EDD/ 2011/ FNVA Tibetan Plateau – Permafrost cover - TIBET 1 Environment and Development Desk...

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EDD/ 2011/ FNVA Tibetan Plateau – Permafrost cover - TIBET 1 Environment and Development Desk Department of Information and International Relations Central Tibetan Administration, Dharamsala Tenzin NORBU RIVER WATERS: PERSPECTIVE AND CHALLENGE FOR ASIA 18 -20 November, 2011 India International Center, New Delhi

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Transcript of EDD/ 2011/ FNVA Tibetan Plateau – Permafrost cover - TIBET 1 Environment and Development Desk...

Page 1: EDD/ 2011/ FNVA Tibetan Plateau – Permafrost cover - TIBET 1 Environment and Development Desk Department of Information and International Relations Central.

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Environment and Development DeskDepartment of Information and International Relations

Central Tibetan Administration, Dharamsala

Tenzin NORBU

RIVER WATERS: PERSPECTIVE AND CHALLENGE FOR ASIA18 -20 November, 2011

India International Center, New Delhi

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Courtesy: NASA/ D.Miller

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Map courtesy: T. Wangyal Shawa, 2009

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Permafrost Cover

Approximately > 1.4 Million Sq. Km on Permafrost, Remaining on Seasonally Frozen soils

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Seasonally Frozen Grounds

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Temperature rise in Lhasa

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2008Manfred and Peng, (1988)

www.msnweather.com

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RISING TEMPERATURE

• Lhasa Aprox. 0.4o C / Decade

• World Average (IPCC) 0.03/ Decade

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Permafrost/ Frozen grounds

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Permafrost Degradation

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•Permafrost degradation change in vegetative mat Desertification•Species selection loss of native species

Impacts:

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Pictures courtesy: Losang

Alpine Wetlands --> Alpine grasslands / Meadows :Total SOC storage (1 meter soil) > 7400 Million tons

of C

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Pictures courtesy: Losang

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[‘The original sliding was caused by excavation of the slope toe in 1990 during the repairing of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. ..”]

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Permafrost Degradation

Surface Soil Temperature shift: 150 -230 days/ year

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Courtesy: Wu et al, 2003, Sc in China, Vol 46 No 2

The temperature of soil under asphalt pavement is much higherthan that under the normal condition

Natural Surface

Asphalt pavement

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Retrogressive Thermal Slumping

Permafrost Degradation

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Surface degradation associated with thaw of ice-rich permafrost

SLH/ QTH

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Source: NAN Zhuotong et al, 2005

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Threats to Infrastructure projects

Positive Feedback

CO2 & CH4

Consequences:

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Desertification

Consequences:

Lowering water tables

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Climate Warming: Drying the head regions of Major Rivers

Eastern Tibet: Head Region of the Machu (Yellow River)

Consequences:

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How to restore the degrading permafrost?

Long term field observations & research stations

Interaction between atmospheric and land surfaces

Restore the ancestral pastoral nomadic culture - mobility

Managed grazing of the grasslands

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Pictures courtesy: Wild Yak

Winter Pastures

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TNomads settlement Sershul in Kham (2010)

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Pictures courtesy: EDD/ DIIR

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G. Warming and Grazing cancel each other – No effect on ANPP (Above Ground Net Pr. Production)….Julia et al, 2007

Managed Grazing/ Herd size: Prolongs/ extends the growing season, Improves plant C:N ratio

MOUNTAIN CLOSURE FENCED GRASSLAND IN DAMSHUNG

SEDENTARIZATION: FENCED WINTER PASTURE IN AMDO

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Drichu/ Yangtse

Machu/ Yellow

Yarlung Tsangpo/ Brahmaputra

Zachu/ Mekong

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THANK YOU

For more information, please visit us at:www.tibet.net

[email protected]

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mailto:[email protected]
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"herders should not, as a result of the measures

adopted under the tuimu huancao policy, be put in a situation where they have no other options than to

sell their herd and resettle."

Mr. Olivier De Schutter

UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food15 - 23 December 2010

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[‘The QTH “opened up” the country for more concentration of people in settlements resulting in more infrastructures, fostered the construction of sideroads, encouraged an explosion in sheep, goat, cattle and yak raising …..’]

The impacts of the Golmud to Lhasa Oil ProductsPipeline (GLOPP)

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•Largest radiation values in China•Frequent thawing and freezing states

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[‘The QTH “opened up” the country for more concentration of people in settlements resulting in more infrastructures, fostered the construction of side roads, encouraged an explosion in sheep, goat, cattle and yak raising..]

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The impacts of the Golmud to Lhasa Oil ProductsPipeline (GLOPP)

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“Beilu He Permafrost Research Station, about midway along the QTEC, showing ventilated space between gravel fill and floor of the building”

LESSON LEARNED

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The impacts of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway (QTR)

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• Largest radiation values in China• Frequent thawing and freezing states

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Unreasonable economic activities are the main factor for causing the desertification !!!


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