifestyle will have an impact on the body systems. Describe four of the effects

of regular participation on the body’s cardiovascular system. (4 marks)

increase heart rate

increase both heart rate and stroke volume

Cardiac output is the amount of blood

leaving the heart per MINUTE.

increase stroke volume

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41

Physical activity

Jogging(aerobic)

Sprinting(anaerobic)

Changes of pace allow for recovery so performer can work maximally

Fartlek training is continuous, but the changes in pace within the sessions mean that performers work both aerobically and anaerobically within the exercise session

Fartlek training improves

cardiovascular � tness and

muscular endurance and

reduces the chance of

coronary heart disease

Fartlek training is a form of CONTINUOUS TRAINING. Its key CHARACTERISTICS are variations in pace and terrain covered.BENEFITS

Fartlek training

41

Some training activities can be adapted to suit different performance activities. How might a cross-country runner and a footballer adapt fartlek training to suit their own activity? (2 marks)

A cross-country runner would focus on changing terrains, e.g. up and down hills.A footballer would focus on variation in pace to match game requirements.

Think about what a games player does during the game.

Target

B

1 Why should you involve jogging and sprinting in a fartlek session, if you are a games player? (2 marks)1 Target

E

Many students found this question diffi cult because they didn’t read the question carefully. Instead of saying how the training session was adapted, they just explained the training method.Make sure you read all questions carefully.

This was a real exam question that a lot of students struggled with – be prepared!

Activities associated with fartlek training

HockeyNetball BasketballRugby

This is due to the similarity between the training method and the game situation where there is sprinting and recovery, e.g. making a fast break in hockey and then jogging back into position.




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Physical activity

Training Activity

Description:Specifi city means matching training to the particular requirements of an activity.

Explanation:You must make sure that your training is appropriate for your sport. This is so that you are training the right muscles and body systems, rather than other areas of � tness that will have little impact on your performance.

Application:For speci� city, a rower could plan their training around using a rowing machine.

You need to be able to describe, explain and apply speci� city, a principle of training.

Principles of training: specificity

Don’t get confused with individual needs

– speci� city is about the requirements of

the activity, not the person!

Using a treadmill instead of a rowing

machine may train some of the same

things but would not be the best match.

Show your understandingIf you are asked to defi ne or explain specifi city, don’t just use the word ‘specifi c’ in your answer. You need to demonstrate your understanding of the PRINCIPLE of specifi city.

Which of the following statements does not conform to the principle of specifi city? (1 mark)

A A 100 m runner practising their sprint starts.

B A games player taking part in a fartlek training session.

C A tennis player practising their fi rst serves.

D A 50-metre freestyle swimmer working on their speed at the track.

Figure 1 shows three items of fi tness training equipment.1 Explain which of the items of

equipment shown in Figure 1 is most likely to be used by a sprint cyclist. (3 marks)

Target

EMany students failed to gain marks for this type of question because they confused individual differences with specifi city. Remember, specifi city relates to the needs of the activity.

Students have struggled with exam questions similar to this – be prepared!

Figure 1

Target

E

The swimmer should be training in the pool rather than on the track.




86

Skeletal system

Which of the following is the most benefi cial in your diet for ensuring a healthy skeleton? (1 mark) A Vitamin D B Vitamin C C Protein D Carbohydrates

The skeletal system and exerciseYou need to know the bene� ts weight-bearing exercise and a balanced diet can have on the skeletal system.

1 Using an example, explain why stronger ligaments and tendons will be benefi cial to a rugby player. (2 marks)

Although all options are important, vitamin D is the most bene� cial as it aids an increase in bone density.

Target

D

Bone density and dietBone density is a measurement of the mineral content of the bone – the greater the bone density, the stronger the bone.Bone density can be improved through a balanced diet containing:• The mineral CALCIUM – found in many

foods including milk and green vegetables (e.g. broccoli).

• VITAMIN D – found in eggs and oily � sh. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium.

(2 marks)

Target

B

STRONGER LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS

Better support of joints, and therefore more stability

during physical activity.

Regular exercise also increases the production of synovial � uid. This increases

lubrication of the joints, aiding � exibility.

INCREASED BONE DENSITY / STRONGER BONES

• Reduced chance of osteoporosis.

• Better posture.

• Reduced chance of fractures.

Weight-bearing activitiesWeight-bearing activities are those that force your body to work against gravity. They do not include those where your weight is supported, for example cycling.Weight bearing activities include:

walkingrunningtennis aerobics.




Edexcel GCSE P.E. Revision Workbook Sample


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3

Agility, balance and coordination

Guided

2 Thisquestionrelatestocomponentsofskill-relatedfitnesswhichareusedinphysicalactivitytocontributetoabalancedhealthylifestyle.

(a) Statethecomponentofskill-relatedfitnessbeingdescribedineachstatement:

(i) istheabilitytochangethedirection

ofthebodyquickly. (1 mark)

(ii) Squashplayersneed tomovethe

rackettotherightplacetostriketheballcorrectly. (1 mark)

3 Giveexamplestodemonstratetheimportanceofagilityintwodifferentsportingactivities. (2 marks)

Squash players need agility to change direction quickly to reach the ball

Footballers need to use agility to

4 Giveexamplestodemonstratetheimportanceofcoordinationintwodifferentsportingactivities. (2 marks)

5 ExplainhowthehighjumperinFigure 1 uses balance inherevent. (2 marks)

TARGET

C

TARGET

C

TARGET

C

1 Whichofthefollowingcomponentsoffitnessisskill-related and the most important foragoalkeeperdivingtosaveadeflectedshotongoal. (1 mark)

A Agility

B Power

C Muscularstrength

D Bodycomposition

TARGET

E

The question asks for a component of skill-related fitness so you can cross out any options which are health-related.

EXAMALERT

Exercise & fitness

Students have struggled with exam questions similar to this - be prepared!

TARGET

C-B

Figure 1



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Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular system: adaptations 2

1 One training adaptation that occurs as a result of regular participation in physical activity is that the heart rate returns to resting heart rate more quickly than before. Explain why this is an advantage when participating in physical activity. (1 mark)

2 One long-term adaptation of regular participation in physical activity is capillarisation. Explain the benefit of an increase in capillarisation to a hockey player. (3 marks)

3 (a) What impact does regular training have on the equation below, when the performer is resting? (1 mark)

Cardiac output = HR × SV

(b) Explain your answer to (a). (2 marks)

4 Which of the following resting heart rate values is the most likely for a trained athlete? (1 mark)

A 65 bpm

B 65 mpg

C 90 bpm

D 220 bpm

blood pressure and cholesterol1 Name the two different types of blood pressure. (2 marks)

2 Why are there two different types of blood pressure, rather than just one? (3 marks)

3 Explain why blood pressure increases as a result of exercise. (3 marks)

4 Which of the two types of blood pressure is higher in a healthy adult, and why? (3 marks)

5 Which of the following can cause deposits to build up in the arteries, making it harder for blood to circulate? (1 mark)

A Light density lipoprotein

B Low density lipoprotein

C High density lipoprotein

D Medium density lipoprotein

C

b

d

a

b

C

b

C

f

Students often find this topic difficult. Remember to use the number of marks available as a guide to the number of statements you make.

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Physical Activity

Continuous training1 Identify three different types of activity where the performers would use continuous

training to improve their fi tness for their activity. (3 marks)

2 Which of the following is not an example of a continuous training method? (1 mark)

A Continuous training

B Circuit training

C Weight training

D Fartlek training

3 Explain how continuous training could be used to improve all aspects of health. (4 marks)

Any form of regular exercise can improve physical, social and mental aspects of health.

Continuous training would

e

F

Guided

b

Fartlek training1 (a) Describe why the area shown in Figure 1 below would be ideal for fartlek training.

(3 marks)

(b) Identify two different types of performers who would benefi t from using this training. (2 marks)

(c) Identify two components of fi tness that would be most likely to improve as a result of using this training. (3 marks)

C

HILL

GRASS AREA

STREAM

WOOD

GRAVEL TRACK

Figure 1

Note the key word diff erent. A footballer would be a good example, but not if your other example is a rugby player, as they would both be the same type of player (games players).

EXAMALERT

Exam questions similar to this have proved especially tricky in the past – be prepared!




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Physical Activity

Principles of training: Specificity1. The performers listed below all apply the principles of training to their training

programmes. Name the training method these performers would be most likely to use if applying the principle of specificity to their training. (4 marks)

(a) 100 m sprinter

interval training

(b) Long distance runner

(c) Shot putter

(d) Games player

2 Two GCSE PE students were using fartlek training to improve their performance in their activities. One of the students played football; the other was a cross-country runner. Describe how each would adapt their use of this training method to follow the principle of specificity. (4 marks)

(4 marks)

d

A

Guided

Remember specificity is about the sport not the person.

Principles of training: Individual differences / needs, and rest

and recovery1 As part of an active, healthy lifestyle, an individual may apply the principles of training to

produce a Personal Exercise Programme. Which of the following statements relates to the principle of individual needs in training? (1 mark)

A Gradually making the body work harder because you are not as fit as someone else.

B Following a standard recovery programme after injury.

C Ensuring you have sufficient rest before continuing, even if this means following a different training programme than others in your team.

D Tailoring your training to meet the demands of your sport, no one else’s.

2 While exercise is an important part of a healthy, active lifestyle, too much exercise can lead to injury. Name a principle of training, other than progressive overload, that can reduce the chance of injury. (1 mark)

3 Explain the principle of individual differences and the value of applying it to your training programme. (3 marks)

4 Apart from reducing the likelihood of sustaining injury through overuse, give another reason why the principle of rest and recovery is so important. (1 mark)

C

d

F

A




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Skeletal System

Skeletal System

Skeletal system and exercise1 (a) (i) Which one of the following activities is most likely to reduce the chance

of osteoporosis? (1 mark)

(a) (ii) Name two other weight-bearing activities. (2 marks)

(b) State the difference between weight-bearing activities and non-weight bearing activities. (1 mark)

(c) Give four advantages of weight-bearing activities for the skeletal system. (4 marks)

2 Which of the following mineral is associated with stronger bones? (1 mark)

A Calcium

B Iron

C Sodium

D Granite

3 Give a reason why it is beneficial to have stronger bones when taking part in physical activity. (1 mark)

e

d

Potential injuries: Fractures1 (a) What type of injury is shown in images A, B, C and D below? (1 mark)

(b) In the spaces provided, name the different variations of the type of injury shown in A, B, C and D. (4 marks)

A

B Compound

C

D

(c) Describe injury A and give an example of when it may occur due to physical activity. (2 marks)

(d) Describe injury C and give an example of when it may occur due to physical activity. (2 marks)

2 Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for the types of injury shown in 1 (a)? (1 mark)

A Have the player assisted from the field of play and allowed to rest

B Seek medical assistance

C Bandage

D Rest Ice Elevation Impression

F

Walking Cycling Rowing Bobsleigh

A B C D

d

b

b

b

g

b

d

Guided

g




Edexcel GCSE P.E. (Physical Education) Revision Guide & Workbook Sample

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