Ecosystems, Populations, and biodiversity SCI 7724.
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Transcript of Ecosystems, Populations, and biodiversity SCI 7724.
![Page 1: Ecosystems, Populations, and biodiversity SCI 7724.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b717f8b9ab0599b5907/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ecosystems, Populations, and biodiversity
SCI 7724
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Case Study: Costa Rica Cloud forest
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What is evolution, really?
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Natural selection
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Natural selection works on POPULATIONS
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Evolution can generate biodiversity
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What is speciation and how does it happen?
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Population separation
Allopatric speciation
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• Sympatric speciation
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Phylogenetic trees
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Mass extinction events
• Most extinction occurs gradually– background extinction rate
• Mass extinctions can wipe out 50-95% of biodiversity
• 65 mya- K-T event• 250 mya- 75-95% of species extinct- volcano?
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The sixth mass extinction
• http://www.well.com/~davidu/extinction.html
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Levels of ecological organization
• Biosphere• Ecosystem• Community• Population• Individual
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Niches
What’s so important about niches?
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Population size
• How is it calculated/estimated?• Why is it important?
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Population density
• How is it calculated/estimated?• Why is it important?
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Population distribution
• How is it calculated/estimated?• Why is it important?
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Sex ratios and age structure
• Why does it matter?
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How populations change over time
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Limiting factors and carrying capacity
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R- and K-selected species
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Conservation of Biodiversity
• Cloud forest
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Interpreting graphs