Industrial sustainability 4.0:Technology and resilience in the new global

economy

Nisaar MahomedMoses Kotane Virtual Lecture Series

19th June 2020

19 children born intopoverty

418 tonnes of foodwasted

3 people died ofstarvation

10 seconds

2490

23610

17610

54190

The speed of change

Then

Life expectancy since 1900

Integrated circuits since 1960

Solar panels since 1975

DNA sequencing since 2001

Now

More than doubled

30 000 times faster

250 times cheaper

100 000 times cheaper

Future of production: 12 key emerging technologies

The future of production will require skills at each level of the global value chainHighest level of readiness found in Europe, N America and East Asiahttp://www3.weforum.org/docs/FOP_Readiness_Report_2018.pdf

Global assessment of production readiness

• 25% account for 75% of global MVA• G20 countries are responsible for over 80% of global Manufacturing Value Added• http://www3.weforum.org/docs/FOP_Readiness_Report_2018.pdf

Future technology’s raw material demand

• In 2035, up to 85 trillion RFID-Tags could be sold per year=silver, copper and aluminium.• Increased use of electronics= the global demand for copper will grow between 231 and 341

percent until 2050• Robots=increased demand for steel, copper, tin and silicon

The low carbon transition

In November 2017, the power consumed by the entire bitcoin network was estimated to be higherthan that of the Republic of Ireland.

From doughnut economics to resource use

Doughnut economics• Consider models relevant to this millennium• Endless GDP growth but at what cost?• Extreme inequality is a design failure• Design should be distributive and regenerative.

ProductDesign:

- Last Longer- Reused- Recycled- Disassembled

ProcessDesign:

- MinimizeWaste

- Remanufacture- Refurbish- Resource Use- Feedback

loops

BusinessModels:

- Prosumers- Rent vs Buy- Services vs

Product- Exchange &

Sharing

Underpinned by Technology Enablers3D Printing; Platforms; Big Data; IOT; Advanced Materials

The circular economy and new technology

South Africa’s energy crisis

In 2001, Eskom was named the Financial Times Power Company of the YearIn 2019, its debt levels of R430bn represent about 15 percent of the state’s total debt,

Manufacturing underutilisation

• 20% of South Africa's manufacturing capacity is not being used.• Source: https://www.southafricanmi.com/south-africas-manufacturing-industry.html

Fashion and 4IR

World consumes 80 billion items ofclothing

Dyeing and treatment of garmentscomprises 20% of all industrial waterproduction

After use 73% of clothes end up inlandfill

8000 synthetic chemicals used to turnraw materials into textiles

98 million tons of oil used per year

70 million trees destroyed to makeclothes

20 000 litres79 bn litres in 2015

Ananas Anam (British) turns pineapple leavesinto leather textile

Orange Fiber (Italy)-extracts cellulose fromorange rinds to produce a silk like material

Myco Works combines corn husks and sawdustwith mycelium to make leather

AR powered Converse Sampler APP-point cellphone at feet to visualise entire conversecatalogue

Blockchain end to end digital histories that tracksraw material from shearing wool to final product

Making food in a lab

• US$ 8 trillion industry, 10% of the world's GDP.• 33% wasted, 900 million people go to bed hungry

a cow is just a technology that transforms

the proteins, sugars, and fats present in

plants from one format into another.

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