Ecosystem-based Adaptation Approaches for Improved Food Security and Climate Resilience
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Transcript of Ecosystem-based Adaptation Approaches for Improved Food Security and Climate Resilience
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Ecosystem-based Adaptation Approaches for Improved Food Security and Climate Resilience
-A learning experience with traditional cascade tank system,
Kapiriggama (Anuradhapura district)
Sarath Ekanayake (Plant Ecologist & team member of the project)
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About the project
Project aim: Ecosystem based restoration of Traditional Cascading Tank Systems for Enhanced Rural Livelihoods and Environmental Services under changing climate.
Project location: Kapriggama in the Rambewa DS Division of the Anuradhapura District (Dry Zone)
Project duration: 2013 – 2015
Financial and logistic support: IUCN, Department of Agrarian Development (DAD)
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Project location
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Traditional village tank cascade system
Source.P.B.Darmasena
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Tank cascade systems
• An ancient irrigation systems in Sri Lanka, since 4th century B.C. or before
• It has hydrologically connected series of tanks within the micro (or meso) catchments of the dry zone landscape
• Purpose is to store, convey and use/reuse water from non perennial streams
• There are 1166 cascade tank systems in Sri Lanka• Many are now abandoned due to various reasons• Meaningful restoration calls for system thinking – Tank cascade
systems (Vs. individual small tanks)• Project aims to demonstrate the restoration and sustainable
management of small tank cascade system as the fundamental unit
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General view of tank cascade ecosystem
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Socio economic background of Kapirikkgama cascade area
• 11 villages of 3 Grama Niladhari Divisions• 594 families • 26 small tanks and anicuts in the cascade• Total area cultivable under small irrigation
schemes is 522 ha • Predominantly rice-based agriculture• Cultivate only 50%of the available command
area during yala season due to lack of water
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Objectives• To demonstrate ecological restoration and
sustainable management of Kapiriggama cascade tank system for enhanced rural livelihoods and environmental services under changing climate.
• To influence policy to consider cascade tank systems as the basic planning unit for restoration of small irrigation tanks in the dry zone of Sri Lanka (ecosystem based climate change adaptation).
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• Themes of key activities– Restoration of tank ecosystem– Physical restoration of tanks– Livelihood development, increase productivity– Strengthening communities & institutions
mechanism – Developing knowledge base, sharing lessons
learnt
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Activities and their relevance to climate change adaptation and/or food security
• Rehabilitation of tank system - Partial desiltation, tank deepening, changing the geometry of the tank, headworks, canal and drainage repairs: Increase storage, reduce evaporation, minimize water losses, flood attenuation, disaster risk reduction
• Ecosystem and watershed restoration: Increase Carbon sequestration, increase availability and variety of food, promote groundwater recharge, increase water yield, create favorable micro climate, support IPM, provide raw materials for livelihoods
• Promoting traditional rice/crop varieties Require less inputs, varieties tolerant to extreme weather conditions, high nutritional value, minimum soil and water pollution
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Activities and their relevance to climate change adaptation and/or
food security (Contd..)• Study of catchment water balance: Decision making with real-time data, more accurate predictions, promote equitable resource sharing •Home garden improvement: Income generation, increase availability and variety of food, create resilience for financial and food crisis, livable micro climate, •Promoting sustainable agriculture and crop diversification: Resilience to extreme weather event and pest and diseases, less inputs, environmentally friendly agriculture, more nutritious food, less pollution of soil and water
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Activities and their relevance to climate change adaptation and/or
food security (Contd..)-Promoting ecosystem based livelihood development: Environmental conservation, sustainable use of ecosystems, resilience to economic pressure -Promoting livestock and fisheriesBetter nutrition. Income under crop failure. -Control of invasive species: Better pasture lands, improved tank capacity and availability of useful native species.
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Components of cascade landscape mosaic components
Village tankSwamp forestsPasture lands …….
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Components of cascade landscape mosaic …
Home gardensPaddy landsChena lands…
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Salient features of the project
• Promote multi sector & multi stakeholder involvement with adaptive management
• Consider cascade as the basic management unit with a natural boundary
• Focus on multiple benefits – ecological, social, economic, equity, gender etc.
• Use available science as well as traditional knowledge
• Promote ecosystem as well as social resilience
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END
• THANK YOU