ECTOPARASITES Lice. Two Orders (head width, mouthparts differentiate) (1) Mallophaga – (Chewing...
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Transcript of ECTOPARASITES Lice. Two Orders (head width, mouthparts differentiate) (1) Mallophaga – (Chewing...
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ECTOPARASITESECTOPARASITES
LiceLice
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Two Orders (head width, mouthparts differentiate)Two Orders (head width, mouthparts differentiate)
(1)(1) Mallophaga – (Chewing Lice)Mallophaga – (Chewing Lice) i.i. Chewing parasites with mandibulate mouthparts.Chewing parasites with mandibulate mouthparts. ii. Feed: sloughed epidermis, feathers and sebaceous ii. Feed: sloughed epidermis, feathers and sebaceous secretions.secretions. iii. Hosts: birds (most) and mammals.iii. Hosts: birds (most) and mammals. iv. No species are parasites of man.iv. No species are parasites of man.
(2) Anoplura – (Sucking Lice)(2) Anoplura – (Sucking Lice) i.i. Bloodsucking parasites of mammalsBloodsucking parasites of mammals ii.ii. Haustellum mouthpartHaustellum mouthpart iii. Solenophagus (all lice)iii. Solenophagus (all lice) iv. Hosts: mammal (humans have 3 species)iv. Hosts: mammal (humans have 3 species)
Order: Phthiraptera (Order: Phthiraptera (LICE)LICE)
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Biology
(1) Dorso-ventrally flattened body.
(2) Claws adapted to grasp the host
(3) All lice are wingless
(4) Hemimetabolous Life CycleEgg Nymph Adult
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Family: Pthiridae (crab louse)
(1) Species: Phithirus pubis
(2) Morphology
(3) Location on Host
(4) Size
(5) Eggs attached to coarser body hairs.
(6) Habits
(7) Spread
(8) Transfer
(9) Diseases
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Family: Pediculidae (head louse)
(1) Species: Pediculus humanus capitis
(2) Location on Host
(3) Size
(4) Eggs attached to the hairs (glued).
(5) Habits
(6) Spread
(7) Transfer
(8) Diseases
(9) Treatment
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Family: Pediculidae (Body louse)
(1) Species: Pediculus humanus humanus
(2) Location on Host
(3) Size
(4) Eggs on clothing seams (glued).
(5) Habits
(6) Spread
(7) Transfer
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Louse Borne Diseases
(1) Vagabond’s Disease
(a) Pediculosis(b) Vector(c) Saliva (toxic effects)(d) Distribution(e) Diagnosis
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Louse Borne Diseases
(2) Trench Fever(a) Vector(b) Pathogen(c) Reservoir(d) Distribution(e) Transmission(f) Diagnosis(g) Non pathogenic to louse
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Louse Borne Diseases
(3) Epidemic Relapsing Fever
(a) Vector
(b) Pathogen
(c) Reservoir
(d) Distribution
(e) Transmission
(f) Diagnosis
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Louse Borne Diseases
(4) Epidemic Typhus
(a) Vector
(b) Pathogen
(c) Reservoir
(d) Distribution
(e) Transmission
(f) Symptoms and Diagnosis
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Louse ControlLouse ControlBody Lice – change and wash clothing in water hotter than 60C. In epidemic situations, 10% DDT in talc dusted on between body and underclothes (other insecticides – 1% malathion, 2% temephos, 1% propoxur, 0.5% permethrin). Protect from future infestation with insecticide treated clothing.
Head Lice – soap and water washing for adults and nymphs. Combing to remove nits or shaving head. Insecticides, but resistance in many areas of the world. Pubic Lice – insecticidal emulsions and lotions. Resistance not as much of a problem. 1% permethrin – reapply because eggs not killed. 0.5% malathion – kills eggs too.