Ecosystems and Biomes Science Block A. Ecosystem An ecosystem is all the living and non living...
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Transcript of Ecosystems and Biomes Science Block A. Ecosystem An ecosystem is all the living and non living...
EcosystemsandBiomesScience Block A
Ecosystem An ecosystem is all the living and non
living things in an environment. 2 main types
Terrestrial ecosystems- land-based ecosystem
Aquatic ecosystem – water-based ecosystem
Ecosystem They contain living things that interact
with each other. This includes how the plants and
animals interact with their non-living environment.
Ecosystems can be large like the Pacific Ocean or as small as a Puddle.
Biomes Biomes are large areas that have similar
plants, animals, and other organisms. Organisms are living things that can
work independently. Biomes are large ecosystems where
plants, animals, people, and insects live in a certain type of climate.
Types of Biomes There are two types of Biomes:
Land Water
Let’s Review http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyja
ms/jams/science/ecosystems/biomes.htm
Deserts An area where little or no life exists
because of a lack of water. soil and air are dry little rain sun shines most of the time temperature hot in day and can be freezing
at night few plants: cactus and bushes snakes, lizards, few mammals like rabbits
Desert Deserts are the driest places on Earth. Plants that are in the desert have to
survive on very little rain. Example: Cactus
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/habitats/desert/
Grasslands Grasslands are areas that are covered with grass
and very few tress. They are also known as prairies (North America)
Savannah (Africa) Hot summers Very cold winters. Have some rain, but not enough for trees to grow. Usually flat, with gently rolling hills. Plants have long slender leaves to allow little
water loss.
Grasslands
Grasslands https://www.brainpop.com/science/earth
system/savanna/
Taiga Taiga or Boreal Forest Largest terrestrial biome evergreen trees: firs and pines long winters floor has dead dry needles and mosses animals: mostly birds, insects, bears,
lynx hold water to create a bog(swamp)
Taiga
Taiga https://www.brainpop.com/science/earth
system/taiga/preview.weml
Tundra low temperatures long winters no trees permafrost: layer of permanently frozen
soil strong winds few small plants grow: lichens and
moss animals: birds, caribou, ox
Tundra
Tundra https://www.brainpop.com/science/earth
system/tundra/preview.weml
Aquatic Biomes All aquatic ecosystems include large
amounts of fresh water or salt water. Oceans Lakes Ponds Rivers Oceans estuaries
Aquatic Biomes http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyja
ms/jams/science/ecosystems/aquatic-ecosystems.htm
Ponds Ponds are smaller bodies of freshwater
that are surrounded by land. Ponds are shallower than lakes. Plants and algae grow along the edges
where the water is the shallowest. Home to: snails, frogs, turtles, ducks,
beavers and fish.
Lakes Large bodies of freshwater surrounded
by land. Lake Norman Fish such as catfish, bass and trout.
Oceans Large body of salt water. Divided by continents. Most organisms live near the shore
where the water is shallow. https://www.brainpop.com/science/earth
system/oceans/
Estuary Body of water in which freshwater from rivers meets
and mixes with salt water from oceans. Is affected by tides. Tide= rise or fall of ocean water. A high tide causes more salt water to flow into an
estuary. Low tide causes salt water to flow out. Animals must be able to live in different amounts of salt
throughout the day. The freshwater that mixes with the salt water is full of
nutrients. The water is Brackish= mix of salt and fresh water.
Abiotic and Biotic Factors Biotic factors are all of the living
organisms in an ecosystem. Examples: plants, animals, fungi, etc.
Abiotic factors are all of the nonliving organisms in an ecosystem.
Biotic and Abiotic factors depend on each other for survival in an ecosystem.
Biotic and Abiotic Factors http://study.com/academy/lesson/abiotic
-factors-of-an-ecosystem-definition-examples-quiz.html
Biotic and Abiotic Factors http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/l
sps07_int_ecosystem/
Producers A Producer is a living thing that makes
its own food. Plants, grasses, shrubs, and trees are
examples of producers. Other examples include algae and
bacteria. Plants use the energy in sunlight to
make or produce their own food.
Consumers Animals and people can’t produce their
own food. A Consumer is a living thing that gets
energy by eating other living things. All animals are consumers.
Consumers There are three types of consumers Herbivores: consumers that eat only or mostly
plants. Mice, rabbits, deer, and insects.
Carnivores: consumers that eat only or mostly animals.
Sharks, walruses, cats, lions, foxes Omnivores: consumers that eat both plants and
animals. Pigs, bears, raccoons, and humans.
Decomposers Living things give off waste material. A decomposer is a living thing that gets
energy by breaking down wastes and dead plants and animals.
Decomposers break the material down into simpler materials which become part of the soil that helps plants grow.
Examples: bacteria and fungi such as mushrooms.
The Flow of Energy in Ecosystems
http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/ecosystems/food-chains.htm
Food Chains A food chain is a model that shows the
path of energy from one living thing to the next.
Food Chains If one kind of organism is removed from
this food chain, all the other organisms in the food chain will be affected.
Food Web A food chain shows the flow of energy
from one living thing to the next. Several food chains connect to form a
food web. http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyja
ms/jams/science/ecosystems/food-webs.htm
Energy Pyramids Energy moves through ecosystems. It goes from small animals to big
animals to the biggest animals. As each animal eats it stores only the
energy it gets from the plant or animal it eats.
The bottom level always contains producers and holds the most energy.
Energy Pyramid Each higher level contains less energy
and fewer living things. The carnivores are at the top of the
energy pyramid and contain least amount of energy.
https://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/energypyramid/preview.weml
Energy PyramidsEach level is reducedby 10 %.
How do organisms compete for and share resources?
Competition Competition= contest among organisms
for resources. All organisms compete in a community
for the resources they need. Animals compete for food, water, and
shelter. Plants compete for food and sunlight.
Examples of Competition Animals may use camouflage to help them sneak
up on animals they hunt. This helps them compete for the limited food resources.
Camouflage= body color or patterns to help them blend in with their environment.
A cheetah’s speed allows it to hunt and capture it’s prey.
Hunting in a pack helps animals compete with other animals to get their food.
Competition helps animals survive in it’s environment.
Symbiosis Symbiosis = a long term relationship between
two different organisms. Symbiosis may benefit both organisms which is
called mutualism. For example, a cleaner fish picks bits of food out
from shark’s teeth. The cleaner fish gets food while the shark gets it’s teeth cleaned.
Another example is the relationship between flowers and bees.
Flowers produces nectar that bees eat and while the bees eat they pollinate the flowers.
Symbiosis https://www.brainpop.com/science/ecolo
gyandbehavior/symbiosis/preview.weml
http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0776202.html
Instinct and Learned Behaviors
Instinct An instinct is a behavior that an
organism inherits. Examples of this include migration,
hibernation, building shelters, and hunting prey.
When Canada geese fly south for winter, it is an instinct.
Birds instinctively build nests.
Learned Behavior Learned behaviors are behaviors that
they learn from their parents. These are not inherited. A dog learning to shake and roll over are
examples of learned behaviors.
Inherited Traits A trait is a quality or characteristics of a
living thing. A behavior is a way in which a living thing
acts or responds to its surroundings. You inherited you’re the color of your
eyes and hair, the shape of your nose and having too arms.
If you can roll your tongue you were born with this trait.
Inherited Traits These traits are passed from parents to
offspring. Plants inherit ways of responding to
their surrounding such as roots grow down and toward water. Stems grow up toward the sun.
Acquired Traits Not all traits are inherited. An acquired trait is a characteristic that a
living thing gets during its lifetime. Acquire=to get A scar is a physical trait that is acquired. Many acquired traits are learned behaviors. Example: young chimpanzees learn to use
sticks as tools to get food. You were not born knowing how to speak or
read a book.
Inherited Traits and Acquired TraitsInherited Traits Acquired Traits
A girl has brown eyes. A girl can speak Spanish.
A boy has long fingers. A boy knows how to play the piano.
A plant has red flowers. A plant’s leaves have spots from a disease.
A bird knows how to build a nest.
A bird knows where to find a feeder.
A tree has large, round leaves.
A tree’s trunk is bent by the wind.
A dog has curly fur. A dog knows how to fetch on command.