Ecosystem characteristics

• Nonliving factors (abiotic)– Oxygen– Water– Virus– Sun – Rocks, dirt

• Living factor (biotic)– Species– Cells, organisms– Plants

• Biotic and abiotic factors dependant on one another (community)

Ecosystem examples

• Desert• Ocean• Coral reef• Temperate Forests• Rain forest• River • Pond• Valley• Soil

Ecosystem characteristics

• Community – interact with one another

• Abiotic factors (non living things)– Rocks– Dead organisms– Water– Air– Sun

• Biotic factors (living things)– Birds, fish plants, bacteria,

insects

Ecosystem examples

• Rainforest• Ocean• Desert• Coral reefs• Temperate forest• Urban ecosystem?

Ecosystem characteristics

• Has natural resources• Food chains• Biotic - Living things

– Organisms – birds, mammals, bacteria, fish, plants

• Abiotic – non-living things– Viruses– Rocks– Plastic– Buildings– Water– Oxygen/air– SUN!!

• An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic factors that support each other, interact with one another, connect. etc

Ecosystem examples

• Desert• Rainforest• Coral reef• Jungle• Urban ecosystem• River • Lakes• Swamps• Oceans• Mountains/valleys

Ecosystem characteristics

• Biotic factors - Living organisms– Fish, plants, animals, humans,

bacteria, insects

• Abiotic factors– non-living things– Oxygen/air– Water– Rocks– Minerals– Sun

• Interact with each other (community)

Ecosystem examples

• Desert• Oceans• Shoreline• Coral reef• Forest• Rainforest• Jungle• Urban ecosystem• Farmland

Ecosystem

• A system that includes all living organisms (biotic factors) in an area as well as its physical environment (abiotic factors) functioning together as a unit

Salinity

• Salinity: the amount of dissolved salt present in water.

• Ecosystems are classified as – salt water (marine) – fresh water (aquatic)– brackish (in the middle)

Depth• How deep the water is, which can affect how

much sunlight can reach the water• Zones– Photic zone –enough sunlight for photosynthesis– Aphotic – no sunlight, no photosynthesis– Benthic – the bottom of a body of water- sandy or

sediment floor• Temperature, pressure and amount ofoxygen decreases as you go deeper

Water flow

• Flowing water – near-constant motion– River, coastline

• Standing water – does not move or moves slowly– Pond, wetland

• Animals will adapt to the speed of the water

• 3 defining characteristics of an ecosystm– Salinity – how much salt is in the ecosystem– Depth – light will decrease, temperature will

decrease, pressure will increase– Water flow – how quickly the water moves

• Adaptations see in film– Traits that an organism will develop over time to

allow it to survive– Small fish – swim in shoals to avoid predators

(increase chance of survival by grouping together)

• 3 defining characteristics– Salinity – amount of salt in the water– Depth – as you go deeper, the temperature goes

down, pressure goes up, amount of light goes down

– Water flow – how fast the water is moving• Adaptation – when an organism develops a

trait that helps it survive in an environment – Marlin – swim fast to find prey (long muscular

body)– Schooling fish – stay together to avoid predators

• 3 defining characteristics– Salinity – amount of salt– Depth – how deep the water is– Water flow – how fast the water moves

• Adaptations– A trait that allows an organism to survive– Ex: strong swimmer, schooling, burrowing (dig)

• Adaptations of octopus• The octopus is best adapted for _______

ecosystem because…

• Adaptations of octopus– Ability to re-grow arms – loses arms to escape predator– Can release ink – to block smell and vision of predator– Invertebrate – no skeleton allows it to hide in very small

spaces– Can camouflage – changes pigment to match

surroundings – help it hide– Venomous saliva and sharp beak – to eat prey– Fast swimmer – escape or catch prey

• The octopus is best adapted for shallow ocean floor because…– There are rocks and areas to hide in the shallow ocean– Can camouflage to match sand and rocks

• Adaptations of octopus– Soft body – allows it to hide in small areas– Ability to change skin color – camouflage– Fast swimmer– Ink – will blind and confuse predators so it can escape– Can lose a limb to escape and it will regenerate– Venomous saliva– Large eyes to find prey

• The octopus is best suited for the ocean floor, in the photic zone– It can blend in with ocean floor– can hide in rocks to escape predators– It has large eyes so it needs to be where there is some light

• Adaptations and how they help the octopus survive– Have special cells that can change color to camouflage them– Can release black ink to distract predators so they can escape– Fast swimmers– No skeleton – able to hide anywhere– Large eyes– Can lose an arm to escape– 8 arms have suction cups to hold prey

• The octopus is best suited for the shallow ocean floor (benthic) ecosystem because…– they can hide – They have eyes and can see their predators– Can crawl on ocean floor– There’s lots of food

Adaptations seen in the films…• Deep sea – Dark zone

– Big eyes – needed to capture small amounts of light– Photophores – light producing cells (bioluminescence) – to hide, to

attract prey, to attract a mate– Transparent bodies and/or red coloring – to hide in the darkness– Big mouth and big teeth – to hunt better in the dark

• Lake

• River– Hooks to hold on OR very strong swimmers to battle current– Flat bodies, low to the ground– Filter feeders can get food out of moving water– Nocturnal hunters have cells that can detect movement

• Lake– Nocturnal hunters can make electric currents to

detect prey– Fast and able to hide from predators

Adaptations seen in the films• Deep sea – big eyes to capture light– Reflective body to hide in the dark– Bioluminescence - helps them catch prey, find a mate,

defend from predators, hide– Red coloring is harder to see– Colonial jellies are in a big group– Big mouth and big teeth

• River– Arms can filter food, flat bodies, bushy gills– Ability to hold on to surfaces

• Lake – ability to use electric impulses to detect food OR ability to sense pressure changes

Adaptations seen in the films• Deep Sea

– Big eyes– Countershading – photophores that hide silhouette from below– Transparent– Bioluminescence – attract prey, hide from predators, find mates– Red coloring will make them invisible

• River– Strong swimming abilities OR hooks to latch on– Flat bodies – Ability to filter food

• Lakes/ponds– Use an electric current to hunt in the dark– Need to swim to find food– Need to hide on lake floor