8/13/2019 [Economy] 3 Methods of calculating GDP Mrunal

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10/9/13 [Economy] 3 Methods of calculating GDP Mrunal

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Got this question from mail,

what are these income,production and expenditure methods in calulating GDP?how do terms like NNP, NDP, GNP,GDP,NNPFC,NNPMP DIFFER FROM EACHOTHER. what is difference between gdp at constant prices and current prices.its very confusing

Ill deal with each question in one post. First, lets refresh the concepts again.

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) means,

Money value of everything you produce within your country.(Domestic=within country).Everything means products and services.

GNP (Gross National Product) means,

The Money value of everything you produce within your country PLUS yourincome from abroad. Anil Kapoor goes to America, get 5 million dollar$ to playbaddie in Mission Impossible 4, but sends that money to India = counted inIndias GNP.But with same logic, Cricket Coach Gary Kirsten gets 50 lakh rupees from BCCI,and sends it to his family in S.Africa, youve to deduct it from Indias GNP. (South

Africans will count it in their GNP)Similarly, Americans will subtract the dollar value of Anil Kapoors remittance toIndia while counting their GNP.So, whatll be the (stupid) formula?Gross National production=Money value of everything produced withinIndia+Incoming money from outside-Outgoing money to abroad.Or you can simply sayGNP = GDP + incoming money from abroad Outgoing money to abroad.

How GDP calculated and what is are these income, production andexpenditure methods.

GDP is calculated by three methods.

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10/9/13 [Economy] 3 Methods of calculating GDP Mrunal

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Theoretically all three of them should give same final number, but in reality therewill be slight difference between each of them.

#A: EXPENDITURE METHOD OF COUNTING GDP

Here you count the money spent by everyone.

So How to make a technical formula? Ask yourself, where is the moneychanging hands? There are five components of that.

#1: CONSUMPTION BY PRIVATE CITIZENS [C]

like you and me buying (overpriced) daal, vegetables and milk (courtesy: SharadPawar).

I buy your second-hand bike for 15,000 Rupees, should we including it in theconsumer Expenditure (C) ? Nope. Because the bike Is not produced again.

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10/9/13 [Economy] 3 Methods of calculating GDP Mrunal

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Second hand products are not counted

When you had bought that bike for Rs.30000, 10 years ago, we had counted thamoney in that years GDP. So second hand-product sale money cannot becounted in this years GDP.Now, I buy your second-hand bike from an auto dealer, (who gets Rs.1000Commission) should we include it in the (C)? Hell Yes, because he sold hisservice to me uniquely. Every time he sells a second hand product, although nonew product is created but new service is delivered by him.WHAT IF SAME 1000 RUPEE NOTE IS CHANGING HANDS?

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10/9/13 [Economy] 3 Methods of calculating GDP Mrunal

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Each service or product has separate value even if same currency note isused to purchase it

I gave a note of Rs.1000 to that dealer as part of his brokerage (dalaali) and hegives the same Rs.1000 note to the electricity company for his monthly bill.Same Rs.1000 note is changing hands so is our GDP =Rs.1000? Nope. GDP isthe money value of everything produced within India. So brokerage service isRs.1000 separately and the electricity produced is also worth Rs.1000

separately. Therefore, Even as same 1000 rupee note is given to both parties.Total GDP=1000 brokeage+1000 electricity bill=Rs.2000If electri.co gives that 1000 rupee note to its peon as salary, then again it has tobe counted. Because peon sold his unique service separately to the company.So in that caseTotal GDP =Brokerge+Electric bill+peon salary=Rs.3000

#2: Investment [I]

People investing in sharemarket, putting money in banks etc.

#3: Government spending [G]

Like buying (overpriced) sports equipment from Kalmaadis associates duringCommon wealth games. Government paying salary to staff, buying new tanksand missiles..everything.

#4, 5 :Export & Import [X & M]

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10/9/13 [Economy] 3 Methods of calculating GDP Mrunal

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Money we get from export is added.You remember that GDP means Money value of everything we produce withinIndia. So if we import something, it has to be subtracted, because it is notproduced within India.So formula (for ease In remembering)GDP = Consumer+Investor+Governer + (eXporter iMporter)

Technically correct formula:

GDP(Expenditure)=C+I+G+(X-M)

#B: Income Method of counting gdp

Here you count everyones income. But some people may be running businessin credit (udhaari), sometimes payments are delayed. So may not give the fullpicture for the given year.

#C: Production method of counting gdp

Total money value of everything produced (value added at each stage)

1. Farmer produced Wheat and sold 100 kg of it @ 2000 Rs. (Originalvalue)2. Flour mill, purchased it, grinded it and sold the flour to baker @ 2500 Rs.

(+500 value added to previous purchase)3. Baker made breads, cookies and biscuits and sold the total production

@3500 Rs to its final customers. (+1000 value added to previous purchase

what is total GDP here?2000+2500+3500=8000 Rs? Hell no! Youve to see the value added.

So, total money value of this line is: 2000+500+1000=3500.Not all of the wheat goes into Bakers oven. Some of it will go in making beer,some in a normal household for making roti and so on. Youve to track the valueadded in each different line.

To be continued GDP at nominal price, Market price, Factor Cost, etc.etc.etc.